Carex brevior
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Cyperaceae
Genus: Carex
Subgenus: Carex subg. Vignea
Section: Carex sect. Ovales
Species:
C. brevior
Binomial name
Carex brevior
Synonyms[2]
  • Carex festucacea var. brevior (Dewey) Fernald
  • Carex straminea var. brevior Dewey

Carex brevior, known as shortbeak sedge[3] and plains oval sedge,[4][5] is a species of sedge native to North America.[6] The specific epithet brevior means "shorter" in Latin.[5]

Description

Carex brevior forms dense tufts with short-prolonged rhizomes, the clumps sometimes appearing elongated.[6] The flowering culms are 15–120 cm (5.9–47.2 in) tall with 3 to 5 leaves per culm. Few vegetative culms are produced and unlike some other sedges, they are not strikingly 3-ranked. The leaf sheaths are white and papery and the ligule is 2.2–3.3 mm (0.087–0.13 in) long. The inflorescence is open, brown, up to 6.5 cm (2.6 in) long with between 3 and 7 distant, distinct spikes per culm. Each spike is ovoid or ellipsoide, typically attenuate at the base and acute or rounded at the tip, with 15–40 lenticular perigynia. The perigynia are green to reddish brown, orbiculate to broadly ovate, and typically 3.4–4.8 mm (0.13–0.19 in) long and 2.3–3.2 mm (0.091–0.126 in) across (1.2–1.8 times as long as wide).[6]

Carex brevior flowers in mid-May and early June,[5] fruiting in the early to mid summer.[6]

A member of Carex sect. Ovales, it is commonly confused with other closely related species such as Carex molesta, C. molestiformis, and C. cumulata. These species share general fruiting characteristics, with "broad perigynia that tend to be widest near the middle of the body and achenes that are broadly elliptic to round".[7][5] C. cumulata has perigynia that are more rhombic due to its narrowed wings beyond the middle of the perigynia and the nearly cuneate base.[5]

A heteroecious rust fungus, Puccinia dioicae, infects the foliage of Carex brevior, forming brownish spots and blemishes.[5]

Distribution and habitat

Carex brevior has a broad distribution in North America, encompassing most of the continental United States and southern Canada, south to Tamaulipas, Mexico.[6] Its habitats include dry-mesic to dry prairies, meadows, along railroads, and open woodlands, usually in sandy soils and commonly in areas of disturbance.[6][8][5] Specimens found in disturbed habitats in parts of the Southeastern United States may be introduced populations.[6]

Ethnobotany

The Iroquois used the plant as a gynecological aid, where a "compound infusion of [the] plant [was] taken for evacuation of the placenta."[9]

References

  1. ↑ "Carex brevior (Dewey) Mack". ipni.org. International Plant Names Index. Retrieved 2018-09-28.
  2. ↑ "Carex brevior". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanical Gardens Kew. Retrieved 2018-09-28.
  3. ↑ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Carex brevior". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2018-09-28.
  4. ↑ "Carex brevior". www.chicagobotanic.org. Chicago Botanic Garden. Retrieved 2018-09-28.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Wilhelm, Gerould; Rericha, Laura (2017). Flora of the Chicago Region: A Floristic and Ecological Synthesis. Indiana Academy of Sciences.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Mastrogiuseppe, Joy; Paul E. Rothrock; A. C. Dibble; A. A. Reznicek (2002). "Carex brevior". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 23. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2018-09-28 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  7. ↑ Hipp, Andrew; Rothrock, Paul; Reznicek, Anton; Berry, Paul (2007). "Chromosome Number Changes Associated with Speciation in Sedges: a Phylogenetic Study in Carex section Ovales (Cyperaceae) Using AFLP Data". Aliso. 23 (1): 193–203. doi:10.5642/aliso.20072301.14.
  8. ↑ Reznicek, A. A.; Voss, E. G.; Walters, B. S., eds. (February 2011). "Carex brevior". Michigan Flora Online. University of Michigan Herbarium. Retrieved 2018-09-28.
  9. ↑ "BRIT - Native American Ethnobotany Database". naeb.brit.org. Retrieved 2019-12-17.
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