Qutb al-Aarifeen
Mawlānā
Badre Alam Merathi
بدر عالم میرٹھی
Personal details
Born1889 (1889)
Budaun, Uttar Pradesh
Died29 October 1965(1965-10-29) (aged 75–76)
Medina
Resting placeAl-Baqi Cemetery
Alma mater
Personal
DenominationSunni
JurisprudenceHanafi
MovementDeobandi
Main interest(s)
Notable work(s)
Senior posting
Teacher
Students
Influenced by

Badre Alam Merathi (Urdu: بدر عالم میرٹھی; 1898 – 29 October 1965) was a mid-twentieth-century hadith scholar and poet originally from Meerut, initially migrated to Pakistan and eventually settled in Medina. Best known as the interpreter of Anwar Shah Kashmiri's teachings, he was a disciple of both Kashmiri and Shabbir Ahmad Usmani.[1] Educated at Mazahir Uloom and Darul Uloom Deoband, he taught at both institutions and Jamia Islamia Talimuddin. During his tenure at Jamia Islamia Talimuddin, he compiled Fayd al-Bari, a four-volume Arabic commentary on Sahih al-Bukhari, published in Cairo with financial support from Jamiatul Ulama Transvaal, considered a masterpiece in hadith commentary.[1] He was also associated with Nadwatul Musannifeen and authored Tarjuman al-Sunnah, a 4-volume hadith explanation designed for contemporary needs, widely acknowledged in academic circles.[2] In his final years, he focused on teaching hadith in Prophet's Mosque, where many South Africans pledged allegiance to him, expanding his spiritual influence in South Africa.[3]

Life sketch

Badre Alam was born in 1898 in a Sayyid family in the Budaun district of Uttar Pradesh.[4] His father, Tahur Ali, served as a police officer.[2] He received his initial education at an English school in Aligarh, and influenced by a sermon of Ashraf Ali Thanwi at the age of eleven, he developed an inclination towards Islamic studies.[5] Despite initial resistance from his father, he pursued religious education at Mazahir Uloom.[2]

Under the mentorship of Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri for eight years, followed by further studies at Darul Uloom Deoband with Anwar Shah Kashmiri, he continued his educational journey.[2] His notable teachers at Mazahir Uloom included Zafar Ahmad Usmani, and at Deoband, Aziz-ul-Rahman Usmani and Asghar Hussain Deobandi.[6] After completing his studies at Darul Uloom Deoband, he began teaching there in 1925.[7][8][9]

In 1927, he, along with Anwar Shah Kashmiri and Shabbir Ahmad Usmani, migrated to Jamia Islamia Talimuddin.[4] [8] For seventeen years, he engaged in teaching hadith at Jamia Islamia Talimuddin, covering texts such as Sahih al-Tirmidhi, Shama'il al-Muhammadiyya, and Mishkat al-Masabih.[6][10] He also continued participating in Anwar Shah Kashmiri's classes on Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih al-Tirmidhi for five years.[1][11] His students include Abd al-Fattah Abu Ghudda, who narrated hadiths from him.[12][13]

Establishing a madrasa in Budaun,[2] he became associated with Nadwatul Musannifeen in 1943.[14] After the partition of India in 1947, Sher Ahmad Sani persuaded him to settle permanently in Pakistan.[4] With companions, he laid the foundation of Darul Uloom al-Islamia in Tando Allahyar.[15] Following Pakistan's formation, he actively participated in the formulation of an Islamic constitution.[6][16]

After residing for four years in Pakistan, he migrated to Medina.[17] Known as Qutb al-Aarifeen,[18] he received Sufi teachings from Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri, associated with Aziz-ul-Rahman Usmani, and ultimately received spiritual succession from Muhammad Ishaq Merathi.[19] He died on 29 October 1965, in Prophet's Mosque, and was laid to rest in Al-Baqi Cemetery.[6][20] His influence extended to Pakistan, India, South Africa, and the Middle East.[21]

Literary works

He scrutinized the intricacies of the Quran and hadith, expressing an understanding of Arabic literature and poetry.[22] His literary works touched various religious subjects. Apart from Fayd al-Bari and Tarjuman al-Sunnah, he authored the three-volume Jawahir al-Hikam, addressing contemporary social issues and the implementation of Islamic law in 1965, translated into French and Gujarati.[23] His annotations for Fayd al-Bari, published as Al-Badr Al-Sari and Zubdat al-Manasik, a guide on Hajj issues.[24][9] The treatise Awaz-e-Haq Dar Nazool-e Isa (as) examined revelations during Christianity's spread.[24] During his time in Pakistan, he translated Al-Hizb al-Azam and wrote some poetry.[6]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Kaleem, Mohd (2017). Contribution of Old boys of Darul uloom Deoband in Hadith Literature (PhD) (in Urdu). India: Department of Sunni Theology, Aligarh Muslim University. p. 174. hdl:10603/364028. Archived from the original on 24 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Riyasathullah, Mohamed (2012). Ahadees Kay Urdu Tarajim (PhD) (in Urdu). India: Department of Arabic, University of Madras. p. 95. hdl:10603/295877. Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  3. ↑ Rizwi, Syed Mehboob (1981). History of the Dar al-Ulum Deoband. Vol. 2. UP, India: Idara-e Ihtemam, Darul Uloom Deoband. p. 103. OCLC 20222197.
  4. 1 2 3 Khatoon, Aaisha (2017). Aazadi ke Baad Hindustan ki Khidmaat e Hadith (PhD) (in Urdu). India: Department of Sunni Theology, Aligarh Muslim University. p. 103. hdl:10603/364027. Archived from the original on 24 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  5. ↑ Ghani, Khwaja Abdul (1979). Allama Muhammad Anwar Shah Kashmiri: Un ke Mutasilin aur Talamzah ki Khidmat (PDF) (PhD) (in Urdu). Jamshoro, Pakistan: University of Sindh. p. 142. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 October 2022. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Shabbir, Yusuf (2018). "Profile of Mawlana Muhammad Badr Alam Mirti". Islamic Portal. Archived from the original on 10 June 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
  7. ↑ Muhammad Tayyib, Qari (June 1965). Darul Uloom Deoband Ki Sad Saala Zindagi [Centenary Life of Darul Uloom Deoband] (in Urdu) (1st ed.). Deoband: Daftar-e-Ihtemam, Darul Uloom Deoband. p. 112. Archived from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  8. 1 2 Qasmi, Muhammadullah Khalili (October 2020). Darul Uloom Deoband Ki Jame O Mukhtasar Tareekh [A comprehensive and brief history of Darul Uloom Deoband] (in Urdu) (3rd ed.). India: Shaikh-Ul-Hind Academy. pp. 577–578, 763. OCLC 1345466013.
  9. 1 2 Mubarakpuri, Arif Jameel (2021). Mausoo'a Ulama-u- Deoband [The Encyclopedia of Deobandi Scholars] (in Arabic) (1st ed.). Deoband: Shaikhul Hind Academy. p. 347.
  10. ↑ Azami, Fazlur Rahman (1999). Tareekh e Jamia Islamia Dabhel [History of Jamia Islamia Dabhel] (in Urdu). Multan, Pakistan: Idara Tālīfāt e Ashrafia. pp. 189, 192.
  11. ↑ Miftahi, Zafeeruddin (1980). Mashaheer-e-Ulama-e-Darul Uloom Deoband (in Urdu) (first ed.). Deoband: Daftar Ijalas-e-Sad Sala. pp. 93–94. Archived from the original on 29 December 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
  12. ↑ Al Rājihi, Abd al-Azīz (2001). Hady al-Sāri Ilā Asānīd al-Shaikh Ismail al-Ansari (in Arabic) (1st ed.). Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Maktaba al-Rushd. p. 190.
  13. ↑ Amini, Noor Alam Khalil (May 2010). Pas-e-Marg Zinda [People who are still alive after death] (in Urdu) (3rd ed.). Deoband: Idara Ilm o Adab. p. 365. Archived from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  14. ↑ Rizwi 1981, p. 103.
  15. ↑ Ghani 1979, p. 144.
  16. ↑ Bukhari, Akbar Shah (1985). Seerat-e Badre Alam (in Urdu). Karachi, Pakistan: HM Sayed Company. p. 64.
  17. ↑ Kaleem 2017, p. 175.
  18. ↑ Ghani 1979, p. 148.
  19. ↑ Kamal, Mohd Arif (2020). Ulema e Hind ki Bisween Sadi Nisf Awwal mein Khidmat e Hadith Tanquidi Mutala (PhD) (in Urdu). India: Department of Sunni Theology, Aligarh Muslim University. p. 221. Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
  20. ↑ Akbarabadi, Saeed Ahmad, ed. (November 1965). "Nazarāt". Monthly Burhan (in Urdu). Vol. 55, no. 5. Delhi: Nadwatul Musannifeen. p. 3. Archived from the original on 7 January 2024. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
  21. ↑ Banuri, Muhammad Yusuf (2020). Yad-e-Raftagāñ (in Urdu). Banuri town, Karachi: Maktaba Bayyinat, Jamia Uloom-ul-Islamia. p. 27.
  22. ↑ Muhammad Tayyib, Qari (1999). Bukhari, Akbar Shah (ed.). Darul Uloom Deoband Ki Pachaas Misali Shakhsiyaat (in Urdu). Deoband: Maktaba Faiz-ul-Qur'an. p. 158. OCLC 45499890. Archived from the original on 6 January 2024. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
  23. ↑ Ghani 1979, p. 150.
  24. 1 2 Ghani 1979, p. 151.
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