Asian Para Games
AbbreviationAPG, Para Asiad
First event2010 Asian Para Games in Guangzhou, China
Occur everyfour years
Last event2022 Asian Para Games in Hangzhou, China
Next event2026 Asian Para Games in Nagoya, Japan
PurposeMulti-sport event for athletes with disabilities from nations in Asia

The Asian Para Games, also known as Para Asiad, is a multi-sport event regulated by the Asian Paralympic Committee that's held every four years after every Asian Games for athletes with physical disabilities. Both events had adopted the strategy used by the Olympic and Paralympic Games of having both games in the same city. However, the exclusion of Asian Para Games from Asian Games host city contract meant that both events ran independently of each other. The Games are recognized by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) and are described as the second largest multi-sport event after the Paralympic Games.

In its history, three nations have hosted the Asian Para Games and Forty-four nations have participated in the Games.

The most recent games was held in Hangzhou, China between 22 and 28 October 2023. The next games are scheduled to be held in Nagoya, Japan from 18 to 26 October 2026.

History

The FESPIC Games existed previous to the Asian Para Games and was contested by athletes from the Asia Pacific region. The FESPIC Games was first held in 1975 in Oita, Japan with 18 participating nations. Eight more FESPIC Games were held until 2006.[1]

The Asian Para Games superseded the FESPIC Games, which was dissolved alongside the FESPIC Federation, the governing body of the games and merged with the Asian Paralympic Council which was renamed as the Asian Paralympic Committee at the closing of the final FESPIC edition held in November 2006 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The first Asian multi-sports event for athletes with a disability, the inaugural Asian Para Games was held in 2010 in Guangzhou, China.[2]

Although there is the idea of holding the Asian and the Asian Para Games in the same city as happening on the Olympics and the Paralympics, to this day there is no mention of the Para Asian Games in the contract for the host city of the Asian Games, which means that the events are held completely separately and without any connection. Both games ran independently of each other and were managed by different Organising Committees.[3][4]

List of Asian Para Games

Host cities of the Asian Para Games
Edition Year Host City Host Nation Opened by[lower-alpha 1] Start Date End Date Nations Competitors Sports Events Top Placed Team Ref.
1 2010 Guangzhou  China Vice Premier Li Keqiang[lower-alpha 2] 12 December 19 December 41 2,405 19 341  China (CHN) [5]
2 2014 Incheon  South Korea Prime Minister Chung Hong-won[lower-alpha 3] 18 October 24 October 41 2,497 23 443 [6]
3 2018 Jakarta  Indonesia President Joko Widodo 6 October 13 October 43 2,757 18 506 [7]
4 2022 Hangzhou  China Vice Premier Ding Xuexiang[lower-alpha 4] 22 October 2023 28 October 2023 44 3,100 22[8] 501
5 2026 Aichi-Nagoya  Japan TBA 18 October 2026 26 October 2026 18[9]
6 2030 or 2031 Doha  Qatar Future event
7 2034 or 2035 Riyadh  Saudi Arabia Future event

Notes:

  1. Names & offices in italics reflect an opener who was not head of state when opening the Games. If the office is partially italicized, the non-italicized portion is the office & name of the head of state being represented.
  2. Representing Hu Jintao, President of the People's Republic of China.
  3. Representing Park Geun-hye, President of South Korea.
  4. Representing Xi Jinping, President of the People's Republic of China.

Ranking

Year Ranking by Medals
1 2 3
2010 China Japan South Korea
2014 China South Korea Japan
2018 China South Korea Iran
2022 China Iran Japan

Sports

27 Sports were presented in Asian Para Games history, including 2010 Asian Para Games to 2022 Asian Para Games.

NumberEvent20102014201820222026
Core Sports
1Para Archery at the Asian Para GamesYesYesYesYesYes
2Para Athletics at the Asian Para GamesYesYesYesYesYes
3Para Cycling at the Asian Para GamesYesYesYesYesYes
4Para Shooting at the Asian Para GamesYesYesYesYesYes
5Para Swimming at the Asian Para GamesYesYesYesYesYes
Boat Sports
6Para Canoeing at the Asian Para GamesNoNoNoYesYes
7Para Rowing at the Asian Para GamesYesYesNoYesYes
8Para Sailing at the Asian Para GamesNoYesNoNoNo
Combat Sports
9Fencing at the Asian Para GamesYesYesYesYesYes
10Judo at the Asian Para GamesYesYesYesYesYes
11Taekwondo at the Asian Para GamesNoNoNoYesYes
Team Sports
12Wheelchair Basketball at the Asian Para GamesYesYesYesYesYes
13Blind Football at the Asian Para GamesYesYesNoYesYes
14CP Football at the Asian Para GamesYesYesNoNoNo
15Goalball at the Asian Para GamesYesYesYesYesYes
16Wheelchair Rugby at the Asian Para GamesNoYesNoNoYes
17Sitting Volleyball at the Asian Para GamesYesYesYesYesYes
Racket Sports
18Para Badminton at the Asian Para GamesYesYesYesYesYes
19Wheelchair Tennis at the Asian Para GamesYesYesYesYesYes
20Table Tennis at the Asian Para GamesYesYesYesYesYes
Bowl Sports
21Boccia at the Asian Para GamesYesYesYesYesYes
22Bowling at the Asian Para GamesYesYesYesNoNo
23Lawn Bowls at the Asian Para GamesNoYesYesYesNo
Adversary Sports
24Chess at the Asian Para GamesNoNoYesYesNo
25Go at the Asian Para GamesNoNoNoYesNo
26Powerlifting at the Asian Para GamesYesYesYesYesYes
27Wheelchair Dance Sport at the Asian Para GamesNoYesNoNoNo

Para Archery (2010–2022)

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 China (CHN)1511834
2 Iran (IRI)134724
3 South Korea (KOR)512825
4 India (IND)3328
5 Japan (JPN)2327
6 Iraq (IRQ)1012
7 Hong Kong (HKG)0112
8 Singapore (SGP)0101
 Thailand (THA)0101
10 Indonesia (INA)0022
11 Chinese Taipei (TPE)0011
 Malaysia (MAS)0011
Totals (12 entries)393633108

Para Athletics (2010–2022)

Source:[10][11]

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 China (CHN)23815390481
2 Iran (IRI)838966238
3 Thailand (THA)425255149
4 Japan (JPN)415649146
5 Uzbekistan (UZB)34192275
6 India (IND)284344115
7 Malaysia (MAS)22171958
8 Iraq (IRQ)14121743
9 Indonesia (INA)11212456
10 United Arab Emirates (UAE)1019938
11 Sri Lanka (SRI)9141942
12 South Korea (KOR)8131536
13 Saudi Arabia (KSA)711826
14 Jordan (JOR)5229
15 Pakistan (PAK)5139
16 Oman (OMA)3519
17 Qatar (QAT)3148
18 East Timor (TLS)2103
19 Kuwait (KUW)17715
20 Bahrain (BHR)15410
21 Chinese Taipei (TPE)131216
22 Philippines (PHI)1326
23 Syria (SYR)1269
24 Kazakhstan (KAZ)1179
25 Myanmar (MYA)1045
26 Palestine (PLE)1012
27 Vietnam (VIE)061925
28 Hong Kong (HKG)0369
29 Brunei (BRU)0235
 Mongolia (MGL)0235
31 Kyrgyzstan (KGZ)0213
Totals (31 entries)5735655221660

Para Cycling (2010–2022)

Source:[12][13][14]

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 China (CHN)43281788
2 South Korea (KOR)22111649
3 Japan (JPN)1110930
4 Malaysia (MAS)6151132
5 Indonesia (INA)4121228
6 Philippines (PHI)1034
7 Uzbekistan (UZB)0213
8 Thailand (THA)0202
 United Arab Emirates (UAE)0202
10 Lebanon (LBN)0134
11 Iran (IRI)0033
12 Kazakhstan (KAZ)0022
13 India (IND)0011
 Singapore (SGP)0011
Totals (14 entries)878379249

Para Shooting Sporting (2010–2022)

Source (NPC Profile):[15][16][17]

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 South Korea (KOR)19132254
2 China (CHN)16211451
3 Iran (IRI)75315
4 Thailand (THA)56415
5 United Arab Emirates (UAE)35311
6 India (IND)3339
7 Japan (JPN)0022
8 Iraq (IRQ)0011
 Mongolia (MGL)0011
Totals (9 entries)535353159

Para Swimming (2010–2022)

Source (NPC Profile):[18][19][20][21]

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 China (CHN)19114289422
2 Japan (JPN)738086239
3 Uzbekistan (UZB)26171154
4 South Korea (KOR)15282063
5 Kazakhstan (KAZ)15151949
6 Iran (IRI)13161948
7 Vietnam (VIE)13101639
8 Indonesia (INA)910726
9 Hong Kong (HKG)711624
10 Chinese Taipei (TPE)63312
11 Singapore (SGP)62715
12 Malaysia (MAS)5121835
13 Thailand (THA)4224268
14 Philippines (PHI)43916
15 India (IND)131620
16 Myanmar (MYA)03710
17 Sri Lanka (SRI)0224
18 Iraq (IRQ)0112
19 Korea (COR)0011
Totals (19 entries)3883803791147

Para Canoeing (2022)

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Uzbekistan (UZB)6006
2 Iran (IRI)2125
3 China (CHN)1326
4 India (IND)1124
5 Kazakhstan (KAZ)0325
6 Japan (JPN)0123
7 Thailand (THA)0101
Totals (7 entries)10101030

Para Rowing (2010–2022)

Source:[22][23]

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 China (CHN)82010
2 South Korea (KOR)2316
3 Uzbekistan (UZB)1124
4 Japan (JPN)0325
5 Hong Kong (HKG)0145
6 India (IND)0101
7 Thailand (THA)0022
Totals (7 entries)11111133

Para Sailing (2014)

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Malaysia (MAS)1113
2 Singapore (SIN)1001
3 Japan (JPN)0101
4 Hong Kong (HKG)0011
Totals (4 entries)2226

Wheelchair Fencing (2010–2022)

Source:[24][25]

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 China (CHN)502531106
2 Hong Kong (HKG)8162246
3 Thailand (THA)491124
4 Iraq (IRQ)17816
5 South Korea (KOR)031922
6 Japan (JPN)02911
7 Malaysia (MAS)0123
8 Kuwait (KUW)0022
9 India (IND)0011
 Indonesia (INA)0011
 United Arab Emirates (UAE)0011
Totals (11 entries)6363107233

Blind Judo (2010–2022)

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 China (CHN)1741536
2 Uzbekistan (UZB)12131237
3 South Korea (KOR)115824
4 Iran (IRI)781126
5 Japan (JPN)4101630
6 Kazakhstan (KAZ)35917
7 Mongolia (MGL)331218
8 Indonesia (INA)1023
9 Kyrgyzstan (KGZ)1001
10 Thailand (THA)0437
11 Chinese Taipei (TPE)0224
12 India (IND)0134
13 Yemen (YEM)0011
Totals (13 entries)595594208

Para Taekwondo (2022)

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Iran (IRI)34310
2 China (CHN)2136
3 Uzbekistan (UZB)1157
4 Mongolia (MGL)1102
5 Thailand (THA)1023
6 South Korea (KOR)1012
7 Chinese Taipei (TPE)1001
8 Kazakhstan (KAZ)0235
9 Japan (JPN)0112
10 India (IND)0011
 Nepal (NEP)0011
Totals (11 entries)10102040

Wheelchair Basketball (2010–2022)

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Japan (JPN)3508
2 China (CHN)3205
3 South Korea (KOR)1124
4 Iran (IRI)1034
5 Thailand (THA)0033
Totals (5 entries)88824

Blind Football (2010–2022)

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 China (CHN)2013
2 Iran (IRN)1203
3 Japan (JPN)0101
4 South Korea (KOR)0011
 Thailand (THA)0011
Totals (5 entries)3339

CP Football (2010–2014)

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Iran (IRN)2002
2 Japan (JPN)0112
3 China (CHN)0101
4 South Korea (KOR)0011
Totals (4 entries)2226

Goalball (2010–2022)

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 China (CHN)5308
2 Iran (IRI)2147
3 Japan (JPN)1326
4 South Korea (KOR)0123
Totals (4 entries)88824

Wheelchair Rugby (2014)

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Japan (JPN)1001
2 South Korea (KOR)0101
3 Malaysia (MAS)0011
Totals (3 entries)1113

Sitting Volleyball (2010–2022)

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 China (CHN)4318
 Iran (IRN)4318
3 Japan (JPN)0134
4 Kazakhstan (KAZ)0112
5 Iraq (IRQ)0022
Totals (5 entries)88824

Para Badminton (2010–2022)

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 China (CHN)21121548
2 Indonesia (INA)16171346
3 South Korea (KOR)9111434
4 India (IND)882137
5 Malaysia (MAS)551222
6 Japan (JPN)321318
7 Hong Kong (HKG)3249
8 Thailand (THA)291627
9 Vietnam (VIE)2046
10 Chinese Taipei (TPE)0257
11 Sri Lanka (SRI)0101
Totals (11 entries)6969117255

Wheelchair Tennis (2010–2022)

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Japan (JPN)1411631
2 Thailand (THA)41510
3 South Korea (KOR)34411
4 China (CHN)1528
5 Malaysia (MAS)0101
6 Chinese Taipei (TPE)0044
7 Sri Lanka (SRI)0011
Totals (7 entries)22222266

Para Table Tennis (2010–2022)

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 China (CHN)723538145
2 South Korea (KOR)25353393
3 Thailand (THA)11152551
4 Indonesia (INA)651728
5 Japan (JPN)4102034
6 Hong Kong (HKG)461929
7 Chinese Taipei (TPE)391931
8 Malaysia (MAS)1045
9 Iraq (IRQ)1012
10 Iran (IRI)0257
11 Macau (MAC)0235
12 Jordan (JOR)0224
13 Philippines (PHI)0213
14 India (IND)0123
15 Korea (COR)0101
 Kuwait (KUW)0101
 Sri Lanka (SRI)0101
18 Vietnam (VIE)0044
19 East Timor (TLS)0011
 North Korea (PRK)0011
 Singapore (SGP)0011
Totals (21 entries)127127196450

Boccia (2010–2022)

Source:[26]

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Thailand (THA)115824
2 South Korea (KOR)612725
3 China (CHN)63312
4 Hong Kong (HKG)44816
5 Malaysia (MAS)1203
6 Indonesia (INA)1113
7 Japan (JPN)0123
8 Singapore (SGP)0101
Totals (8 entries)29292987

Ten Pin Para Bowling (2010–2018)

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 South Korea (KOR)2814749
2 Chinese Taipei (TPE)591024
3 Malaysia (MAS)471122
4 Philippines (PHI)1203
5 Hong Kong (HKG)1113
6 Indonesia (INA)1102
7 Japan (JPN)0516
8 Singapore (SIN)0156
9 Thailand (THA)0066
10 Brunei (BRU)0011
Totals (10 entries)404042122

Para Lawn Bowls (2014–2022)

Source (NPC Profile):[27][28][29]

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 South Korea (KOR)1812636
2 China (CHN)74314
3 Hong Kong (HKG)69621
4 Indonesia (INA)671124
5 Thailand (THA)4138
6 Malaysia (MAS)29819
7 Singapore (SGP)0112
8 Japan (JPN)0011
Totals (8 entries)434339125

Blind Chess (2018–2022)

Source:[30]

RankNPCGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Indonesia (INA)21121447
2 Philippines (PHI)135826
3 Iran (IRI)813829
4 India (IND)46717
5 Vietnam (VIE)29819
6 Myanmar (MYA)0202
7 Kazakhstan (KAZ)0112
Totals (7 entries)484846142

Blind Go (2022)

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 South Korea (KOR)2013
2 China (CHN)1214
3 Thailand (THA)0101
4 Chinese Taipei (TPE)0011
Totals (4 entries)3339

Powerlifting (2010–2022)

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 China (CHN)428252
2 Iran (IRI)1317838
3 Vietnam (VIE)44513
4 Jordan (JOR)44210
5 Iraq (IRQ)43916
6 Thailand (THA)33612
7 South Korea (KOR)22711
8 Chinese Taipei (TPE)2024
9 Kazakhstan (KAZ)15511
10 Malaysia (MAS)1449
11 Uzbekistan (UZB)1315
12 United Arab Emirates (UAE)1236
13 Mongolia (MGL)1113
14 Laos (LAO)1012
15 Indonesia (INA)07613
16 Syria (SYR)05510
17 Philippines (PHI)0516
18 India (IND)0459
19 Turkmenistan (TKM)0246
20 Saudi Arabia (KSA)0101
21 Japan (JPN)0022
Totals (21 entries)808079239

Wheelchair Dance Sport (2014)

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 South Korea (KOR)5016
2 Hong Kong (HKG)1113
3 Chinese Taipei (TPE)0224
4 Kazakhstan (KAZ)0213
5 Philippines (PHI)0101
6 Japan (JPN)0011
Totals (6 entries)66618

Mascots

The Asian Para Games mascots are fictional characters, usually an animal native to the area or human figures, who represent the cultural heritage of the place where the Asian Para Games are taking place. The mascots are often used to help market the Asian Para Games to a younger audience. Every Asian Para Games has its own mascot. Fun Fun, the mascot for the 2010 Asian Para Games was the first mascot.

GamesCityMascotCharacterSignificance
2010 Asian Para Games Guangzhou Fun Fun Character inspired by kapok A flower which is native to Guangzhou, represents strength, joy and vitality of the athletes and the Asian Para movement.
2014 Asian Para Games Incheon Jeonopi and Dnopi Black-faced spoonbill Chosen by organizers to highlight the games organiser commitment in environmental conservation. Jeonopi represents friendship with people in Asia and the world and the clean natural environment of host city Incheon, while Dnopi represents courage of the participating athletes and hope.
2018 Asian Para Games Jakarta Momo Brahminy kite The Brahminy kite is locally known as Bondol eagle. The name Momo is short for motivation and mobility. The mascot wears a Betawinese Belt with Sarong and Represents Jakarta city and strength.
2022 Asian Para Games Hangzhou Fei Fei Character inspired by 'Divine Bird' The mascot represents Hangzhou's heritage and its drive for technological innovation. According to a legend in the Liangzhu culture, the 'Divine Bird' brings bliss.

Medal count

Of the 45 National Paralympic Committees participating throughout the history of the Games, 39 nations have won at least a single medal in the competition, leaving 6 nations: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, Maldives and Tajikistan yet to win a single medal. 32 nations have won at least one gold medal and China became the only nation in history to emerge as overall champions.

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 China (CHN)7454683351548
2 South Korea (KOR)182183197562
3 Iran (IRI)159165143467
4 Japan (JPN)157207230594
5 Thailand (THA)91132191414
6 Uzbekistan (UZB)815555191
7 Indonesia (INA)7693110279
8 India (IND)4873109230
9 Malaysia (MAS)486989206
10 Hong Kong (HKG)345578167
Totals (10 entries)1621150015374658

Asian Youth Para Games

The Asian Youth Para Games is a multi-sport event held every four years for youth athletes with physical disabilities. The first Games was held in 2009 in Tokyo, Japan. The Asian Youth Para Games superseded the FESPIC Youth Games which last held in 2003.

List of Youth Games

Host cities of the Asian Youth Para Games
Edition Year Host City Host Nation Start Date End Date Nations Competitors Sports Events Top Placed Team
1 2009 Tokyo  Japan 10 September 13 September 24 466 5 219  Japan (JPN)
2 2013 Kuala Lumpur  Malaysia 26 October 30 October 29 723 14 235
3 2017 Dubai  United Arab Emirates 10 December 14 December 30 800 7 252
4 2021 Manama  Bahrain 2 December 6 December 30 750 9 198  Iran (IRI)
5 2025 Tashkent  Uzbekistan Future event

Ranking

Year Ranking by Medals
1 2 3
2009 Japan Iran China
2013 Japan Iran China
2017 Japan Iran China
2021 Iran Thailand Japan

Youth Games Sports

All-time Youth Games medal table (2009–2021)

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Japan (JPN)1778687350
2 Iran (IRI)13613497367
3 Thailand (THA)816748196
4 China (CHN)752210107
5 South Korea (KOR)523645133
6 Hong Kong (HKG)493930118
7 Iraq (IRQ)463529110
8 Uzbekistan (UZB)4114964
9 Indonesia (INA)36232382
10 Malaysia (MAS)323435101
11 India (IND)29302685
12 Kazakhstan (KAZ)25321875
13 Vietnam (VIE)199533
14 Chinese Taipei (TPE)1611633
15 United Arab Emirates (UAE)1512532
16 Jordan (JOR)157628
17 Singapore (SIN)1314734
18 Saudi Arabia (KSA)1392547
19 Kuwait (KUW)812424
20 Sri Lanka (SRI)68418
21 Bahrain (BHR)410519
22 Pakistan (PAK)42814
23 Myanmar (MYA)34411
24 Philippines (PHI)27817
25 Palestine (PLE)2305
26 Oman (OMA)1315
27 Nepal (NEP)1113
 Syria (SYR)1113
29 Brunei (BRU)1001
30 North Korea (PRK)0314
31 Lebanon (LIB)0202
32 Macau (MAC)0123
33 Cambodia (CAM)0101
 Mongolia (MGL)0101
35 Tajikistan (TJK)0033
36 Yemen (YEM)0011
37 Afghanistan (AFG)0000
 Bangladesh (BAN)0000
 Bhutan (BHU)0000
 East Timor (TLS)0000
 Kyrgyzstan (KGZ)0000
 Laos (LAO)0000
 Maldives (MDV)0000
 Qatar (QAT)0000
 Turkmenistan (TKM)0000
Totals (45 entries)9036735542130

See also

References

  1. Closure of FESPIC Federation Archived 19 June 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  2. "Guangzhou wins bid to host 2010 Asian Para-Games". China Daily. 29 November 2008. Retrieved 7 June 2009.
  3. Guangzhou wins bid to host 2010 Asian Para-Games
  4. Guangzhou to Host 2010 Asian Para-Games
  5. "1st APG Guangzhou 2010". APC. Archived from the original on 4 February 2012. Retrieved 10 June 2011.
  6. "2nd APG Incheon 2014". APC. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
  7. "3rd APG Jakarta 2018". APC. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
  8. "Para-taekwondo and Para-canoe to make Asian Para Games debut in Hangzhou". Inside the Games. 10 October 2019. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  9. "Host City Contract signed for 2026 Asian Para Games in Aichi-Nagoya". Inside the Games. 4 October 2023. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  10. "Medallists from previous Asian Para Games". hangzhou2022.com.cn. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  11. https://resultsapg.hangzhou2022.com.cn/rds/sports/ATH/rank?index=4
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  13. https://resultsapg.hangzhou2022.com.cn/rds/sports/CYC/historyMedal?index=6
  14. https://resultsapg.hangzhou2022.com.cn/rds/nations
  15. https://resultsapg.hangzhou2022.com.cn/rds/sports/SHO?index=1
  16. https://resultsapg.hangzhou2022.com.cn/rds/sports/SHO/historyMedal?index=6
  17. https://resultsapg.hangzhou2022.com.cn/rds/nations
  18. https://resultsapg.hangzhou2022.com.cn/rds/sports/SWM?index=1
  19. https://resultsapg.hangzhou2022.com.cn/rds/sports/SWM/historyMedal?index=6
  20. https://resultsapg.hangzhou2022.com.cn/rds/nations
  21. https://resultsapg.hangzhou2022.com.cn/rds/sports/SWM/rank?index=4
  22. https://resultsapg.hangzhou2022.com.cn/rds/sports/ROW/historyMedal?index=5
  23. https://resultsapg.hangzhou2022.com.cn/rds/medals
  24. https://resultsapg.hangzhou2022.com.cn/rds/sports/WFE/historyMedal?index=8
  25. https://resultsapg.hangzhou2022.com.cn/rds/medals
  26. "Historical Results - Boccia". Hangzhou Asian Para Games - 杭州第4届亚洲残疾人运动会信息发布系统.
  27. https://resultsapg.hangzhou2022.com.cn/rds/sports/LBO?index=1
  28. https://resultsapg.hangzhou2022.com.cn/rds/sports/LBO/historyMedal?index=6
  29. https://resultsapg.hangzhou2022.com.cn/rds/nations
  30. https://resultsapg.hangzhou2022.com.cn/rds/sports/CHS/rank?index=3
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