A black and white publicity photograph of Hitchcock
Studio publicity photo of Hitchcock in 1955

Alfred Hitchcock (1899–1980)[1] was an English director and filmmaker. Popularly known as the "Master of Suspense" for his use of innovative film techniques in thrillers,[1][2] Hitchcock started his career in the British film industry as a title designer and art director for a number of silent films during the early 1920s. His directorial debut was the 1925 release The Pleasure Garden.[3] Hitchcock followed this with The Lodger: A Story of the London Fog, his first commercial and critical success.[4] It featured many of the thematic elements his films would be known for, such as an innocent man on the run.[5] It also featured the first of his famous cameo appearances.[6] Two years later he directed Blackmail (1929) which was his first sound film.[7] In 1935, Hitchcock directed The 39 Steps; three years later, he directed The Lady Vanishes, starring Margaret Lockwood and Michael Redgrave.

In 1940, Hitchcock transitioned to Hollywood productions, the first of which was the psychological thriller Rebecca, starring Laurence Olivier and Joan Fontaine. He received his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Director, and the film won Best Picture.[8] Hitchcock worked with Fontaine again the following year on the film Suspicion, which also starred Cary Grant. In 1943, Hitchcock directed another psychological thriller Shadow of a Doubt, which starred Teresa Wright and Joseph Cotten. Three years later, he reunited with Grant on Notorious, which also starred Ingrid Bergman. The film included a three-minute intermittent kissing scene between the leads shot specifically to skirt the Motion Picture Production Code which at the time limited such scenes to three seconds.[9] In 1948, Hitchcock directed Rope, which starred James Stewart. The film was his first in Technicolor and is remembered for its use of long takes to make the film appear to be a single continuous shot.[10] Three years later, he directed Strangers on a Train (1951).

Hitchcock collaborated with Grace Kelly on three films: Dial M for Murder (1954), Rear Window (1954) and To Catch a Thief (1955). For Rear Window, Hitchcock received a nomination for Best Director at the Academy Awards.[11] 1955 marked his debut on television as the host of the anthology television series Alfred Hitchcock Presents, which he also produced.[2] In 1958, Hitchcock directed the psychological thriller Vertigo, starring Stewart and Kim Novak. The film topped the 2012 poll of the British film magazine Sight & Sound of the 50 Greatest Films of All Time and also topped the American Film Institute's Top Ten in the mystery genre.[12][13] He followed this with the spy thriller North by Northwest (1959), which starred Grant and Eva Marie Saint. In 1960, he directed Psycho, the biggest commercial success of his career and for which he received his fifth nomination for Best Director at the Academy Awards.[14][15] Three years later, he directed the horror film The Birds, starring Tippi Hedren. The following year, he reunited with Hedren on Marnie, which also starred Sean Connery.

In recognition of his career, Hitchcock garnered the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) Fellowship Award,[16] the American Film Institute's Life Achievement Award,[17] the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award,[18] the Directors Guild of America's Lifetime Achievement Award and the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award.[19][20] He received two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame to acknowledge his film and television achievements.[21] In 1980, Hitchcock received a knighthood.[22]

Film

As director

YearTitleCredited asNotes Ref(s)
DirectorProducerWriter
1922 Number 13 Yes No No Lost film • Unfinished [4]
1925 The Pleasure Garden Yes No No German title: Irrgarten der Leidenschaft (Maze of Passion) [4]
1926 The Mountain Eagle Yes No No Lost film
German title: Der Bergadler		 [23]
1927 The Lodger: A Story of the London Fog Yes No No US title: The Case of Jonathan Drew [4]
The Ring Yes No Yes Screenplay writer [4]
Downhill Yes No No US title: When Boys Leave Home [4]
1928 The Farmer's Wife Yes No No [4]
Easy Virtue Yes No No [4]
Champagne Yes No Yes Screenplay co-writer [4]
1929 The Manxman Yes No No [4]
Blackmail Yes No Yes Released in both silent and sound versions [4]
1930 An Elastic Affair Yes No No Short film
Lost film		 [4]
Juno and the Paycock Yes No Yes Screenplay co-writer [4]
Murder! Yes No Yes Screenplay co-writer [4]
1931 The Skin Game Yes No Yes Screenplay co-writer [4]
Mary Yes No No German-language version of Murder! filmed with German actors [4]
Rich and Strange Yes No Yes US title: East of Shanghai
Screenplay co-writer		 [4]
1932 Number Seventeen Yes No Yes Screenplay co-writer [4]
1934 Waltzes from Vienna Yes No No US title: Strauss' Great Waltz/ The Strauss Waltz [4]
The Man Who Knew Too Much Yes No No [4]
1935 The 39 Steps Yes No No [24]
1936 Secret Agent Yes No No [25]
Sabotage Yes No No US title: The Woman Alone [4]
1937 Young and Innocent Yes No No US title: The Girl Was Young [4]
1938 The Lady Vanishes Yes No No [26]
[27]
1939 Jamaica Inn Yes No No [28]
1940 Rebecca Yes No No [29]
Foreign Correspondent Yes No No [30]
1941 Mr. & Mrs. Smith Yes No No [31]
Suspicion Yes No No [32]
1942 Saboteur Yes No No [33]
1943 Shadow of a Doubt Yes No No [33]
1944 Lifeboat Yes No No [33]
The Fighting Generation Yes No No United States propaganda short [34]
1945 Spellbound Yes No No [33]
1946 Notorious Yes Yes No [33]
1947 The Paradine Case Yes No No [33]
1948 Rope Yes Yes No Co-producer [33]
1949 Under Capricorn Yes Yes No Co-producer [33]
1950 Stage Fright Yes Yes No [33]
1951 Strangers on a Train Yes Yes No [33]
1953 I Confess Yes Yes No [33]
1954 Dial M for Murder Yes Yes No Filmed in 3D [33]
[35]
Rear Window Yes Yes No [33]
1955 To Catch a Thief Yes Yes No [33]
The Trouble with Harry Yes Yes No [33]
1956 The Man Who Knew Too Much Yes Yes No Remake of Hitchcock's 1934 movie of the same name [33][36]
The Wrong Man Yes Yes No [33][37]
1958 Vertigo Yes Yes No [38]
1959 North by Northwest Yes Yes No [39]
1960 Psycho Yes Yes No [33]
1963 The Birds Yes Yes No [33]
1964 Marnie Yes Yes No [33]
1966 Torn Curtain Yes Yes No [33]
1969 Topaz Yes Yes No [33]
1972 Frenzy Yes Yes No [33]
1976 Family Plot Yes Yes No [33]
1993 Bon Voyage Yes No No French-language propaganda short
Filmed in 1944 but only released in 1993		 [40]
[41]
1993 Aventure Malgache Yes No No French-language propaganda short
Filmed in 1944 but only released in 1993		 [40]

Other work

YearTitle Credited asNotes Ref(s)
ProducerWriterOther
1920 The Great Day No No Yes Title designer • Short film • Lost film [4]
1921 The Call of Youth No No Yes Title designer • Short film • Lost film [4]
Appearances No No Yes Title designer • Lost film [4]
The Mystery Road No No Yes Title designer • Lost film [4]
The Princess of New York No No Yes Title designer • Lost film [4]
Dangerous Lies No No Yes Title designer • Lost film [4]
The Bonnie Brier Bush No No Yes Title designer • Lost film [4]
1922 Three Live Ghosts No No Yes Art director, and title designer [4]
Love's Boomerang No No Yes Title designer • Lost film [4]
The Spanish Jade No No Yes Art director, and title designer • Lost film [4]
The Man from Home No No Yes Art director, and title designer [4]
Tell Your Children No No Yes Art director, and title designer • Lost film [4]
1923 Always Tell Your Wife No No Yes Co-director (uncredited), and production manager • Short film • Partially lost film [4][42]
Woman to Woman No Yes Yes Assistant director, screenplay co-writer, and art director • Lost film [4]
The White Shadow No Yes Yes US title: White Shadows
Assistant director, screenplay co-writer, and art director
Partially lost film		 [4]
1924 The Passionate Adventure No Yes Yes Assistant director, screenplay co-writer, and art director [4]
1925 The Blackguard No Yes Yes German title: Die Prinzessin und der Geiger (The Princess and the Violinist)
Assistant director, screenplay writer, and art director		 [4]
The Prude's Fall No Yes Yes US title: Dangerous Virtue
Assistant director, screenplay writer, and art director
Partially lost film		 [4]
1930 Elstree Calling No No Yes Sketches, and other interpolated items [4]
1932 Lord Camber's Ladies Yes No No [4]
2014 German Concentration Camps Factual Survey No No Yes Treatment advisor
Documentary
Filmed in 1945 but only released in 2014		 [43]
[44]

Television

Year(s) Title Role Notes Ref(s)
1955–1962 Alfred Hitchcock Presents Host 17 episodes (director) [4]
1957 Suspicion — Episode: "Four O'Clock" (director, and producer) [4]
1960 Startime — Episode: "Incident at a Corner" (director, and producer)
Only television show directed by Hitchcock in colour		 [4][45]
1962 Alcoa Premiere — Episode: "The Jail" (executive producer) [46]
[47]
1962–1965 The Alfred Hitchcock Hour Host Episode: "I Saw The Whole Thing" (director) [4]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Alfred Hitchcock". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016.
  2. 1 2 Flint, Peter B. (30 April 1980). "Alfred Hitchcock Dies; A Master of Suspense". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 March 2016. Retrieved 1 March 2017.
  3. ↑ Dixon, Bryony (17 January 2014). "Hitchcock and the mystery of the tea cup". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on 14 August 2016.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 McGilligan, Patrick (2003). Alfred Hitchcock: A Life in Darkness and Light. New York: Regan Books. pp. 98, 764–777, 808. ISBN 978-0-06-039322-9.
  5. ↑ "The Lodger". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016.
  6. ↑ Walker, Michael (2005). Hitchcock's Motifs. Amsterdam University Press. pp. 87–88. ISBN 978-90-5356-773-9.
  7. ↑ Duguid, Mark. "Example: Blackmail: Silent and Sound: 1". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on 29 August 2016.
  8. ↑ "The 13th Academy Awards". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on 12 March 2017.
  9. ↑ Ebert, Roger (17 August 1997). "Notorious Movie Review & Film Summary (1946)". Roger Ebert. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017.
  10. ↑ "Rope". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on 9 March 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
  11. ↑ "The 27th Academy Awards". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on 12 March 2017.
  12. ↑ Christie, Ian. "The 50 Greatest Films of All Time". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on 1 March 2017.
  13. ↑ "Top 10 Mystery". American Film Institute. Archived from the original on 24 June 2016.
  14. ↑ Parkinson, David. "Psycho". Radio Times. Archived from the original on 4 October 2015.
  15. ↑ Thomson, David (9 November 2010). The Moment of Psycho: How Alfred Hitchcock Taught America to Love Murder. Basic Books. p. 100. ISBN 978-0-465-02070-6.
  16. ↑ "100 BAFTA Moments — Sir Alfred Hitchcock Receives the First BAFTA Fellowship". British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA). 3 February 2015. Archived from the original on 23 March 2016.
  17. ↑ "1979 Alfred Hitchcock Tribute". American Film Institute. Archived from the original on 24 June 2016.
  18. ↑ "Alfred Hitchcock receiving the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on 13 March 2017.
  19. ↑ "James Burrows & Robert Butler To Receive DGA Lifetime Achievement Award For Television". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Media Corporation. 4 December 2014. Archived from the original on 30 March 2016.
  20. ↑ "Cecil B. DeMille® Award". Hollywood Foreign Press Association (HFPA). Archived from the original on 14 January 2014.
  21. ↑ "Alfred Hitchcock". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 20 February 2017.
  22. ↑ "Queen's honours: People who have turned them down named". BBC News. 26 January 2012. Archived from the original on 26 November 2016.
  23. ↑ Strauss, Marc (12 October 2004). Alfred Hitchcock's Silent Films. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. p. 26. ISBN 978-0-7864-8192-7.
  24. ↑ "39 Steps, The (1935)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  25. ↑ "Secret Agent (1936)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on 16 August 2014.
  26. ↑ French, Philip (24 July 2012). "My favourite Hitchcock: The Lady Vanishes". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 9 February 2017.
  27. ↑ Boult, Adam (2 April 2014). "Free show: The Lady Vanishes". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  28. ↑ Nugent, Frank S. (12 October 1939). "Laughton Obscures Hitchcock in 'Jamaica Inn' at the Rivoli--'What a Life' Seen at the Paramount, and 'Fast and Furious' at Loew's Criterion". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016.
  29. ↑ Hann, Michael (7 August 2012). "My favourite Hitchcock: Rebecca". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 9 February 2017.
  30. ↑ Ray, Saptarshi (27 August 2012). "My favourite Hitchcock: Foreign Correspondent". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 15 November 2016.
  31. ↑ "'Mr. and Mrs. Smith': THR's 1941 Review". The Hollywood Reporter. 20 February 2017. Archived from the original on 3 March 2017.
  32. ↑ Crowther, Bosley (21 November 1941). "" Suspicion" a Hitchcock Thriller, at Music Hall --"Shadow of Thin Man," at Capitol -- Errol Flynn as Gen. Caster at Strand". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 4 August 2016.
  33. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 "Alfred Hitchcock — Filmography". Movies & TV Dept. The New York Times. 2015. Archived from the original on 11 October 2015.
  34. ↑ "Life on the Home Front". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). 3 September 2014. Archived from the original on 2 March 2017.
  35. ↑ French, Philip. "Dial M for Murder 3D – review". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 22 July 2016.
  36. ↑ "24. The Man Who Knew Too Much". Empire. Bauer Media Group. Archived from the original on 22 March 2012.
  37. ↑ Weiler, A. H. (24 December 1956). "Screen: New Format for Hitchcock; Suspense Is Dropped in 'The Wrong Man' Fonda Plays Title Role of Paramount Film Martin and Lewis Abbott and Costello". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 25 March 2016.
  38. ↑ "Review: 'Vertigo'". Variety. Penske Media Corporation. 14 May 1958. Archived from the original on 28 February 2017.
  39. ↑ "Review: 'North by Northwest'". Variety. Penske Media Corporation. 29 June 1959. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016.
  40. 1 2 Brooke, Michael. "Hitchcock at War". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on 29 December 2016.
  41. ↑ Thomas, Kevin (26 April 1994). "How Hitchcock Fought Nazis : The Master Made Two Propaganda Films That Haven't Been Seen Here, Until Now". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 3 September 2014.
  42. ↑ "The Shaping of Alfred Hitchcock". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on 30 March 2016.
  43. ↑ van Hoejj, Boyd (14 February 2014). "German Concentration Camps Factual Survey: Berlin Review". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Archived from the original on 9 July 2015.
  44. ↑ Jeffries, Stuart (9 January 2015). "The Holocaust film that was too shocking to show". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 10 January 2017.
  45. ↑ "Museum Of Television & Radio Screening Series, The: Murder In The Living Room: Hitchcock By Hitchcock, Package 1: Unveiling Vera Miles". Paley Center for Media. Archived from the original on 8 May 2016.
  46. ↑ "The Complete Hitchcock: Television". Paley Center for Media. Archived from the original on 14 April 2016.
  47. ↑ Vernon, Terry (6 February 1962). "Tele-Vues". Long Beach Independent. p. 30. Archived from the original on 5 October 2015. Retrieved 1 June 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
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