| COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Disease | COVID-19 |
| Virus strain | SARS-CoV-2 |
| Location | Lebanon |
| First outbreak | Wuhan, China |
| Index case | Beirut |
| Arrival date | 21 February 2020 (3 years, 10 months, 3 weeks and 4 days ago) |
| Confirmed cases | 1,239,904[1] |
| Recovered | 1,223,598[2] |
Deaths | 10,947[1] |
| Fatality rate | 0.88% |
| Government website | |
| Ministry of Public Health: https://www.moph.gov.lb/en | |
In Lebanon, the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in 1,238,552 confirmed cases and 10,936 all-time deaths[3] after COVID-19 was confirmed to have reached Lebanon in February 2020.[4][5]
Background
On 12 January, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei, China, who had initially come to the attention of the WHO on 31 December 2019.[6][7]
COVID-19 is transmitted through little droplets carrying the virus. These droplets can enter the body through the eyes, mouth, or nose, and they might contaminate surfaces.[8]
Unlike SARS of 2003, the case fatality rate for COVID-19[9][10] has been much lower, but the transmission has been significantly greater with a significant total death toll.[11][9]
Lebanon was successful in handling the pandemic during its beginning, having reported between 0 and 100 daily cases from 15 March 2020 to 12 July 2020. After the Beirut port explosion on 4 August 2020, cases began to skyrocket, with Lebanon reporting over 1,000 cases on most days since mid-September and setting a new record of 2,817 cases of COVID-19 in one day on 6 December 2020.[12]
Timeline
| . Date . . |
|---|
| Cases |
| Deaths |
| Recoveries |
| 1 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 10 | 10 | 15 | 22 | 28 | 32 | 41 | 52 | 66 | 73 | 78 | 93 | 99 | 110 | 124 | 133 | 149 | 163 | 230 | 248 | 256 | 304 | 333 | 368 | 391 | 412 | 438 | 446 | 463 | 479 | 494 | 508 | 520 | 527 | 541 | 548 | 575 | 582 | 609 | 619 | 630 | 632 | 641 | 658 | 663 | 668 | 672 | 673 | 677 | 677 | 682 | 688 | 696 | 704 | 707 | 710 | 717 | 721 | 725 | 729 | 733 | 737 | 740 | 741 | 750 | 784 | 796 | 809 | 845 | 859 | 870 | 878 | 886 | 891 | 902 | 911 | 931 | 954 | 961 | 1024 | 1086 | 1097 | 114 | 1119 | 1140 | 1161 | 1168 | 1172 | 1192 | 1220 | 1233 | 1242 | 1256 | 1306 | ||
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 14 | 14 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 28 | ||
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 20 | 23 | 23 | 30 | 30 | 32 | 32 | 43 | 44 | 44 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 60 | 64 | 64 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 80 | 80 | 85 | 95 | 99 | 100 | 102 | 108 | 140 | 140 | 143 | 145 | 145 | 145 | 150 | 150 | 150 | 150 | 150 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 220 | 223 | 234 | 234 | 234 | 234 | 236 | 236 | 246 | 247 | 247 | 251 | 251 | 251 | 663 | 673 | 677 | 688 | 688 | 689 | 692 | 699 | 705 | 709 | 712 | 715 | 719 | 724 | 731 | ||
| Source : Lebanese Ministry of Public Health. As of 4 June 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
February 2020
On 21 February 2020, Lebanon confirmed its first case of COVID-19: a 45-year-old woman traveling back from pilgrimage in Qom, Iran tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and was transferred to a hospital in Beirut.[13]
On 26 February, a second woman, who returned from Iran on the same Mahan Air flight as the first patient, also tested positive.[14][15]
On 27 February, a 77-year-old Iranian man, who arrived from Iran on 24 February, tested positive and was admitted to Rafik Hariri University Hospital in Beirut.[16][17]
On 28 February, a Syrian woman tested positive and was admitted to Rafik Hariri University Hospital in Beirut.[18]
On 29 February, the total reached 7 confirmed cases.[19]
March 2020
On 1 March, the Ministry of Health announced 3 new cases, bringing the total cases to 13. These three people had isolated themselves upon arriving to Lebanon from Iran days before.[20]
On 4 March, total confirmed cases reached 15.[21]
On 10 March, the first coronavirus-related death in Lebanon was recorded.[22]
On 11 March, Rafik Hariri University Hospital announced the second death, a 55-year-old man.[23] There were also 9 new cases. The first fully recovered patient was also announced.[24]
On 12 March, the third death was reported: a 79-year-old man who was infected from the virus's first killed patient in Lebanon, who was 59, at a hospital in Byblos.[25][26]
On 13 March, the total number of cases reached 78. These included an employee at the Ministry of Public Health.[27][28]
On 14 March, 15 new cases were announced in Lebanon, bringing the total to 93.[29]
On 15 March, 6 new cases were announced, bringing the total to 99.[30] Lebanon declared a state of medical emergency.[31] The government announced the two-week closure of Beirut Airport, seaports and land entrances to begin on 18 March.[32]
On 21 March, then Prime Minister, Hassan Diab, in a televised speech, urged people in Lebanon to implement "self-curfew", adding that security forces would enforce the lockdown measures.[33]
On 26 March, Lebanon imposed a partial curfew from 7 p.m. to 5 a.m. to slow the spread of the virus. On that day, 35 new cases were announced, bringing the total number of cases to 368.[34]
On 30 March, there were 446 confirmed cases and 11 deaths.[35]
April 2020
On 2 April, 62-year-old Philippine ambassador to Lebanon, Bernardita Catalla, died of COVID-19 in Beirut. She was the first Filipino diplomat to die from the disease.[36] Human Rights Watch released a report saying that at least 21 Lebanese municipalities have introduced discriminatory restrictions on Syrian refugees that do not apply to Lebanese residents as part of their efforts to combat COVID-19, undermining the country's public health response.[37]
On 4 April, the Minister of Health department announced there were 520 total cases of COVID-19.
On 9 April, the Lebanese Cabinet extended the national lockdown, which started on 15 March and was extended on 26 March, for an additional two weeks until 26 April.[38]
On 22 April, a Palestinian from Syria became the first case reported in a refugee camp, located in the Wavel refugee camp in Bekaa. The total number of cases was 682, with 22 deaths.[39][40]
May 2020
On 5 May, the national lockdown was extended by the government for an additional two weeks until 24 May. The total number of cases was 741, with 25 deaths.[41]
On 7 May, 25 Lebanese citizens who boarded an inbound flight from Nigeria tested positive.[42]
On 13 May, a full lockdown went into effect until 18 May due to a large increase in positive cases. Over 100 new cases in the previous 4 days were announced, bring the total number of infected to 870, with 26 deaths.[43][44]
On 21 May, Lebanon's Health Ministry reported 63 new cases of the coronavirus, the largest single-day increase since the outbreak of the pandemic. Many of the new cases were the result of Lebanese expatriates returning home, Information Minister Manal Abdel Samad said.[45]
August 2020
At the morning of 3 August, the head of the Rafik Hariri University Hospital, which served as the main COVID-19 medical facility in Lebanon, warned that it was approaching full capacity.[46]
On 4 August, Beirut's explosion overwhelmed the capital's health services with thousands of wounded.[47] Following the explosion, three of Beirut's major hospitals were totally incapacitated, and three others were partially damaged.[48] The explosion killed 218 people and injured 7,000.[49][50]
On 6 August, 2 new deaths and a record 255 new cases were reported by the National News Agency in Lebanon.[51]
On 11 August, Lebanon announced a record daily number of over 300 COVID-19 infections and 7 deaths.[52]
On 18 August 2020, following a surge in infections, Lebanon ordered a two-week lockdown.[53][54]
September 2020
On 27 September 2020, Gebran Bassil's party said he was infected with a "mild" case of COVID-19 as cases continued to surge throughout Lebanon.[55] In addition, two major prisons in Lebanon, Roumieh Prison and Zahle Prison, witnessed large outbreaks in the last weeks of September, with 377 and 238 confirmed cases respectively. This caused outrage among the prisoners, as they called for the appropriate measures to be taken.[56]
October 2020
On 4 October, 111 towns and villages were placed under lockdown, which will last until 12 October. This comes after 1,248 new cases and 7 new deaths were reported on 1 October.[57]
On 12 October, 169 towns and villages were placed under lockdown for a week. Many of the towns had already been under lockdown the week before. The total number of cases reached 52,558, along with 455 deaths.[58]
On 19 October 2020, the General Director of the General Directorate of General Security Abbas Ibrahim tested positive while in the United States. The Wall Street Journal reported that he had met national security adviser Robert C. O'Brien at the White House the week before to discuss American citizens held in Syria. The General Directorate of General Security said in a tweet that he was in good health.[59] On 23 October 2020, he returned to Beirut.[60]
November 2020
On 2 November, 115 towns and villages were placed under lockdown. A nationwide curfew from 9 p.m. to 5 a.m. also took effect. The total number of cases reached 82,617, along with 643 deaths.[61]
December 2020
On 21 December, the first case of the variant strain was detected on a flight coming from the United Kingdom. On 26 December, the total number of cases reached 165,933, along with 1,000 deaths.[62][63]
On 28 December, Lebanon's health minister announced it had reserved 2 million doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, expected to be delivered by February 2021.[64]
January 2021
January 2021 is considered one of the deadliest months. In January, Lebanon was in total lockdown, as the number of cases in that month alone exceeded 100,000. The healthcare system was on the verge of collapse, as hospitals overloaded and few beds remained available. The head of the Parliamentary Health Committee in the House of Representatives Dr. Asim Araji described the situation as "extremely dangerous".[65]
February 2021
The World Bank, which approved to pay $34 million for vaccines for 2 million people, threatened to halt financing them in Lebanon, as it investigated suspected favoritism amid reports that parliament members were inoculated without prior approval.[66]
March 2021
As of 16 March, there have been 423,433 confirmed cumulative cases and 5,474 deaths because of coronavirus.[67]
On 18 March, it was reported that the first batch of Sputnik-V vaccines will arrive soon to Lebanon and will be available in all hospitals for 38 US dollars.[68]
On 24 March 2021, Syrian authorities said that they will provide emergency oxygen supplies to Lebanon who's enduring a shortage of oxygen.[69]
On 26 March, Lebanon received the first batch of 50.000 doses of Russian vaccines, noting that, according to the Lebanese Health Ministry, Lebanon has already received 224,640 Pfizer-BioNTech doses over the past six weeks.[70]
April 2021
On 8 April 2021, the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) started the vaccination campaign in 21 centers in Lebanon and the LAF commander, along with other officers, took the vaccine.[71]
May 2021
Lebanese authorities imposed a curfew for two days during Eid al-Fitr celebrations and only allowed a 30% capacity at mosques.[72]
June 2021
As of 28 June 2021, 545,363 cases were confirmed, with a 0.2% weekly change.[73]
February 2022
On 21 February 2022, Dr. Abdul Rahman Bizri, the head of the National Committee for the Administration of coronavirus vaccines stated that Lebanon has been able to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic well despite its "critical and difficult circumstances," and that the coronavirus "has begun to turn from a pandemic to an endemic".[74]
Statistics
New cases per day
New deaths per day
As of August 2023, Lebanon has over 1.2 million confirmed cases and almost 11,000 deaths due to the virus. The figures may be higher, due to underreporting.
Containment
Education
On 28 February, the Minister of Education Tarek al-Majzoub announced the closure of all educational institutions starting on 29 February until 8 March.[75] The decision was seen as unnecessarily strict by some universities including the American University of Beirut, the Lebanese American University, and the Université Saint-Joseph who called for evidence-based decision-making to avoid unnecessary panic. After initially announcing that it would stay open in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, and ignoring the Lebanese Ministry of Education and Higher Education's request that it shut down, in early March 2020 the university announced that it would close down.[76][77] The universities did ultimately abide by the decision and close after discussions with the Minister of Education.[78] The American University of Beirut has consequently formed an expert committee for independent advising on the pandemic.[79]
On 6 March, the Minister of Health Hamad Hassan declared that "Lebanon is no longer in Coronavirus containment stage" following the entry of several new cases to Lebanon coming from countries previously classified as not infected and urged the population to take preventive measures such as avoiding public venues, like resorts and theaters.[80] Following this statement, the closure of schools, universities, and nurseries was extended to 14 March.[81]
Religion
In reaction to the pandemic, several religious institutions in Lebanon decided to act proactively changing traditional ceremony methods to limit the spread of the virus. Churches and mosques have been cleaned and disinfected, and practices have been adjusted. Within Christian communities, churches have emptied fonts of holy water, and communion is carried out by handing the Eucharist instead of placing directly in the mouth. Similarly, within Muslim communities, it was recommended that people use their own prayer rugs and do ritual cleaning at home. Instructions by both religious parties recommend greetings without hand-shaking nor kissing.[82]
Churches and mosques were reopened on 10 May at reduced capacity. The number of worshipers is not allowed to exceed 30% of the total capacity, and sanitary conditions and preventive measures must be followed. Churches and mosques were closed since 15 March to prevent the spread of the virus.[83][84]
Public places and businesses
On 21 January, weeks before the first case in Lebanon was confirmed, the Lebanese Football Association announced that they would suspend operations due to financial reasons; this suspension caused all remaining games of the 2019–20 Lebanese Premier League season to be cancelled.[85]
On 6 March, gyms, cinemas, theaters, and nightclubs were ordered to close their doors.[86][87]
On 11 March, all restaurants in Lebanon closed.[88]
On 12 March, most major malls announced their closure until further notice.[89]
On 4 May, restaurants and barbers were allowed to reopen, although at reduced capacity.[41][90]
On 12 October, nightclubs and bars were ordered to close alongside an expanded lockdown.[58]
Government
On 9 March, Lebanese Parliament closed down.[91] All people were instructed by the government to stay home, and the army was asked to intervene by order of the Lebanese president and prime minister.
On 12 March, the government announced that internet service through the public provider Ogero would be boosted through the end of April, to encourage users to stay home.[92] Other private internet companies and phone line companies followed suit with similar discounts/boosts for their customers.
Technology
On 21 February 2020, the international Lebanese website, "Lebanon Info Center",[93] was the first Lebanese website to officially cover the COVID-19 situation in Lebanon, with its page "Lebanon Coronavirus (COVID-19) Emergency", thus, it was the first to offer official emergency and cases numbers, non-commercial recommendations and advice that are based on science and the actual situation on the Lebanese territories.[94]
On 12 March 2020, a media site in Lebanon, The961, announced[95] the launch of a live tracker monitoring the number of confirmed cases, deaths, and recoveries in Lebanon in real-time, manually cross-referencing three sources by directly communicating with the Ministry of Health, World Health Organization and the Lebanese Red Cross.[96] In the announcement thread, The961 founder, Anthony Kantara, explained the frustration of the lack of consistent and clear information as the motivator. The dedicated page also includes the latest news, updates and FAQs surrounding COVID-19.[97]
On 19 March, the Information Minister Manal Abdul Samad launched a government site dedicated to the COVID-19 outbreak in Lebanon.[98] This website provides the latest statistics regarding COVID-19 infections in Lebanon.[99] However, the website updates may depend on the ministry availability constraints.
Politicization
As the first flight introducing coronavirus patients was a flight from Qom, Iran—a city plagued by the coronavirus—some Lebanese citizens and media have cast blame onto Iran and Hezbollah for being silent about the issue and not taking necessary measures against it. Some agents blamed Iran for bringing the virus into the country. Following that, Information Minister Manal Abdul-Samad warned against involving political tensions in the pandemic.[100]
Economic impact
Non-payment of salaries was reported.[93] A suffocating economic crisis has left Lebanon's poor with little or no means to cope with extra hardship.[101]
The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Michelle Bachelet raised the alarm on Lebanon's socio-economic crisis on 10 July 2020. Her statement cited Lebanese and UN figures that estimated 75% of Lebanon's population are in need of aid. Since October, the Lira had lost more than 80% of its value and chronic power cuts are now the norm. In addition, Lebanon hosts more than 250,000 migrant workers, many of which have lost their jobs, not been paid, been left homeless, and unable to send remittances to their families back home. Bachlet called on the country's political parties to urgently enact reforms and prioritize essentials such as electricity, food, health and education.[102][103]
Controversy
Lebanon has faced a significant shortage of test kits amidst the outbreak. Al Jazeera reported that illegal migrants have no access to testing.[104]
See also
References
- 1 2 Ritchie, Hannah; Mathieu, Edouard; Rodés-Guirao, Lucas; Appel, Cameron; Giattino, Charlie; Ortiz-Ospina, Esteban; Hasell, Joe; Macdonald, Bobbie; Beltekian, Diana; Dattani, Saloni; Roser, Max (2020–2022). "Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19)". Our World in Data. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
- ↑ "COVID - Coronavirus Statistics - Worldometer". Retrieved 25 April 2023.
- ↑ "WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard". covid19.who.int. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
- ↑ "Lebanon announces first coronavirus case". 21 February 2020.
- ↑ A., Mouton, Christopher. COVID-19 Air Traffic Visualization : worldwide spread of COVID-19 accelerated starting on February 19, 2020. OCLC 1202435594.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ Elsevier. "Novel Coronavirus Information Center". Elsevier Connect. Archived from the original on 30 January 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
- ↑ Reynolds, Matt (4 March 2020). "What is coronavirus and how close is it to becoming a pandemic?". Wired UK. ISSN 1357-0978. Archived from the original on 5 March 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
- ↑ CDC (14 July 2021). "COVID-19 and Your Health". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
- 1 2 "Crunching the numbers for coronavirus". Imperial News. 13 March 2020. Archived from the original on 19 March 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
- ↑ "High consequence infectious diseases (HCID); Guidance and information about high consequence infectious diseases and their management in England". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 3 March 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
- ↑ "World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists – Coronavirus". wfsahq.org. Archived from the original on 12 March 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
- ↑ CSSEGISandData (19 December 2020), CSSEGISandData/COVID-19, retrieved 20 December 2020
- ↑ "First Coronavirus Case Confirmed in Lebanon". The961. 21 February 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
- ↑ "Lebanon reports second coronavirus case". aa.com.tr. Archived from the original on 27 February 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
- ↑ "Second Coronavirus Case Just Recorded in Lebanon". The961. 27 February 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
- ↑ Foundation, Thomson Reuters. "Lebanon health ministry confirms third case of coronavirus, NNA reports". news.trust.org. Archived from the original on 27 February 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
{{cite web}}:|first=has generic name (help) - ↑ "Health Ministry Confirms Third Cononavirus Case in Lebanon" (in Arabic). MTV Lebanon. Archived from the original on 27 February 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
- ↑ "Iraq, Lebanon confirm new coronavirus cases". aa.com.tr. Archived from the original on 29 February 2020. Retrieved 29 February 2020.
- ↑ "Lebanon Just Confirmed 7 Coronavirus Cases in Total". The961. 29 February 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
- ↑ "Three New Coronavirus Cases Just Reported in Lebanon by the Health Ministry". The961. 1 March 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
- ↑ Abdul Reda, Nour (4 March 2020). "Lebanon Just Confirmed More Coronavirus Cases Bringing the Total to 15". The961. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
- ↑ Abdul Reda, Nour (10 March 2020). "Breaking: First Person Dies From Coronavirus in Lebanon". The961. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
- ↑ Yassine, Hussein (11 March 2020). "Breaking: Second Coronavirus Death in Lebanon". The961. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
- ↑ Abdul Reda, Nour (11 March 2020). "First Fully Recovered Coronavirus Patient Just Announced in Lebanon". The961. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
- ↑ Abdul Reda, Nour (12 March 2020). "Breaking: Third Coronavirus Death Just Recorded in Lebanon". The961. Retrieved 12 March 2020.
- ↑ "Eleven new coronavirus cases and one recorded casualty in Lebanon". annahar.com. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
- ↑ Yassine, Hussein (13 March 2020). "Breaking: 1 New Coronavirus Case in Lebanon, Total of 78". The961. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
- ↑ Yassine, Hussein (13 March 2020). "Lebanon's Health Ministry Employee Tests Positive as Total Coronavirus Cases Reach 77". The961. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
- ↑ Yassine, Hussein (14 March 2020). "Breaking: 15 New Coronavirus Cases in Lebanon, Total of 93". The961. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
- ↑ Yassine, Hussein (15 March 2020). "Breaking: 6 New Coronavirus Cases in Lebanon, Total of 99". The961. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
- ↑ Jamal, Omar (15 March 2020). "Breaking: Lebanon Officially Declares State of Medical Emergency". The961. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
- ↑ Yassine, Hussein (15 March 2020). "Breaking: Lebanon Will Officially Shut Beirut Airport". The961. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
- ↑ "PM Diab calls on citizens to implement "self-curfew"". The Daily Star. 21 March 2020.
- ↑ Geldi, Mahmut (26 March 2020). "Lebanon to impose partial curfew over coronavirus". Anadolu Agency. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
- ↑ "Lebanon: people without ID blocked from coronavirus testing". Middle East Monitor. 30 March 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
- ↑ "Statement: On the Demise of Honorable Bernardita L. Catalla, Philippine Ambassador to Lebanon". Department of Foreign Affairs. 2 April 2020. Archived from the original on 8 May 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
- ↑ "Statement: On the Demise of Honorable Bernardita L. Catalla, Philippine Ambassador to Lebanon". Human Rights Watch. 2 April 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
- ↑ "Lebanon extends coronavirus lockdown to April 26". The Daily Star. 9 April 2020. Archived from the original on 10 April 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ↑ Karam, Zeina (22 April 2020). "First virus case recorded in refugee camp in Lebanon". Associated Press News. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
- ↑ Rummler, Orion (22 April 2020). "Palestinian refugee camp in Lebanon reports first coronavirus case". Axios. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
- 1 2 "Lebanon extends virus shutdown, PM warns of second wave". National Post. 5 May 2020. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ↑ "Covid-19 : how to avoid prolonged lockdown ?". Le Commerce. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
- ↑ "Coronavirus: Lebanon begins 'total' shutdown as cases increase". BBC. 13 May 2020. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
- ↑ Rose, Sunniva (12 May 2020). "Lebanon returning to lockdown for four days as cases spike". The National. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
- ↑ Knecht, Eric (21 May 2020). "Lebanon sees highest single-day jump in coronavirus cases". Reuters. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
- ↑ Trew, Bel (5 August 2020). "'The worst thing I've ever seen': Doctors treat wounded in rubble of destroyed hospitals after Beirut explosions". The Independent. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
- ↑ "Coronavirus: Lebanon reports record 1,006 cases in 24 hours". Middle East Eye. 20 September 2020.
- ↑ https://www.emro.who.int/images/stories/lebanon/who-lebanon-strategic-response-plan-27.9.20.pdf
- ↑ "They Killed Us from the Inside" An Investigation into the August 4 Beirut Blast (PDF) (Report). Human Rights Watch. 2021. p. 706. ISBN 978-1-62313-931-5.
- ↑ "'They have to pay for what they did': Families of Beirut blast victims fight for justice". France24. 31 July 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
- ↑ "Lebanon reports record daily Covid-19 cases | New Straits Times". NST Online. 7 August 2020.
- ↑ "Lebanon registers record number of daily COVID-19 cases". Reuters. 11 August 2020.
- ↑ "Lebanon orders two-week shutdown after COVID-19 surge". Reuters. 18 August 2020.
- ↑ Slyclose, Liz. "Coronavirus surge in Lebanon compounds the misery in a battered country". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 23 August 2020.
- ↑ "Lebanese politician Bassil infected with coronavirus, his party says". Reuters. 27 September 2020.
- ↑ "Over 600 Coronavirus Infections Detected In Lebanon's Prisons". 29 September 2020.
- ↑ "Lebanon puts 111 towns in lockdown to stop COVID-19 spread". Al Jazeera. 2 October 2020. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
- 1 2 "Lebanon to lock down nearly 170 districts in virus fight". Medical Xpress. 11 October 2020. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
- ↑ "Lebanese security chief tests positive for COVID-19 in U.S". Reuters. 19 October 2020.
- ↑ "Lebanon security chief returns to Beirut after positive COVID-19 test in U.S." Reuters. 23 October 2020 – via in.reuters.com.
- ↑ "Lebanon locks down 115 areas, imposes new curfew hours as coronavirus cases continue rise". Arab News. 2 November 2020. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
- ↑ "France, Lebanon confirm first cases of new coronavirus variant". Al Jazeera. 26 December 2020. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
- ↑ Houssari, Najia (26 December 2020). "First case of new COVID-19 strain found in Lebanon". Arab News. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
- ↑ "Lebanon reserving nearly 2 million coronavirus vaccines". Arab News. Associated Press. 28 December 2020. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
- ↑ "رئيس لجنة الصحة النيابية: "تسجيل وفيات في المنازل"... الوضح الصحي في لبنان خطير جدا". ministryinfo.gov (in Arabic). 5 January 2021. Archived from the original on 5 December 2022.
- ↑ "World Bank threatens to suspend vaccine funding to Lebanon". Associated Press News. 23 February 2021.
- ↑ "CORONAVIRUS IN THE WORLD AS OF WEDNESDAY 17 MARCH 2021: LATEST CASE AND DEATH TOLLS IN 24H PER COUNTRY". Sortiraparis. Julie M. 17 March 2021. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
- ↑ "مليون جرعة من لقاح "سبوتنيك V" تصل لبنان الأسبوع المقبل.. ماذا عن سعره؟". LBCI Lebanon (in Arabic). Retrieved 19 March 2021.
- ↑ "Syria to send Lebanon emergency oxygen supply for hospitals". Arab News. 24 March 2021. Retrieved 24 March 2021.
- ↑ "Lebanon receives Russian vaccines imported by private sector". dailystar.com.lb. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
- ↑ "انطلاق حملة تلقيح العسكريين ضد فيروس كوفيد-١٩ على جميع الأراضي اللبنانية". الموقع الرسمي للجيش اللبناني (in Arabic). Retrieved 8 April 2021.
- ↑ "Eid Al Fitr to begin on Thursday in Lebanon". The National. 12 May 2021. Retrieved 14 May 2021.
- ↑ "Lebanon: WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard With Vaccination Data". covid19.who.int. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
- ↑ Houssari, Najia. "Two years after pandemic, Lebanon succeeds in coping with COVID-19". Arab News. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
- ↑ "Lebanon says schools to be closed from Feb. 29 – March 8 amid coronavirus: education ministry statement". Reuters. 28 February 2020. Archived from the original on 28 February 2020. Retrieved 29 February 2020.
- ↑ "Lebanon shuts schools after fourth coronavirus case," Arab News.
- ↑ "Coronavirus: Lebanon to close schools, colleges for week | Mena". Gulf News. 2 March 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
- ↑ "Monday, March 2, 2020". aub.edu.lb. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
- ↑ "Expert committee on novel coronavirus COVID-19". aub.edu.lb. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
- ↑ "Health Minister Hassan: Lebanon is no longer in Coronavirus containment stage". LBCI Lebanon. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
- ↑ "Committee extends closure of schools, universities and nurseries until March 32". LBCI Lebanon. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
- ↑ "Coronavirus forces change to religious traditions in Lebanon". The National. 11 March 2020. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
- ↑ Houssari, Najia (6 May 2020). "Lebanon reopens mosques for Friday prayers, churches for Sunday mass". Arab News. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
- ↑ "Lebanon's Christians return to Mass – under social distancing guidelines". Crux. 10 May 2020. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
- ↑ "القرار المرّ: نشاط الفوتبول معلّق حتى إشعار آخر". الأخبار (in Arabic). Retrieved 27 January 2020.
- ↑ Yassine, Hussein (6 March 2020). "Breaking: All Gyms, Cinemas, Theaters in Lebanon Ordered to Shut Down Due to Coronavirus". The961. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
- ↑ Jamal, Omar (6 March 2020). "Breaking: All Nightclubs in Lebanon Ordered to Shut Down Due to Coronavirus". The961. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
- ↑ Jamal, Omar (12 March 2020). "Major Malls Across Lebanon Close Until Further Notice". The961. Retrieved 12 March 2020.
- ↑ Lilian Diab, Jasmin (11 March 2020). "All Restaurants in Lebanon Will Close Down to Contain Coronavirus". The961. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
- ↑ Houssari, Najia (3 May 2020). "Lebanon relaxes coronavirus restrictions by opening seaside promenades, restaurants". Arab News. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ↑ Zakhour, Maria (9 March 2020). "Lebanese Parliament Just Closed Due to Coronavirus". The961. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
- ↑ "Calls on citizens to implement self curfew". dailystar.com. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
- 1 2 "Lebanon Coronavirus (COVID-19) Emergency". Lebanon Info Center. 21 February 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
- ↑ "Lebanon Coronavirus (COVID-19) Emergency". Lebanon Info Center. 21 February 2020. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
- ↑ "Dedicated Page for the Coronavirus Outbreak in Lebanon". Reddit. 12 March 2020. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
- ↑ "Coronavirus Outbreak in Lebanon Live Tracker". The961. 12 March 2020. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
- ↑ "Dedicated Page for the Coronavirus Outbreak in Lebanon, Live News & Updates, Resources/Guides, as well as a live monitor of cases". Reddit. 12 March 2020. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
- ↑ "وزيرة الإعلام أطلقت صفحة 'كورونا' على موقع الوزارة" (in Arabic). MTV Lebanon. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
- ↑ "الجمهورية اللبنانية – وزارة اﻹعلام – الموقع الرسمي لمتابعة أخبار فيروس الكورونا في لبنان". كورونا في لبنان (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 1 April 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
- ↑ "Coronavirus politicized in Lebanon as some blame Iran". Associated Press News. 22 February 2020. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
- ↑ "Coronavirus compounds Lebanon's woes, many struggle for food". Reuters. 2 April 2020. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
- ↑ "OHCHR | Bachelet sounds alarm over Lebanon economic crisis, calls for urgent and unified response". ohchr.org. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
- ↑ "Lebanon 'fast spiralling out of control' leaving many destitute and facing starvation, warns Bachelet". UN News. 10 July 2020. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
- ↑ Timour Azhari. "Undocumented in Lebanon: No papers, no coronavirus test | Coronavirus pandemic News". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
External links
- Lebanon Coronavirus (COVID-19) Emergency: first source of information in Lebanon.
- Information on Coronavirus Archived 14 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine: Lebanese Ministry of Information.
- Rafik Hariri University Hospital: most public hospital to accept Coronavirus cases in Lebanon.
- The961 Coronavirus Outbreak Live Monitor: a live tracker of coronavirus cases in Lebanon.