Althea Garrison | |
---|---|
Member of the Boston City Council At-Large | |
In office January 9, 2019 – January 6, 2020 | |
Preceded by | Ayanna Pressley |
Succeeded by | Julia Mejia |
Member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from the 5th Suffolk District | |
In office 1993–1995 | |
Preceded by | Nelson Merced |
Succeeded by | Charlotte Golar Richie |
Personal details | |
Born | Hahira, Georgia | October 7, 1940
Nationality | American |
Political party | Independent (1988, 2000, 2008; since 2012) Democratic (1982–1986, 1998–1999, 2010–2012) Republican (1990–1996, 2002–2006) |
Residence(s) | Dorchester, Boston, Massachusetts |
Alma mater | Newbury Junior College Suffolk University Lesley College |
Occupation | Human Resources Politician |
Althea Garrison (born October 7, 1940)[1] is an American politician from Boston, Massachusetts who previously served a single term in the Massachusetts House of Representatives (1993–1995) and a partial term as an at-large councilor on the Boston City Council (2019–2020). She is considered the earliest transgender person known to have been elected to a state legislature in the United States.[2][3] She was outed against her will by the Boston Herald after her 1992 election.[4] She is a perennial candidate, having been an unsuccessful candidate for political office more than forty times.
In her only successful campaign, Garrison won election as a Republican to the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1992. She served one term from 1993 to 1995, losing her bid for reelection in 1994. Both before and after this, she has run for office many other times. Her campaigns have seen her run under different party affiliations, varyingly running as Republican, a Democrat, and an independent.[5][6] Garrison, in the 2010s, described her political ideology as "independent conservative".
Garrison served as an at-large member of the Boston City Council from January 2019 to January 2020 due to a vacancy left by Ayanna Pressley's election to the United States House of Representatives. Because Garrison was the next-place finisher in the 2017 Boston City Council election, Boston City Charter rules gave Garrison the right of first refusal to assume the seat vacated by Pressley.[7] Garrison lost her bid for re-election in November 2019.[8]
Background
Born in Hahira, Georgia,[1][9] as the youngest of seven children,[10][9][11] Garrison attended Hahira High School there.[1] Garrison moved to Boston to attend beauty school,[9] but went on to enroll in Newbury Junior College and received an associate degree there.[1][9] Garrison later received a B.S. degree in administration from Suffolk University, an M.S. degree in management from Lesley College, and a certificate in special studies in administration and management from Harvard University.[1][12]
According to records in the Suffolk County Probate Court, Garrison petitioned for a name change to Althea Garrison in 1976.[13] The petition stated that the name Althea Garrison "is consistent with petitioner's appearance and medical condition and is the name by which he [sic] will be known in the future."[13][14]
Besides her one term in the Massachusetts House, Garrison has worked as a clerk in human resources for the Massachusetts state comptroller's office, where she used her vacation time to run for office.[11] She served for four years on the Metropolitan Area Planning Council.[15]
Political career
Early years
In 1982 and 1986, Garrison ran unsuccessfully for the Massachusetts House of Representatives as a Democrat.[16] She ran unsuccessfully for Boston City Council in 1983, 1985, 1987, 1989, and 1991. During the 1991 campaign, the Boston Herald noted that she had run for office nine times,[17] although Garrison herself later described the race as her 10th or 11th bid for office.[18] In the 1991 race, Garrison finished in third place in the District 7 preliminary election.[19]
Massachusetts House
In 1992, Garrison ran successfully for the 5th Suffolk district in the Massachusetts House, representing the Dorchester and Roxbury areas of Boston. Garrison's 1992 election to the legislature was made possible in part by the fact that she challenged some of the signatures that the then-incumbent representative, Nelson Merced, had submitted to qualify for the Democratic primary ballot. Her challenge was successful and meant that Garrison did not have to run against an incumbent in the general election.[10] In the general election, Garrison defeated Democratic candidate Irene Roman, 2,451 votes to 2,014.[20]
The fact that Garrison had been formerly known as a male was not widely publicized until shortly after she was elected to the legislature.[10][13] When the Boston Herald asked whether she was a man, Garrison denied it and ended the conversation when asked about her past, including her name change.[13][4]
In the Massachusetts House, Garrison consistently voted in favor of labor unions, resulting in her being endorsed for re-election by the Massachusetts AFL-CIO[21] and eight unions.[16] On many votes, she voted with the Democrats in the legislature rather than with the Republicans.[16] However, she opposed same-sex marriage and abortion.[4]
Garrison was defeated in her 1994 bid for re-election by Democratic nominee Charlotte Golar Richie by a margin of 2,108 votes to 1,718.[22]
Unsuccessful bids for office
Garrison has run for office at least 44 times, all but once unsuccessfully.
List of offices sought (by year)
- 1982: 5th Suffolk district in the Massachusetts House as a Democratic candidate, finished third in the primary.[23]
- 1985: at-large seat in the 1985 Boston City Council election
- 1986: 5th Suffolk district in the Massachusetts House as an Democratic candidate, finished third in the primary.[23]
- 1987: at-large seat in the 1987 Boston City Council election
- 1988: 5th Suffolk district in the Massachusetts House as an independent candidate, losing 63.6% to 35.7% to Nelson Merced.[23]
- 1989: at-large seat in the 1989 Boston City Council election
- 1990: 5th Suffolk district in the Massachusetts House as a Republican candidate, losing 55.3% to 31.2% to Nelson Merced.[23]
- 1991: District 7 seat in the 1991 Boston City Council election
- 1995: District 7 seat in the 1995 Boston City Council election
- 1996: special election in the 1st Suffolk district in the Massachusetts Senate as a Republican candidate, losing 50.1% to 48.7% to Dick Czubinski in the primary.[23]
- 1998: 5th Suffolk district in the Massachusetts House as a Republican candidate, losing 54.9% to 45.1% to Charlotte Golar Richie.[23]
- 1997: District 7 seat in the 1997 Boston City Council election
- 1998: 5th Suffolk district in the Massachusetts House as a Democratic candidate, losing 58.5% to 41.5% to Charlotte Golar Richie in the primary.[23]
- 1999: District 7 seat in the 1999 Boston City Council election
- 1999: special election in the 5th Suffolk district in the Massachusetts House as a Democratic candidate, finishing third in the primary.[23]
- 2000: 5th Suffolk district in the Massachusetts House as an "Independent Progressive" candidate[24]
- 2001: 2001 Boston mayoral election[25]
- 2002: special election for the 1st Suffolk district in the Massachusetts Senate as a Republican[26]
- 2002: 1st Suffolk district in the Massachusetts Senate as a Republican candidate, losing in the primary 68.9% to 31.0% to Walter R. Campbell.[23]
- 2003: at-large seat in the 2003 Boston City Council election[15]
- 2005: at-large seat in the 2005 Boston City Council election[27]
- 2006: 5th Suffolk district in Massachusetts House as a Republican candidate[28]
- 2008: 1st Suffolk district in the Massachusetts Senate as an independent candidate, losing 79.0% to 25.0% to Jack Hart.[23]
- 2009: District 7 seat in the 2009 Boston City Council election
- 2010: 5th Suffolk district in the Massachusetts House, finishing third in the Democratic primary[29]
- 2011: special election to fill a vacancy on the Boston City Council, District 7,[30] eliminated in February preliminary election[31]
- 2011: District 7 seat in the 2011 Boston City Council election
- 2012: 5th Suffolk district in the Massachusetts House as an independent candidate, losing 77.6% to 21.7% to Carlos Henriquez.[23]
- 2013: at-large seat in the 2013 Boston City Council election
- 2014: 5th Suffolk district in the Massachusetts House as a Democratic candidate, losing in the primary 65.3% to 34.3% to Evandro Carvalho.[23]
- 2015: District 7 seat in the 2015 Boston City Council election
- 2016: 5th Suffolk district in the Massachusetts House as an independent candidate, losing 83.9% to 15.6% to Evandro Carvalho.[23]
- 2017: at-large seat in the 2017 Boston City Council election (fifth place, top four elected)
- 2018: 5th Suffolk district in the Massachusetts House as an independent candidate, losing 88.7% to 11% to Liz Miranda.[23]
- 2019: at-large seat in the 2019 Boston City Council election (seventh place, top four elected)[32]
- 2020: Register of Probate for Suffolk County, Massachusetts (third place)[33]
- 2021: at-large seat in the 2021 Boston City Council election
- 2022: 5th Suffolk district in the Massachusetts House as a Democratic candidate (third place)
- 2023: District 7 seat in the 2023 Boston City Council election
Office | Elections run | Primary election campaigns | General election campaigns |
---|---|---|---|
Massachusetts House | 19 | 15 campaigns, 5 successes 9 Democratic primaries 6 Republican primaries (5 successes) | 11 campaigns, 1 victory (Republican nominee 6x, independent candidate 5x) |
Massachusetts Senate | 4 | 3 campaigns, 2 successes 2 Republican primaries | 2 campaigns (Republican nominee 2x) |
Boston mayor (nonpartisan) | 1 | 1 campaign | — |
Boston City Council at-large council seat (nonpartisan) | 10 | 9 campaigns, 7 successes (note: 2017 election lacked a primary) | 8 campaigns |
Boston City Council district-constituency seat (nonpartisan) | 8 | 8 campaigns, 2 successes | 3 campaigns (2x on ballot, 1x as a write-in) |
Suffolk County Register of Probate | 1 | — | 1 campaign (independent candidate 1x) |
Republican State Committeewoman | 1 | — | 1 campaign |
Boston City Council tenure
Garrison took the at-large seat of former councillor Ayanna Pressley on the Boston City Council, as Pressley left the City Council following her November 2018 election to Congress from Massachusetts's 7th congressional district.[34] City rules require that vacancies for the at-large council seats are filled by the next-placed candidate in the previous election, which was Garrison in November 2017.[35] Garrison was sworn in on January 9, 2019.[36][37] Garrison claimed that she had, despite ideological differences, supported Pressley's campaign for the House of Representatives with the knowledge that, if Pressley were elected, Garrison would have the opportunity to be Pressley's City Council successor by virtue of her own finish in the previous city council election.[38]
Garrison differed ideologically from the rest of the city councilors. She was noted to be the only strong conservative on the Boston City Council. She was noted to be a strong supporter of then-president Donald Trump and an ardent backer of the Boston Police Department.[39] Around the time she joined the Boston City Council, Garrison described herself as an "independent conservative".[40] She once explained, "I'm basically a conservative, but I also have some liberal ideas," and also explained, "I am a conservative, I am independent also," calling herself "a Black conservative."[38] In a separate instance, she described herself and her voter base as being "moderate to conservative". She described her views as more closely aligned with the Republican Party than the Democratic Party.[41]
As a city councilor, Garrison supported reviving rent control in the city.[42][43] In April 2019, she introduced a home rule petition for the city to seek state permission to reinstate rent control in the city. The petition was heavily criticized by many fellow city council members.[43][44] She also voiced support for eviction control and price controls related to development.[41] Garrison was supportive of the controversial "Operation Clean Sweep" effort by the police in August 2019 which saw 34 arrests in a two-day period in the so-called "Methadone Mile".[43] Garrison proposed a pro-police resolution in the aftermath of Super Happy Fun America's 2019 "Straight Pride Parade" and unrest that occurred related to it.[45][46] Garrison opposed a proposal by Councilor Michelle Wu to generate revenue by imposing fees for residential parking permits. While believing that planning and development needed to be "community based", Garrison dismissed a proposal by Councilor Wu to abolish the current Boston Planning and Development Agency as merely being a ploy for reelection by Wu.[41]
In late-February 2019, Garrison proposed a measure to hold a hearing on the possibility of withholding city payments to the MBTA over the state of its service. At the time, the MBTA was proposing divisive fare increases. The measure was signed-onto by a majority of councilors. Councilor Michelle Wu had introduced a similar measure the year prior.[47]
Boston City Councilors can invite local religious leaders to deliver the City Council's convocation.[48] In her first turn to select the convocation, Garrison invited pastor and right-wing perennial candidate Roy Owens. Owens is vocally anti-LGBT.[48][49]
Garrison was a candidate for re-election in the November 2019 election, but finished seventh in the general election field of eight candidates.[50] In that election, she had urged voters to unseat the three other three sitting at-large city councilors (Michael F. Flaherty, Annissa Essaibi George, and Michelle Wu), and urged voters to "bullet vote" by casting a vote only for her in the at-large councilor column instead of voting for multiple (up to four) candidates.[41]
In December 2019, the lame duck Garrison was one of only three city councilors to vote against a home rule petition requesting the state allow the city to impose a real estate transfer tax.[51]
Personal life
Garrison is a transgender woman. After being outed by the Boston Herald in 1992, Garrison did not publicly discuss her gender identity until 2023, when she shared that she identifies as trans and had begun the process of socially and medically transitioning in the 1960s.[52] Before 2023, despite it being public knowledge that she was transgender, Garrison avoided publicly discussing the topic of her being a transgender individual,[53] and had not publicly identified herself as being transgender; merely identifying herself as a woman, without any further elaboration.[38]
Garrison is known not to embrace the use of technology,[54] remarking in 2018, "I don't do computers, I don't do technology."[38]
Garrison is also seen as adverse to granting the news media access to herself, with Quincy Walters of WBUR writing in a 2018 profile,
Garrison is suspicious of the media and rarely gives interviews. It's warranted. Back in 1992, a Boston Herald reporter confronted her with public records that indicated Garrison once went by a man's name. But Garrison has never identified as transgender. And some believe the public outing by the media contributed to her loss the next term.[38]
Electoral history
Massachusetts House
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Richard J. Rouse | 2,084 | 41.55 | |
Democratic | Daniel M. Hart | 2,041 | 40.69 | |
Democratic | Althea Garrison | 492 | 9.81 | |
Democratic | Richard M. Rolak | 294 | 5.86 | |
Democratic | Thomas R. Roffey | 35 | 0.70 | |
Write-in | Other | 70 | 1.40 | |
Total votes | 5,016 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Richard J. Rouse (incumbent) | 2,396 | 64.22 | |
Democratic | Michael G. Sylva | 853 | 22.86 | |
Democratic | Althea Garrison | 482 | 12.92 | |
Total votes | 3,731 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Nelson Merced | 3,268 | 63.61 | |
Independent | Althea Garrison | 1,836 | 35.73 | |
Write-in | Other | 34 | 0.66 | |
Total votes | 5,138 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Althea Garrison | 28 | 100 | |
Total votes | 28 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Nelson Merced (incumbent) | 2,215 | 55.28 | |
Republican | Althea Garrison | 1,249 | 31.17 | |
Independent | Philip K. Robertson Jr. | 543 | 13.55 | |
Total votes | 4,007 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Althea Garrison | 105 | 69.54 | |
Republican | Gunnar Hexum | 46 | 30.46 | |
Total votes | 151 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Althea Garrison | 2,479 | 54.91 | |
Democratic | Irene L. Roman | 2,031 | 44.98 | |
Write-in | Other | 5 | 0.11 | |
Total votes | 4,515 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Althea Garrison | 135 | 100 | |
Total votes | 135 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Charlotte Golar Richie | 2,101 | 54.94 | |
Republican | Althea Garrison (incumbent) | 1,723 | 45.06 | |
Total votes | 3,824 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Althea Garrison | 68 | 100 | |
Total votes | 68 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Charlotte Golar Richie (incumbent) | 3,684 | 68.69 | |
Republican | Althea Garrison | 1,666 | 31.07 | |
Write-in | Others | 13 | 0.24 | |
Total votes | 5,363 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Charlotte Golar Richie (incumbent) | 1,218 | 58.47 | |
Democratic | Althea Garrison | 865 | 41.53 | |
Total votes | 2,083 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Marie St. Fleur | 1,009 | 57.99 | |
Democratic | Barry Lawton | 361 | 20.75 | |
Democratic | Althea Garrison | 303 | 17.41 | |
Democratic | Bernard Wheeler | 67 | 3.85 | |
Total votes | 1,740 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Marie St. Fleur (incumbent) | 4,466 | 73.51 | |
Independent | Althea Garrison | 1,609 | 26.49 | |
Total votes | 6,075 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Althea Garrison | 65 | 91.55 | |
Write-in | Others | 6 | 8.45 | |
Total votes | 68 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Marie St. Fleur (incumbent) | 5,110 | 83.35 | |
Republican | Althea Garrison | 999 | 16.29 | |
Write-in | Others | 22 | 0.36 | |
Total votes | 6,131 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Carlos Henriquez | 719 | 35.42 | |
Democratic | Barry Lawton | 678 | 33.40 | |
Democratic | Althea Garrison | 400 | 19.70 | |
Democratic | Roy A. Owens | 226 | 11.13 | |
Write-in | Others | 7 | 0.35 | |
Total votes | 2,030 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Carlos Henriquez (incumbent) | 1,346 | 90.76 | |
Democratic | Althea Garrison | 63 | 4.25 | |
Write-in | Others | 74 | 4.99 | |
Total votes | 1,483 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Carlos Henriquez (incumbent) | 9,179 | 77.55 | |
Independent | Althea Garrison | 2,564 | 21.66 | |
Write-in | Others | 93 | 7.86 | |
Total votes | 11,836 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Evandro Carvalho | 961 | 49.08 | |
Democratic | Karen A. Charles-Peterson | 521 | 26.61 | |
Democratic | Barry Lawton | 190 | 9.70 | |
Democratic | Jennifer Anne Johnson | 151 | 7.71 | |
Democratic | Roy A. Owens | 89 | 4.55 | |
Democratic | Althea Garrison | 39 | 1.99 | |
Write-in | Others | 7 | 0.36 | |
Total votes | 1,958 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Evandro Carvalho | 739 | 91.24 | |
Write-in | Althea Garrison | 51 | 6.30 | |
Write-in | Others | 20 | 2.47 | |
Total votes | 810 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Evandro Carvalho (incumbent) | 1,637 | 65.30 | |
Democratic | Althea Garrison | 859 | 34.26 | |
Write-in | Others | 11 | 0.44 | |
Total votes | 2,507 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Althea Garrison | 54 | 96.43 | |
Write-in | Others | 2 | 3.57 | |
Total votes | 56 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Evandro Carvalho (incumbent) | 10,855 | 83.89 | |
Republican | Althea Garrison | 2,014 | 15.57 | |
Write-in | Others | 70 | 0.54 | |
Total votes | 12,939 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Liz Miranda | 8,527 | 88.70 | |
Independent | Althea Garrison | 1,053 | 10.95 | |
Write-in | Others | 33 | 0.34 | |
Total votes | 9,613 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Christopher J. Worrell | 1,667 | 41.50 | |
Democratic | Danielson Tavares | 1,274 | 31.72 | |
Democratic | Althea Garrison | 874 | 21.76 | |
Write-in | Others | 13 | 0.32 | |
Total votes | 4,017 | 100 |
Massachusetts Senate
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Althea Garrison | 128 | 98.46 | |
Write-in | Other | 2 | 0.15 | |
Total votes | 130 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Jack Hart | 4,632 | 95.47 | |
Republican | Althea Garrison | 217 | 4.47 | |
Write-in | Other | 3 | 0.06 | |
Total votes | 4,852 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Walter R. Campbell | 820 | 68.91 | |
Republican | Althea Garrison | 369 | 31.01 | |
Write-in | Other | 1 | 0.08 | |
Total votes | 1,190 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Write-in | Althea Garrison | 1 | 0.89 | |
Write-in | Other | 111 | 99.11 | |
Total votes | 112 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Jack Hart (incumbent) | 9,355 | 98.21 | |
Republican | Althea Garrison | 23 | 0.24 | |
Write-in | Other | 148 | 1.55 | |
Total votes | 9,526 | 100 |
Boston mayor
2001 Boston mayoral election | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Candidates | Preliminary Election[86] | General Election[86] | ||
Votes | % | Votes | % | |
Thomas Menino (incumbent) | 31,715 | 73.37 | 68,011 | 76.06 |
Peggy Davis-Mullen | 9,958 | 23.04 | 21,393 | 23.93 |
Althea Garrison | 1,552 | 3.59 |
Boston City Council
1983 Boston City Council at-large election | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Candidates[87] | Preliminary Election[88][89] | General Election[90] | ||
Votes | % | Votes | % | |
Michael J. McCormack (incumbent) | 52,315 | 12.3% | 87,143 | 16.0% |
Christopher A. Iannella (incumbent) | 66,647 | 15.6% | 85,204 | 15.7% |
Joseph M. Tierney (incumbent) | 62,850 | 14.7% | 82,600 | 15.2% |
Dapper O'Neil (incumbent) | 64,410 | 15.1% | 79,086 | 14.6% |
Terence P. McDermott (incumbent) | 61,436 | 14.4% | 77,096 | 14.2% |
Jean Sullivan McKeigue | 48,265 | 11.3% | 73,064 | 13.4% |
Willie Mae Allen | 21,369 | 5.0% | 32,556 | 6.0% |
Althea Garrison | 19,908 | 4.7% | 26,564 | 4.9% |
Joseph Mirisola | 14,914 | 3.5% | ||
Leslie F. Payne | 14,199 | 3.3% |
1985 Boston City Council at-large election | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Candidates[91] | Preliminary Election[92] | General Election[93] | ||
Votes | % | Votes | % | |
Dapper O'Neil (incumbent) | 22,792 | 19.1% | 36,686 | 18.8% |
Joseph M. Tierney (incumbent) | 17,014 | 14.3% | 34,427 | 17.6% |
Christopher A. Iannella (incumbent) | 19,183 | 16.1% | 33,883 | 17.3% |
Michael J. McCormack (incumbent) | 17,329 | 14.5% | 27,976 | 14.3% |
Frederick C. Langone | 16,900 | 14.2% | 26,365 | 13.5% |
Michael W. Kane | 10,018 | 8.4% | 17,175 | 8.8% |
Willie Mae Allen | 6268 | 5.3% | 12,533 | 6.4% |
Althea Garrison | 3565 | 3.0% | 6402 | 3.3% |
Kenneth C. Davis | 2130 | 1.8% | ||
John P. Scialdone | 1588 | 1.3% | ||
Richard A. Black | 972 | 0.8% | ||
Little L. Pittman | 808 | 0.7% | ||
Edward P. Malik | 723 | 0.6% |
1987 Boston City Council at-large election | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Candidates[94] | Preliminary Election[95] | General Election[96] | ||
Votes | % | Votes | % | |
Dapper O'Neil (incumbent) | 29,052 | 16.3% | 47,817 | 17.0% |
Christopher A. Iannella (incumbent) | 23,906 | 13.4% | 45,472 | 16.1% |
Rosaria Salerno | 19,346 | 10.8% | 39,089 | 13.9% |
Michael J. McCormack (incumbent) | 16,793 | 9.4% | 36,326 | 12.9% |
Joseph W. Casper | 15,694 | 8.8% | 32,548 | 11.5% |
Frederick C. Langone | 19,521 | 10.9% | 30,447 | 10.8% |
Michael W. Kane | 13,678 | 7.7% | 27,573 | 9.8% |
Stephen J. Murphy | 13,309 | 7.4% | 22,744 | 8.1% |
Kevin A. McCluskey | 11,431 | 6.4% | ||
Althea Garrison | 6669 | 3.7% | ||
Edward T. Kelley | 5123 | 2.9% | ||
David J. McKay | 4198 | 2.3% |
1989 Boston City Council at-large election | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Candidates[97] | Preliminary Election[98] | General Election[99] | ||
Votes | % | Votes | % | |
Dapper O'Neil (incumbent) | 21,764 | 17.2% | 40,106 | 17.6% |
Christopher A. Iannella (incumbent) | 20,142 | 15.9% | 38,357 | 16.9% |
Rosaria Salerno (incumbent) | 19,478 | 15.4% | 35,654 | 15.7% |
Michael J. McCormack (incumbent) | 19,073 | 15.1% | 31,170 | 13.7% |
John A. Nucci | 14,646 | 11.6% | 30,466 | 13.4% |
John N. Flanagan | 13,676 | 10.8% | 22,359 | 9.8% |
Joseph W. Casper | 10,103 | 8.0% | 18,069 | 7.9% |
Althea Garrison | 5042 | 4.0% | 11,281 | 5.0% |
Glenn Fiscus | 2365 | 1.9% |
1991 Boston City Council district 7 election | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Candidates[100] | Preliminary Election[101] | General Election[102] | ||
Votes | % | Votes | % | |
Anthony Crayton | 836 | 18.7% | 3129 | 57.5% |
Roy A. Owens | 974 | 21.8% | 2314 | 42.5% |
Althea Garrison | 703 | 15.7% | ||
Ben Haith | 691 | 15.4% | ||
James A. West | 666 | 14.9% | ||
Hattie Dudley | 395 | 8.8% | ||
Natalie E. Carithers | 211 | 4.7% |
1995 Boston City Council district 7 election | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Candidates[103] | Preliminary Election[104] | General Election[105] | ||
Votes | % | Votes | % | |
Gareth R. Saunders (incumbent) | 1262 | 55.4% | 2361 | 62.1% |
Althea Garrison | 553 | 24.3% | 1441 | 37.9% |
Roy A. Owens | 254 | 11.2% | ||
Moses E. Wilson Jr. | 209 | 9.2% |
1997 Boston City Council district 7 election | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Candidates[106] | Preliminary Election[107] | General Election[108] | ||
Votes | % | Votes | % | |
Gareth R. Saunders (incumbent) | 851 | 40.5% | 2278 | 61.4% |
Althea Garrison | 360 | 17.1% | 1430 | 38.6% |
Roy A. Owens | 349 | 16.6% | ||
Anthony Crayton | 341 | 16.2% | ||
Robert L. Terrell | 200 | 9.5% |
1999 Boston City Council district 7 election | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Candidates[109] | Preliminary Election[110] | General Election[111] | ||
Votes | % | Votes | % | |
Chuck Turner | 1153 | 33.9% | 2419 | 58.4% |
Tracy Litthcut | 590 | 17.3% | 1726 | 41.6% |
Julio Henriquez | 339 | 10.0% | ||
Roy A. Owens | 314 | 9.2% | ||
Althea Garrison | 282 | 8.3% | ||
Anthony Crayton | 255 | 7.5% | ||
Hassan Ali Williams | 122 | 3.6% | ||
Richard Masterson | 115 | 3.4% | ||
Scotland Willis | 70 | 2.1% | ||
Kenneth Yarbrough | 65 | 1.9% | ||
Roger Garvin | 51 | 1.5% | ||
Thelma Barros | 47 | 1.4% |
2003 Boston City Council at-large election | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidates[112] | Preliminary Election[113][114] | General Election[115][116] | ||||
Votes | % | Votes | % | |||
Michael F. Flaherty (incumbent) | 20,307 | 18.21 | 36,387 | 18.33 | ||
Felix D. Arroyo (incumbent) | 14,379 | 12.89 | 34,685 | 17.48 | ||
Maura Hennigan (incumbent) | 15,916 | 14.27 | 33,596 | 16.93 | ||
Stephen J. Murphy (incumbent) | 17,597 | 15.78 | 30,510 | 15.37 | ||
Patricia H. White | 16,439 | 14.74 | 29,649 | 14.94 | ||
Matt O'Malley | 7,025 | 6.30 | 12,929 | 6.51 | ||
Althea Garrison | 5,050 | 4.53 | 10,524 | 5.30 | ||
Roy Owens | 4,356 | 3.91 | 10,204 | 5.14 | ||
Jacquelyne Payne-Thompson | 2,723 | 2.44 | ||||
Phyllis Yetman Igoe | 1,940 | 1.74 | ||||
Edward Puglielli | 1,705 | 1.53 | ||||
Laura Garza | 1,604 | 1.44 | ||||
Arthur "Lucky" Craffey | 1,594 | 1.43 | ||||
Joseph Anthony Ureneck | 907 | 0.81 |
2005 Boston City Council at-large election | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Candidates | Preliminary Election[117] | General Election[118] | ||
Votes | % | Votes | % | |
Michael F. Flaherty (incumbent) | 17,828 | 13.90 | 49,220 | 17.58 |
Felix D. Arroyo (incumbent) | 15,690 | 12.23 | 43,533 | 15.55 |
Sam Yoon | 13,165 | 10.27 | 41,891 | 14.96 |
Stephen J. Murphy (incumbent) | 14,094 | 10.99 | 35,553 | 12.70 |
John R. Connolly | 14,287 | 11.14 | 31,629 | 11.30 |
Matt O'Malley | 12,070 | 9.41 | 28,318 | 10.12 |
Patricia H. White | 12,895 | 10.05 | 26,999 | 9.64 |
Edward M. Flynn | 11,092 | 8.65 | 21,778 | 7.78 |
Althea Garrison | 4824 | 3.76 | ||
Kevin R. Mccrea | 3661 | 2.85 | ||
Roy Owens | 3622 | 2.82 | ||
Laura Garza | 1807 | 1.41 | ||
Gregory Joseph O'Connell | 1174 | 0.92 | ||
Martin J. Hogan | 1031 | 0.80 | ||
Joseph Ready | 675 | 0.53 | ||
Joseph Ureneck | 17† | 0.01 | 133† | 0.05 |
Gibran Rivera | 17† | 0.01 | ||
all others | 297 | 0.23 | 874 | 0.31 |
† write-in votes
2009 Boston City Council district 7 election | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Candidates | Preliminary Election[119] | General Election[120] | ||
Votes | % | Votes | % | |
Chuck Turner (incumbent) | 3,648 | 52.57 | 5,521 | 59.83 |
Carlos Henriquez | 1,659 | 23.91 | 3,644 | 39.49 |
Althea Garrison | 995 | 14.34 | ||
Roy Owens | 610 | 8.79 |
Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|
Tito Jackson | 2,829 | 81.98 | |
Cornell Mills | 557 | 16.14 | |
Althea Garrison (write-in) | 46 | 1.33 | |
all others | 19 | 0.55 | |
Total votes | 3,451 | 100 |
2011 Boston City Council district 7 election | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Candidates | Preliminary Election[122] | General Election[123] | ||
Votes | % | Votes | % | |
Tito Jackson (incumbent) | 1,876 | 76.07 | 4,818 | 84.35 |
Sheneal Parker | 273 | 11.07 | 799 | 13.99 |
Althea Garrison | 216 | 8.76 | 47† | 0.82 |
Roy Owens | 85 | 3.45 | ||
all others | 16† | 0.65 | 48† | 0.84 |
Total | 2,466 | 100 | 5,712 | 100 |
† write-in votes
2013 Boston City Council at-large election | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Candidates | Preliminary Election[124] | General Election[125] | ||
Votes | % | Votes | % | |
Ayanna Pressley (incumbent) | 42,915 | 16.71 | 60,799 | 18.30 |
Michelle Wu | 29,384 | 11.44 | 59,741 | 17.98 |
Michael F. Flaherty | 39,904 | 15.54 | 55,104 | 16.59 |
Stephen J. Murphy (incumbent) | 31,728 | 12.35 | 44,993 | 13.54 |
Annissa Essaibi George | 12,244 | 4.77 | 30,538 | 9.19 |
Jeffrey Michael Ross | 13,939 | 5.43 | 28,879 | 8.69 |
Martin J. Keogh | 15,743 | 6.13 | 26,500 | 7.98 |
Jack F. Kelly III | 11,909 | 4.64 | 23,967 | 7.22 |
Catherine M. O'Neill | 10,952 | 4.26 | ||
Althea Garrison | 10,268 | 4.00 | ||
Ramon Soto | 9928 | 3.87 | ||
Philip Arthur Frattaroli | 5832 | 2.27 | ||
Gareth R. Saunders | 5363 | 2.09 | ||
Christopher J. Conroy | 3433 | 1.34 | ||
Seamus M. Whelan | 3118 | 1.21 | ||
Francisco L. White | 2745 | 1.07 | ||
Douglas D. Wohn | 2382 | 0.93 | ||
Frank John Addivinola Jr. | 2240 | 0.87 | ||
Keith B. Kenyon | 1950 | 0.76 | ||
Jamarhl Crawford | 21† | 0.01 | ||
all others | 832 | 0.32 | 1658 | 0.50 |
† write-in votes
2015 Boston City Council district 7 election | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Candidates | Preliminary Election[126] | General Election[127] | ||
Votes | % | Votes | % | |
Tito Jackson (incumbent) | 1409 | 66.40 | 2983 | 66.64 |
Charles L. Clemons Jr. | 381 | 17.95 | 1444 | 32.26 |
Haywood Fennell Sr. | 104 | 4.90 | ||
Althea Garrison | 98 | 4.62 | 16† | 0.36 |
Roy Owens | 74 | 3.49 | ||
Kevin A. Dwire | 34 | 1.60 | ||
all others | 22 | 1.04 | 33 | 0.74 |
† write-in votes
Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|
Michelle Wu (incumbent) | 65,040 | 24.47 | |
Ayanna Pressley (incumbent) | 57,520 | 21.64 | |
Michael F. Flaherty (incumbent) | 51,673 | 19.44 | |
Annissa Essaibi George (incumbent) | 45,564 | 17.14 | |
Althea Garrison | 18,253 | 6.87 | |
Domingos Darosa | 11,647 | 4.38 | |
William A. King | 8,773 | 3.30 | |
Pat Payaso | 6,124 | 2.30 | |
all others | 1,230 | 0.46 |
2019 Boston at-large City Council election | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Primary election[129] | General election[130] | ||
Votes | % | Votes | % | |
Michelle Wu (incumbent) | 26,622 | 19.41 | 41,664 | 20.73 |
Annissa Essaibi George (incumbent) | 18,993 | 13.85 | 34,109 | 16.97 |
Michael F. Flaherty (incumbent) | 18,766 | 13.68 | 33,284 | 16.56 |
Julia Mejia | 10,799 | 7.87 | 22,492 | 11.19 |
Alejandra Nicole St. Guillen | 11,910 | 8.68 | 22,491 | 11.19 |
Erin J. Murphy | 9,385 | 6.84 | 16,867 | 8.39 |
Althea Garrison (incumbent) | 9,720 | 7.09 | 16,189 | 8.05 |
David Halbert | 6,354 | 4.76 | 13,214 | 6.57 |
Martin Marty Keogh | 6,246 | 4.55 | ||
Jeffrey Michael Ross | 5,078 | 3.70 | ||
Priscilla E. Flint-Banks | 4,094 | 2.98 | ||
Domingos DaRosa | 2,840 | 2.07 | ||
Michel Denis | 2,108 | 1.54 | ||
William A. King | 1,809 | 1.32 | ||
Herb Alexander Lozano | 1,510 | 1.10 | ||
all others | 766 | 0.56 | 704 | 0.35 |
2021 Boston City Council at-large election | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Primary election[131] | General election[132] | ||
Votes | % | Votes | % | |
Michael F. Flaherty (incumbent) | 41,509 | 15.00 | 62,602 | 17.42 |
Julia Mejia (incumbent) | 38,919 | 14.07 | 62,058 | 17.27 |
Ruthzee Louijeune | 33,546 | 12.12 | 54,898 | 15.28 |
Erin J. Murphy | 22,938 | 8.29 | 43,076 | 11.99 |
David Halbert | 17,012 | 6.15 | 42,765 | 11.90 |
Carla B. Monteiro | 18,911 | 6.83 | 39,876 | 11.10 |
Bridget M. Nee-Walsh | 15,191 | 5.49 | 27,591 | 7.68 |
Althea Garrison | 16,906 | 6.11 | 25,078 | 6.98 |
Kelly F. Bates | 12787 | 4.62 | ||
Alexander J. Gray | 11,320 | 4.09 | ||
Jon M. Spillane | 11,217 | 4.05 | ||
Said A. Abdikarim | 7,767 | 2.81 | ||
Domingos Darosa | 7,011 | 2.53 | ||
Donnie Dionico Palmer Jr. | 6,861 | 2.48 | ||
Roy A. Owens Sr. | 5,265 | 1.90 | ||
James Rignald Colimon | 4,693 | 1.70 | ||
Nick Vance | 3,968 | 1.43 | ||
Write-ins | 873 | 0.32 | 1,350 | 0.38 |
Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|
Tania Fernandes Anderson (incumbent) | 3,710 | 97.81 | |
Althea Garrison | 1,500 | 28.45 | |
Write-ins | 63 | 1.19 | |
Total votes | 5,273 | 100 |
Suffolk County Register of Probate
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Felix D. Arroyo (incumbent) | 207,828 | 76.76 | |
Independent | Melissa Tyler | 31,043 | 11.47 | |
Independent | Althea Garrison | 30,303 | 11.19 | |
Write-in | Other | 1,565 | 0.58 | |
Total votes | 270,739 | 100 |
Republican State Committee Woman
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Suzananne Ianella | 1,140 | 63.58 | |
Republican | George B. Gibbons | 324 | 18.07 | |
Republican | Althea Garrison | 323 | 18.02 | |
Write-in | Others | 6 | 0.34 | |
Total votes | 1,793 | 100 |
See also
- Stacie Laughton, first out transgender person to be elected to state legislature (but resigned before being sworn in)
- Danica Roem, first out transgender person to be elected and serve in a state legislature
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 O'Neill, Edward B.; MacQueen, Robert E. (1993). 1993–1994 Public Officers of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Boston: General Court of Massachusetts. p. 132. Retrieved October 20, 2010.
- ↑ Eaklor, Vicki L. (2008). Queer America: A GLBT History of the 20th Century. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p. 212. ISBN 978-0-313-33749-9. Retrieved October 20, 2010.
The nineties also saw the first openly transgender person in a state office, Althea Garrison, elected in 1992 but serving only one term in Massachusetts' House.
- ↑ Haider-Markel, Donald P. (2010). Out and Running: Gay and Lesbian Candidates, Elections, and Policy Representation. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. p. 86. ISBN 978-1-58901-699-6. Retrieved October 20, 2010.
- 1 2 3 Osberg, Molly (November 8, 2017). "The Tragic Story of Althea Garrison, the First Trans Person to Hold State Office in America". Splinter. Retrieved January 19, 2018.
- ↑ Larocque, Marc (February 3, 2008). "On primary day, they'll elect to not vote". The Boston Globe. Retrieved October 20, 2010.
- ↑ Gintautus, Dumcius (October 7, 2010). "Reporter's Notebook: An endorsement, and another Fifth Suffolk write-in campaign". Dorchester Reporter. Retrieved October 20, 2010.
- ↑ Valencia, Milton (September 6, 2018). "Finally, Althea Garrison will be a city councilor". The Boston Globe. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
- ↑ "City of Boston – Unofficial Results – UPDATED November 5, 2019 – Municipal Election" (PDF). City of Boston. November 13, 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 19, 2019. Retrieved November 29, 2019.
- 1 2 3 4 Schweitzer, Sarah (September 21, 2001). "Garrison Undeterred by Long Odds". The Boston Globe. pp. B1, B14. Retrieved January 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
- 1 2 3 Reilly, Adam (September 23, 2005). "The compulsive candidate: What makes Althea Garrison run?". The Boston Phoenix. Archived from the original on February 5, 2010. Retrieved October 20, 2010.
- 1 2 Levenson, Michael (January 10, 2019). "Althea Garrison finally takes her seat on the Boston City Council – The Boston Globe". BostonGlobe.com. Boston Globe. Retrieved January 10, 2019.
- ↑ "Race for City Council: Althea Garrison". The Boston Globe. September 4, 1999. p. B2. Retrieved January 15, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
- 1 2 3 4 Fehrnstrom, Eric (November 5, 1992). "New state rep leaves questions about past life unanswered". The Boston Herald. p. 29.
- ↑ Woodlief, Wayne (May 27, 1999). "Lawton best choice in 5th District race". The Boston Herald. p. 35. Archived from the original on July 13, 2012. Retrieved January 15, 2023.
- 1 2 Talcott, Sasha (October 27, 2003). "Activist Chases an Elusive Dream: Quest Continues for Public Office". The Boston Globe. p. B2.
- 1 2 3 Kenney, Michael (October 9, 1994). "Garrison hopes to show win no fluke: Faces tough fight from Golar Richie to keep 5th Suffolk seat". The Boston Globe. p. 1.
- ↑ Estes, Andrea (September 18, 1991). "Most talked about pol in Dist. 7 running a different race". Boston Herald. p. 10.
- ↑ Carr, Howie (October 9, 1991). "Crop of young up-&-coming pols keep tradition alive". Boston Herald. p. 12.
- ↑ Estes, Andrea (September 25, 1991). "Perennial Owens wins chance at Bolling seat". Boston Herald. p. 8.
- ↑ Brown, Laura (November 5, 1992). "Hub voters break tradition & elect Republican state rep". Boston Herald. p. 10.
- ↑ "Rumors don't undermine Garrison's power". Boston Herald. August 15, 1994. p. 14.
- ↑ Kenney, Michael (November 13, 1994). "'95's new looks for Beacon Hill". The Boston Globe. p. 4.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 "PD43+ » 2018 State Representative General Election 5th Suffolk District". PD43+. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
- ↑ Jonas, Michael (October 15, 2000). "Incumbents Taking Nothing for Granted". The Boston Globe. p. 2.
- ↑ Ebbert, Stephanie; Schweitzer, Sarah (September 26, 2001). "Menino Easily Wins Preliminary: Davis-Mullen Takes 22.5 Percent in Low Turnout". The Boston Globe. p. B1.
- ↑ Tangney, Chris (February 13, 2002). "Hart Wins Election to Senate in Landslide". The Boston Globe. p. B12.
- ↑ Rothstein, Kevin (September 27, 2005). "City Hall Showdown: Today's preliminary vote will trim council field". Boston Herald. p. 4.
- ↑ McNamara, Eileen (September 10, 2006). "It's Time for the Truth". The Boston Globe. p. B1.
- ↑ "Democratic Primary Results, 09/14/2010 State Primary" (PDF). Massachusetts Elections Division. p. 25. Retrieved October 20, 2010.
- ↑ Brown, Bridgit (February 10, 2011). "District 7 campaign pulls crowded field". The Bay State Banner. Boston. Archived from the original on July 7, 2011. Retrieved February 13, 2011.
- ↑ "City of Boston Special Preliminary Municipal Election – February 15, 2011 City Councillor District 7" (PDF). City of Boston Election Department. 2011. Retrieved July 25, 2011.
- ↑ "Boston votes for diversity with one seat still contested". MSN. Archived from the original on November 6, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
- ↑ "Municipal elections in Suffolk County, Massachusetts (2020)". ballotpedia.org. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
- ↑ "Congresswoman-Elect Ayanna Pressley, the City Council will Miss You!". boston.gov. December 7, 2018. Retrieved January 3, 2019.
- ↑ "Finally, Althea Garrison will be a city councillor". Boston Globe. September 6, 2018. Retrieved September 6, 2018.
- ↑ "Althea Garrison". Boston.gov. January 10, 2019. Retrieved January 12, 2019.
- ↑ "Althea Garrison Is Sworn-In To Boston City Council". www.wbur.org. WBUR. January 9, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Walters, Quincy (September 13, 2018). "Doing It 'Her Way': Althea Garrison Finds Herself On The Verge Of Public Office Again". www.wbur.org. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
- ↑ Carr, Howie (September 21, 2019). "Boston City Council's only conservative, Althea Garrison, wrangles for re-election". Boston Herald. Retrieved September 15, 2021.
- ↑ "78-Year-Old Conservative Althea Garrison Replaces Ayanna Pressley in Boston City Council". NBC Boston. January 9, 2019. Retrieved September 15, 2021.
- 1 2 3 4 Trojano, Katie (October 24, 2019). "Garrison: Vote just for me, not any of the others | Dorchester Reporter". www.dotnews.com. Dorchester Reporter. Retrieved July 29, 2023.
- ↑ Valencia, Milton J.; April 12, Updated (April 12, 2019). "In City Council debate over rent control, the old guard faces the new class – The Boston Globe". The Boston Globe. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - 1 2 3 Gavin, Christopher (October 10, 2019). "'I am the independent candidate': Althea Garrison takes swings at fellow city councilors at forum". www.boston.com. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
- ↑ Gavin, Christopher (April 11, 2019). "A rent control battle is brewing on the Boston City Council". www.boston.com. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
- ↑ Cotter, Sean Phillip (September 11, 2019). "Council clashes over resolution supporting Hub cops following Straight Pride Parade". Boston Herald. Retrieved November 20, 2022.
- ↑ Thompson, Isaiah (September 11, 2019). "Boston Councilor Proposes Banning Masks At Protests". WGBH. Retrieved November 20, 2022.
- ↑ Lisinski, Chris (February 28, 2019). "Boston councilors want hearing on withholding payments to MBTA". WCVB. Retrieved July 29, 2023.
- 1 2 "Satanists can't get an invitation to lead the Boston City Council in a convocation, but one virulent homophobe can". Universal Hub. March 6, 2019. Archived from the original on March 7, 2019.
- ↑ Bedford, Tori (October 27, 2021). "Boston Council Race Pits Trailblazer Against Perennial Candidate". www.wgbh.org. WGBH. Retrieved April 10, 2023.
- ↑ "BOSTON MUNICIPAL ELECTION NOVEMBER 2019". boston.gov. October 3, 2016. Retrieved November 5, 2019.
- ↑ Brown, Sarah (December 16, 2019). "Boston City Council Approves Real Estate Transfer Fee – NorthEndWaterfront.com". NorthEndWaterfront.com. Retrieved July 29, 2023.
- ↑ Sosin, Kate (October 19, 2023). "After 30 years of silence, Althea Garrison is claiming her place in LGBTQ+ history". The 19th. Retrieved October 29, 2023.
- ↑ "Media Faces A Delicate Issue In Covering Boston City Councilor Althea Garrison". News. January 11, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
- ↑ Haynes, Crystal (January 9, 2019). "Althea Garrison sworn in, fills City Council seat vacated by Ayanna Pressley". Boston 25 News. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
- ↑ "1982 State Representative Democratic Primary 5th Suffolk District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
- ↑ "1986 State Representative Democratic Primary 5th Suffolk District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
- ↑ "1988 State Representative General Election 5th Suffolk District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
- ↑ "1990 State Representative Republican Primary 5th Suffolk District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
- ↑ "1990 State Representative General Election 5th Suffolk District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
- ↑ "1992 State Representative Republican Primary 5th Suffolk District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
- ↑ "1992 State Representative General Election 5th Suffolk District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
- ↑ "1994 State Representative Republican Primary 5th Suffolk District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
- ↑ "1994 State Representative General Election 5th Suffolk District". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
- ↑ "1996 State Representative Republican Primary 5th Suffolk District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
- ↑ "1996 State Representative General Election 5th Suffolk District". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
- ↑ "1998 State Representative Democratic Primary". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
- ↑ "1999 State Representative Special Democratic Primary 5th Suffolk District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
- ↑ "2000 State Representative General Election 5th Suffolk District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
- ↑ "2006 State Representative Republican Primary 5th Suffolk District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
- ↑ "2006 State Representative General Election 5th Suffolk District". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
- ↑ "2010 State Representative Democratic Primary 5th Suffolk District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
- ↑ "2012 State Representative Democratic Primary 5th Suffolk District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
- ↑ "2012 State Representative General Election 5th Suffolk District". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
- ↑ "2014 State Representative Special Democratic Primary 5th Suffolk District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
- ↑ "2014 State Representative Special General Election 5th Suffolk District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
- ↑ "2014 State Representative Democratic Primary 5th Suffolk District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
- ↑ "2016 State Representative Republican Primary 5th Suffolk District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
- ↑ "2016 State Representative General Election 5th Suffolk District". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
- ↑ "PD43+ » 2018 State Representative General Election 5th Suffolk District". electionstats.state.ma.us. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved November 20, 2022.
- ↑ "PD43+ » 2022 State Representative Democratic Primary 5th Suffolk District". electionstats.state.ma.us. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 2022. Retrieved November 20, 2022.
- ↑ "2002 State Senate Special Republican Primary 1st Suffolk District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
- ↑ "2002 State Senate Special General Election 1st Suffolk District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
- ↑ "2002 State Senate Republican Primary 1st Suffolk District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
- ↑ "2008 State Senate Republican Primary 1st Suffolk District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
- ↑ "2008 State Senate General Election 1st Suffolk District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
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- ↑ "It's official: election results show 18% Boston turnout". The Boston Globe. September 29, 1989. Retrieved January 16, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ Mooney, Brian C.; Marantz, Steve (November 9, 1989). "Officials: Nucci loss margin is 704 votes". The Boston Globe. p. 65. Retrieved January 16, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ Howe, Peter J. (September 25, 1991). "Brighton rematch on tap in district council races". The Boston Globe. p. 29. Retrieved January 16, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
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- ↑ "City Council district members". The Boston Globe. November 6, 1991. p. 32. Retrieved January 16, 2023 – via Newspapers.co.
- ↑ "A guide to Boston's municipal election on Nov. 7". The Boston Globe. October 29, 1995. p. 248. Retrieved January 16, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ "Boston City Council preliminary election". The Boston Globe. September 20, 1995. p. 27. Retrieved January 16, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ "District City Councilor final election". The Boston Globe. November 8, 1995. p. 24. Retrieved January 16, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ "At-large, district candidates in the Boston City Council election City Council At-Large". The Boston Globe. November 2, 1997. p. 6. Retrieved January 16, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ Flint, Anthony (September 24, 1997). "Unlucky day for Diane Modica, No. 13 on ballot East Boston incumbent is outpolled by Scapicchio". The Boston Globe. p. B.2. Retrieved January 16, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ Flint, Anthony (November 5, 1997). "Newcomer Paul Scapicchio ousts Modica". The Boston Globe. p. B.4. Retrieved January 16, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ Flint, Anthony (November 1, 1999). "Voter turnout level will tell who gets seats on City Council". The Boston Globe. pp. B.1, B.5. Retrieved January 16, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ "Boston Preliminary Election results". The Boston Globe. September 22, 1999. p. B.6. Retrieved January 16, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ Flint, Anthony; Abraham, Yvonne (November 3, 1999). "Time to go, voters tell 'Dapper': Flaherty unseats councilor O'Neil". The Boston Globe. pp. A.1, B.7. Retrieved January 16, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ "Council candidates". The Boston Globe. September 21, 2003. p. 244. Retrieved January 16, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ Dade, Corey; Greenberger, Scott S. (September 25, 2003). "Allies find themselves rivals for council spot". The Boston Globe. p. B.1, B.6. Retrieved January 16, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ "Boston City Councillor – At-Large – Primary". ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved March 9, 2018.
- ↑ Klein, Rick (November 5, 2003). "Councilors keep seats; White loses: Arroyo, Hennigan, Flaherty reelected". The Boston Globe. p. A.1, B.4. Retrieved January 16, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ "Boston City Councillor – At-Large". ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved March 9, 2018.
- ↑ "CITY OF BOSTON PRELIMINARY MUNICIPAL ELECTION – SEPTEMBER 27, 2005 CITY COUNCILLOR AT LARGE" (PDF). cityofboston.gov. Retrieved February 19, 2018.
- ↑ "CITY OF BOSTON MUNICIPAL ELECTION – NOVEMBER 8, 2005 CITY COUNCILLOR AT LARGE" (PDF). cityofboston.gov. Retrieved February 19, 2018.
- ↑ "Preliminary Municipal Election – City Councillor District 7" (PDF). City of Boston.gov. City of Boston. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 2, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2011.
- ↑ "Municipal Election – City Councillor District 7" (PDF). City of Boston.gov. City of Boston. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved June 6, 2011.
- ↑ "CITY OF BOSTON SPECIAL MUNICIPAL ELECTION – March 15, 2011 CITY COUNCILOR DISTRICT 7" (PDF). cityofboston.gov. City of Boston. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
- ↑ "CITY OF BOSTON PRELIMINARY MUNICIPAL ELECTION – SEPTEMBER 27, 2011 CITY COUNCILOR DISTRICT 7" (PDF). cityofboston.gov. City of Boston. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
- ↑ "CITY OF BOSTON MUNICIPAL ELECTION – NOVEMBER 8, 2011 CITY COUNCILOR DISTRICT 7" (PDF). cityofboston.gov. City of Boston. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
- ↑ "CITY OF BOSTON PRELIMINARY MUNICIPAL ELECTION – SEPTEMBER 24, 2013 CITY COUNCILLOR AT LARGE" (PDF). cityofboston.gov. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
- ↑ "CITY OF BOSTONMUNICIPAL ELECTION – NOVEMBER 5, 2013 CITY COUNCILLOR AT LARGE" (PDF). cityofboston.gov. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
- ↑ "CITY OF BOSTON PRELIMINARY MUNICIPAL ELECTION – SEPTEMBER 8, 2015 CITY COUNCILLOR DISTRICT 7" (PDF). cityofboston.gov. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
- ↑ "CITY OF BOSTON MUNICIPAL ELECTION – NOVEMBER 3, 2015 CITY COUNCILLOR DISTRICT 7" (PDF). cityofboston.gov. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
- ↑ "CITY OF BOSTON MUNICIPAL ELECTION – NOVEMBER 7, 2017 CITY COUNCILLOR AT LARGE" (PDF). cityofboston.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 9, 2018. Retrieved February 18, 2018.
- ↑ "CITY COUNCILLOR AT LARGE" (PDF). City of Boston. September 24, 2019. Retrieved November 5, 2019 – via boston.gov.
- ↑ "CITY OF BOSTON MUNICIPAL ELECTION – NOVEMBER 5, 2019 – RECOUNT CITY COUNCILLOR AT LARGE" (PDF). www.boston.gov. City of Boston. Retrieved September 6, 2021.
- ↑ "CITY OF BOSTON PRELIMINARY MUNICIPAL ELECTION - SEPTEMBER 14, 2021 CITY COUNCILLOR AT LARGE" (PDF). www.boston.gov. City of Boston. 2021. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
- ↑ "CITY OF BOSTON MUNICIPAL ELECTION - NOVEMBER 2, 2021 CITY COUNCILLOR AT LARGE" (PDF). www.boston.gov. City of Boston. 2021. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
- ↑ "Unofficial Election Results". Boston.gov. December 29, 2023. Archived from the original on December 29, 2023. Retrieved January 6, 2024.
- ↑ "2020 Register of Probate General Election Suffolk County". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
- ↑ "1996 Republican State Committee Woman 1st Suffolk District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
Further reading
- Bernstein, David S. (July 3, 2013). "Candidate Chat: Althea Garrison". Boston. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
- Carr, Howie (February 23, 2018). "Althea Garrison's Time Has Finally Come". howiecarrshow.com. Archived from the original on March 8, 2018. Retrieved March 7, 2018.