Burid dynasty
1104–1154
The Near east in 1135
The Near east in 1135
CapitalDamascus
Religion
Sunni Islam
GovernmentEmirate
Emir 
 1104–1128
Toghtekin (first)
 1140–1154
Mujir ad-Din Abaq (last)
History 
 Established
1104
 Disestablished
1154
CurrencyDinar
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Seljuk Empire
Zengid dynasty

The Burid dynasty was a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Oghuz Turkic origin which ruled over the Emirate of Damascus in the early 12th century.

History

The first Burid ruler, Toghtekin,[1] began as a servant to the Seljuk ruler of Damascus, Duqaq. Following Duqaq's death in 1104, he seized the city for himself.

The dynasty was named after Toghtekin's son, Taj al-Muluk Buri. The Burids gained recognition from the Abbasid caliphate in return for considerable gifts. In return, the caliphate did not interfere in the emirate.[2]

The Burids ruled the city until 1154, when it was taken by the ruler of Aleppo, Nur ed-Din, founder of the Zengid dynasty.[3]

The Burids lost to the Crusaders in the battle of Marj al-Saffar (1126) but were able to prevent the Second Crusade from capturing Damascus.

Burid emirs of Damascus

Titular Name(s) (Laqab) Personal Name Reign
Amir
أمیر
Saif-ul-Islam
سیف الاسلام
Zahir al-Din Toghtekin
ظاھر الدین طغتکین
1104–1128
Amir
أمیر
Taj al-Muluk Buri
تاج الملک بوری
1128–1132
Amir
أمیر
Shams al-Mulk Isma'il
شمس الملک اسماعیل
1132–1135
Amir
أمیر
Shihab al-Din Mahmud
شھاب الدین محمود
1135–1139
Amir
أمیر
Jamal al-Din Muhammad
جمال الدین محمد
1139–1140
Amir
أمیر
Mu'in al-Din Unur
معین الدین أنر
1140–1149
Regent
Amir
أمیر
Mujir-ud-din
مجیر الدین
Abu Saʿid Ābaq
ابو سعید ابق
1140–1154
Zengid dynasty replaces the Burid dynasty.

Family Tree

Burid Dynasty
Zahir al-Din
Tughtekin

(1)
r. 1104-1128
Taj al-Muluk
Buri

(2)
r. 1128-1132
Shams al-Mulk
Isma'il

(3)
r. 1132-1135
Shihab al-Din
Mahmud

(4)
r. 1135-1139
Jamal al-Din
Muhammad

(5)
r. 1139-1140
Mujir al-Din
Abaq

(6)
r. 1140-1154

See also

References

  1. D.S. Richards, The Chronicle of Ibn Al-Athir for the Crusading Period from Al-Kamil Fi'l-ta-Ta'rikh, (Ashgate Publishing Ltd, 2010), 16.
  2. Burids, R. LeTourneau, The Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. I, ed. H.A.R. Gibb, J.H. Kramers, É. Lévi-Provençal and J. Schacht, (Brill, 1986), 1332.
  3. Medieval Islamic Civilization: L-Z, Ed. Josef W. Meri, Jere L. Bacharach, (Taylor & Francis, 2006), 568.
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