Allin Congregational Church
LocationDedham, Massachusetts
CountryUnited States
DenominationUnited Church of Christ (1963–present)
Previous denominationCongregational Christian Churches (1931–1950s)
National Association of Congregational Christian Churches (c. 1950s–1963)[1]
Websitewww.allinchurch.org
History
Former namesThe Orthodox Church (c. 19th century)
Founded1818
Architecture
StyleGreek Revival
Years built1819
Administration
DistrictSouthern New England Conference of the UCC
Clergy
Minister(s)Anne Marie Holloway
Laity
Organist(s)Andrew Welch
Parish administratorJane Hayes

Allin Congregational Church is an historic United Church of Christ church in Dedham, Massachusetts. It was built in 1818 by conservative breakaway members of Dedham's First Church and Parish in the Greek Revival style.

History

The preaching of Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield helped to revive the churches of Dedham during the Great Awakening.[2] The theological debates that arose as a result, however, helped bring about a split in the churches into different denominations.[2] Allin Congregational Church was founded in 1818 when more conservative members of the First Church and Parish broke off from the increasingly liberal First Church.[3][4][5]

In the early 19th century, all Massachusetts towns were Constitutionally required to tax their citizens "for the institution of the public worship of God, and for the support and maintenance of public Protestant teachers of piety."[6] All residents of a town were assessed, as members of the parish, whether or not they were also members of the church. The "previous and long standing practice [was to have] the church vote for the minister and the parish sanction this vote."[7]

Split with First Church

In 1818 "Dedham [claimed] rights distinct from the church and against the vote of the church."[7] The town, as the parish, selected a liberal Unitarian minister, Rev. Alvan Lamson, to serve the First Church in Dedham.[8] The members of the church were more traditional and rejected Lamson by a vote of 18–14.[8][9] When the parish installed and ordained Lamson, the more conservative or orthodox members left in 1818 decided to form a new church nearby.[8]

During the split, the departing members included Deacon Samuel Fales, who took parish records, funds, and the valuable silver used for communion with him.[10][11][8] Members of the First Church sued and the case, Baker v. Fales, reached the Supreme Judicial Court. The court ruled that "[w]hatever the usage in settling ministers, the Bill of Rights of 1780 secures to towns, not to churches, the right to elect the minister, in the last resort."[12]

The court held that the property had to be returned to First Church, setting a precedent for future congregational splits that would arise as Unitarianism grew.[10] The case was a major milestone in the road towards the separation of church and state and led to the Commonwealth formally disestablishing the Congregational Church in 1833.[13] The orthodox faction supposedly responded to the decision with the saying, "They kept the furniture, but we kept the faith."[10]

Despite the court ruling, the silver was not returned to First Church.[14] It remained hidden away until 1969 when it was donated to the Dedham Historical Society as a neutral third party.[14] Today it is on permanent loan to the Museum of Fine Arts, and replicas have been made for both churches.[15]

The new congregation was initially called the Orthodox Church,[16][17] but was later renamed Allin Congregational Church after John Allin, the founder and first pastor of First Church.[3] Shortly after the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court ruled in Baker v. Fales that the rival faction was, in fact, the First Church, the Orthodox Church ordained their first minister, Ebenezer Burgess.[18] The letters calling for a council, however, went out in the name of "the First Church."[19][lower-alpha 1]

Burgess pastorate

Burgess served as the minister for 40 years, from 1821 until 1861. He agreed to serve in exchange for $2,800 and a house.[21] He first preached in the church in July 1820, and was ordained on March 14, 2821.[21] Communion was celebrated every sixth Sunday.[22]

Burgess was deeply interested in the work of the American Colonization Society which encouraged the migration of free blacks to Africa.[23] In the run up to the Civil War, "he did not support the anti-slavery movement" and segregated the pews in the church by race.[23]

When a visiting southern clergyman was traveling through the area, Burgess would often invite him to preach.[22] Congregants were sometimes offended by what the visiting preacher had to say.[22] However, when President Joseph Jenkins Roberts of Liberia would visit the United States, he would frequently preach from the Allin pulpit.[23] William Jenks, a pastor from Green Street in Boston, would spend the summers in Dedham.[22] Burgess would invite him to stand on his left during services and Jenks would lead the "long prayer."[22]

The deacons during this time were John Doggett and Martin Draper[22] and the sexton was Comfort Weatherbee.[22][lower-alpha 2]

20th century

The church was officially incorporated in 1929.[24] Allin Church joined the Congregational Christian Churches when the denomination was created in 1931. In the 1950s, the church became part of the conservative denomination the National Association of Congregational Christian Churches, before leaving in 1963,[25] when it became part of the United Church of Christ.[3]

Church

Construction

As the more liberal members had possession of the meetinghouse immediately after the split, the conservative members began meeting in the home of the deceased former minister, Jason Haven.[26][3] On January 29, 1819, they began advertising for contractors to build them a new meetinghouse.[26] By August, they had raised enough money to begin construction.[27]

On August 2, as the lot was being prepared for construction, a terrible thunderstorm blew through the town.[27] It was thought that lightning struck at least 40 times within a mile of the church.[27] The following week, as the frame was going up, work was stopped due to a cloudburst.[27] Its dedication on December 30 was conducted in the midst of a blizzard.[27][3][21]

The church was constructed by Jacob Clarke, with William Clarke placing the carved finial on top of the tower.[28] It was a simple structure, consisting of little more than four walls, a roof, and a few windows.[27] Inside, the unpainted pews had high backs and doors.[23] There were wall pews on either side, with pews in the back reserved for people of color, but they were rarely, if ever, used.[23]

The center pulpit was elevated and enclosed, with a door on either side.[23] Brass rings hung over the windows in the gallery, but curtains were not attached.[23] Two large sheet-iron wood stoves provided heat and hot ashes for foot stoves.[23]

The stables in the cellar were paved with wood blocks.[23] The choir sang from a gallery in the rear.[22]

1846 renovation

The interior was renovated in 1846 while Burgess traveled in Europe.[23] The pews were painted and the walls were frescoed.[23] An arch-niche was put in behind the pulpit.[23]

The pulpit was replaced with one with a polished rosewood veneer to match the new rosewood communion table with carved legs and black marble top.[23] A carpet was installed and the roof was slated.[23]

Music

The first organ, which was purchased used, was introduced to the church in 1852.[29] Comfort Weatherbee and a few others found one in storage in Boston and purchased it for $300.[22] After it was installed in the arch, the various musicians were crowded out and no longer performed.[22] A new organ was introduced in 1858.[29] John Thayer played it for a few months until he accepted a position playing the organ at nearby St. Paul's.[29]

A double bass viol, no longer needed with the organ, was instead loaned to the Baptist Church in Mill Village.[22] The tune books used were first the "Handel and Haydn Collection" and then the "Carmina Sacra."[22] The hymn book used was "Watts and Select Hymns" but the congregation did not sing along even though they stood and faced the choir.[22] A singing school was run in the church during the winter months which provided singers for the choir.[22]

The current organ at Allin Church is over 100 years old and contains 3,500 air-blown pipes.[30] Originally built in 1912 by Ernest M. Skinner for Appleton Chapel at Harvard University,[31] and some of the pipework was altered by Skinner in 1931.[30] The next year, Appleton Chapel was demolished and replaced by the current Memorial Church. The organ was put into storage, and in 1938 was installed at Allin Church by the Frazee Organ Co.[30] In 1958 R. Kershaw changed nine ranks of pipes and added a new coupler.[30] Today, the organ has 55 ranks of pipes and a repaired console which was added in 1999.[30] Organist and Minister of Music at Allin Church, C. Martin Steinmetz, was organist for over 50 years until his retirement in 2017.[31]

Chapels

Burgess built a chapel immediately behind the church and another was constructed behind Benjamin Boyden's store in Mill Village.[23] The East Dedham chapel had an open timbered framework and was occasionally used for religious services.[23]

Ministers

NumberMinisterYears of serviceNotes
1*John Allen1639-1671[32][33][34][35][36][37]
2*John Phillips1639-1641[38]
Vacant1671-1673
3*William AdamsDecember 3, 1673 – August 17, 1686[32][39][40][37]
Vacant1685-1693[40][41]
4*Joseph BelcherNovember 29, 1693 – April 27, 1723[42][43][32][40][37][lower-alpha 3]
5*Samuel DexterMay 6, 1724 – January 29, 1755[32][40][44][40][37]
6*Jason HavenFebruary 5, 1756 – May 17, 1803[32][45][37]
7*Joshua BatesMarch 16, 1803-February 20-1818[46][32][37]
8Ebenezer BurgessMarch 14, 1821 – March 13, 1861[47][48]
9Jonathan Edwards1863-1874[48][lower-alpha 4]
10Charles McLellan Southgate1875-1884[48][50]
11Joseph B. Seabury1885-1899[48][51]
12Edward Huntting Rudd1900-1909[48][52]
13William Thomas Beale1909-1917[48]
14Oliver Dana Sewall1918-1920[48]
15George Manley Butler1921-1934[48]
16John Franklin Robinson1935–45[48][53]
17Harry Raymond Butman1945-1953[48][54]
18Richard Gould Hinds1954-1957[48]
19Elton Winslow Brown1958-1963[25][48]
20William Henry Brittain1963-1976[48]
21Taylor Eugene Roth1977-1994[48][55]
22Jan-Willem van der Werff2001-2006
23Cheryl KerrJune 14, 2009–June 20, 2021[48][56][57][lower-alpha 5]
InterimChristopher Lyman Waldron2021-2023[58]
24Anne Marie HollowayJanuary 1, 2024-[59][lower-alpha 6]
*Was minister of the First Church and Parish in Dedham before the schism.

Notable members

  • Warren Fales Draper's father was a deacon of the church, and Draper attended as a child.
  • William Alcott was the superintendent of the Sunday School.[60]
  • Mr. Packard was the sexton in the mid-1800s.[lower-alpha 7]
  • James F. Fish, publisher of the Puritan Recorder and superintendent of the Sunday School.[22]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Herman Mann was not pleased, writing "...notwithstanding names are so cheap that they may be had for nothing, they chose to steal their neighbors', and in utter contempt of all law, justice, and even common decency."[20]
  2. ↑ Doggett lived on Court Street and transported the communion cups and plates in a wicker basket he made himself.[22]
  3. ↑ Belcher preached until 1721 when illness prevented him from doing so any further.[42]
  4. ↑ In 1869, Edwards offered the dedicatory prayer at the dedication of Memorial Hall.[49]
  5. ↑ Kerr, a native of New Jersey, was the 23rd pastor of the church. She earned a Master of Divinity degree from Andover Theological School. With her husband, Itamar Santos, she had three children, Grace, Ethan, and Gabriel. Kerr left the Allin Congregational Church to become senior pastor at a UCC church in Newton, Massachusetts.[56]
  6. ↑ Holloway was called to be the church's 24th minister in 2023 and began on January 1, 2024. She is a native of South Weymouth, Massachusetts, and studied at Bridgewater State College. In 2018, she was graduated from Boston University's School of Theology and was ordained in the United Church of Christ. Before coming to Dedham, she was an Associate Minister at the Wellesley Hills Congregational Church.[59]
  7. ↑ Packard owned a stove store on Church Street.[61]

References

  1. ↑ National Association of Congregational Christian Churches, 1963 handbook
  2. 1 2 Lockridge 1985, p. 162.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "Allin Church History (In Brief)". Allin Congregational Church. Archived from the original on 2016-09-26. Retrieved 2016-09-23.
  4. ↑ Rose, Harold Wickliffe (1964-01-01). The Colonial Houses of Worship in America: Built in the English Colonies Before the Republic, 1607–1789, and Still Standing. Hastings House.
  5. ↑ Robinson, David (1985). The Unitarians & the Universalists. Westport, CT: Greenwood Heinemann. p. 37. ISBN 0313248931. OCLC 233269204.
  6. ↑ "Constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts". Wikisource.com. 1780. Retrieved 2006-11-28. See Part the First, Article III.
  7. 1 2 Ronald Golini. "Taxation for Religion in Early Massachusetts". www.rongolini.com. Archived from the original on 2007-01-08. Retrieved 2006-11-28.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Sally Burt (2006). "First Church Papers Inventoried". Dedham Historical Society Newsletter (January). Archived from the original on December 31, 2006.
  9. ↑ Worthley, Harold Field (1970-01-01). An Inventory of the Records of the Particular (Congregational) Churches of Massachusetts Gathered 1620–1805. Harvard University Press.
  10. 1 2 3 Robinson 1985, p. 37.
  11. ↑ "UUA, United Church of Christ 'just friends,' say leaders". UU World Magazine. 2006-11-03. Retrieved 2019-07-24.
  12. ↑ Eliphalet Baker and Another v. Samuel Fales, 16 Mass. 403
  13. ↑ Johann N. Neem (2003). "Politics and the Origins of the Nonprofit Corporation in Massachusetts and New Hampshire, 1780–1820". Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly. 32 (3): 363. doi:10.1177/0899764003254593. S2CID 143507592.
  14. 1 2 "375 Years of History in Short". First Church and Parish in Dedham. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  15. ↑ Dedham Historical Society 2001, p. 28.
  16. ↑ Mayflower families through five generations: descendants of the Pilgrims who landed at Plymouth, Mass., December 1620. family of Henry Samson. General Society of Mayflower Descendants. 2006-01-01. p. 203. ISBN 9780930270308.
  17. ↑ The Genealogical Helper. Everton Publishers. 1991-01-01.
  18. ↑ Hanson 1976, p. 213-214.
  19. ↑ Hanson 1976, p. 213.
  20. ↑ Hanson 1976, p. 214.
  21. 1 2 3 Warren 1931, p. 308.
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Clarke 1903, p. 16.
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Clarke 1903, p. 15.
  24. ↑ Smith 1936.
  25. 1 2 "National Association of Congregational Christian Churches, 1963 handbook". archive.org. Commission on Publications. 1963. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
  26. 1 2 Hanson 1976, p. 206.
  27. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Hanson 1976, p. 208.
  28. ↑ Clarke 1903, p. 1.
  29. 1 2 3 Clarke 1903, p. 13.
  30. 1 2 3 4 5 "Appendix 7: Offsite Visits" (PDF). First Parish in Concord. 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2003-12-15.
  31. 1 2 Feijo, Sara. "Allin Congregational Church organist celebrates 50 years at the keys". Retrieved 2016-09-24.
  32. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Beach et al. 1878, p. 27.
  33. ↑ Smith 1936, p. 64.
  34. ↑ Worthington 1827, p. 101.
  35. ↑ Abbott 1903, pp. 290–297.
  36. ↑ Lockridge 1985, p. 85.
  37. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Burgess 1840, p. 515.
  38. ↑ Hanson 1976, p. 41.
  39. ↑ Worthington 1827, p. 104.
  40. 1 2 3 4 5 Worthington 1827, p. 105.
  41. ↑ Lockridge 1985, p. 35.
  42. 1 2 Bartlett, J. Gardner (1906). The Belcher families in New England. Retrieved July 11, 2019.
  43. ↑ Lockridge 1985, p. 86.
  44. ↑ Lockridge 1985, p. 109.
  45. ↑ Worthington 1827, p. 108.
  46. ↑ Worthington 1827, p. 110.
  47. ↑ New England Historic Genealogical Society (1905-01-01). Memorial Biographies of the New England Historic Genealogical Society. The Society. p. 409. rev%20ebenezer%20burgess.
  48. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Pastors of the Allin Congregational Church (Plaque inside church narthex). Allin Congregational Church. n.d.
  49. ↑ Worthington, Erastus (1869). Dedication of the Memorial Hall, in Dedham, September 29, 1868: With an Appendix. John Cox, Jr. p. 18. Retrieved June 13, 2021.
  50. ↑ Andover Theological Seminary (1914). Necrology 1911-1914. p. 39.
  51. ↑ "Dedham Schools". Boston Post. Boston, Massachusetts. 4 September 1895. p. 6 – via Newspapers.com.
  52. ↑ Princeton University. Class of 1883 (1904). Twenty Years After: Record and Directory of the Class of 1883, Princeton University. The Committee. pp. 16–.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  53. ↑ "Faith, Peace Outlined for Kiwanians". The Deseret News. 21 December 1950. Retrieved 21 September 2016 – via Google Newspapers.
  54. ↑ Bendroth, Margaret (2015-08-12). The Last Puritans: Mainline Protestants and the Power of the Past. UNC Press Books. ISBN 9781469624013.
  55. ↑ "REV. TAYLOR E. ROTH Obituary (1928 - 2020) Boston Globe". Legacy.com. Retrieved 2021-09-26.
  56. 1 2 Writer, Christina (June 4, 2021). "Rev. Cheryl Kerr to leave Allin Congregational Church". The Dedham Times. Vol. 29, no. 22. p. 2.
  57. ↑ "Cheryl Kerr Installation". Eventful. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
  58. ↑ "Allin Church in Dedham calls Interim Minister". The Dedham Times. Vol. 29, no. 39. October 1, 2021. p. 2.
  59. 1 2 "Allin Church calls the Rev. Anne Marie Holloway as its next pastor". Vol. 31, no. 40. October 6, 2023. p. 8.
  60. ↑ Clarke 1903, p. 9.
  61. ↑ Clarke 1903, p. 11.

Works cited

  • Clarke, Wm. Horatio (1903). Mid-Century Memories of Dedham. Dedham Historical Society.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Warren, Charles (1931). Jacobin and Junto: Or, Early American Politics as Viewed in the Diary of Dr. Nathaniel Ames, 1758-1822. Harvard University Press.
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