Carme
Carme photographed by the Haute-Provence Observatory in December 1998
Discovery [1]
Discovered bySeth B. Nicholson
Discovery siteMt. Wilson Observatory
Discovery date30 July 1938
Designations
Designation
Jupiter XI
Pronunciation/ˈkɑːrmiː/[2][3]
Named after
Κάρμη Karmē
AdjectivesCarmean /kɑːrˈmiːən/[4]
Orbital characteristics[5]
Epoch 17 December 2020 (JD 2459200.5)
Observation arc82.02 yr (29,958 days)
0.1509370 AU (22,579,850 km)
Eccentricity0.2294925
–693.17 d
17.48241°
0° 31m 9.68s / day
Inclination163.53496° (to ecliptic)
209.94088°
133.45035°
Satellite ofJupiter
GroupCarme group
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
46.7±0.9 km[6]
10.40±0.05 h[7]
Albedo0.035±0.006[6]
Spectral type
D[6]
18.9[8]
10.5[5]

    Carme /ˈkɑːrmiː/ is a retrograde irregular satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered by Seth Barnes Nicholson at Mount Wilson Observatory in California in July 1938.[1] It is named after the mythological Carme, mother by Zeus of Britomartis, a Cretan goddess.

    History

    Carme observed by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) spacecraft in 2014

    Carme did not receive its present name until 1975;[9] before then, it was simply known as Jupiter XI. It was sometimes called "Pan"[10] between 1955 and 1975 (Pan is now the name of a satellite of Saturn).

    It gives its name to the Carme group, made up of irregular retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at a distance ranging between 23 and 24 Gm and at an inclination of about 165°. Its orbital elements are as of January 2000.[11] They are continuously changing due to solar and planetary perturbations.

    Properties

    With a diameter of 46.7±0.9 km, it is the largest member of the Carme group and the fourth largest irregular moon of Jupiter.[6] It is light red in color (B−V=0.76, V−R=0.47), similar to D-type asteroids and consistent with Taygete, but not Kalyke.[12]

    See also

    References

    1. 1 2 Nicholson, S. B. (1938). "Two New Satellites of Jupiter". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 50 (297): 292–293. Bibcode:1938PASP...50..292N. doi:10.1086/124963. S2CID 120216615.
    2. ↑ Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language
    3. ↑ "Carme". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d.
    4. ↑ Yenne (1987) The Atlas of the Solar System
    5. 1 2 "M.P.C. 127087" (PDF). Minor Planet Circular. Minor Planet Center. 17 November 2019.
    6. 1 2 3 4 Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Mainzer, A. K.; Masiero, J. R.; Nugent, C. R.; Cutri, R. M.; et al. (August 2015). "NEOWISE: Observations of the Irregular Satellites of Jupiter and Saturn" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 809 (1): 9. arXiv:1505.07820. Bibcode:2015ApJ...809....3G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/809/1/3. S2CID 5834661. 3.
    7. ↑ Luu, Jane (September 1991). "CCD photometry and spectroscopy of the outer Jovian satellites". Astronomical Journal. 102: 1213–1225. Bibcode:1991AJ....102.1213L. doi:10.1086/115949. ISSN 0004-6256.
    8. ↑ Sheppard, Scott. "Scott S. Sheppard - Jupiter Moons". Department of Terrestrial Magnetism. Carnegie Institution for Science. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
    9. ↑ IAUC 2846: Satellites of Jupiter 1974 October 7 (naming the moon)
    10. ↑ Payne-Gaposchkin, Cecilia; Katherine Haramundanis (1970). Introduction to Astronomy. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-478107-4.
    11. ↑ Jacobson, R. A. (2000). "The Orbits of Outer Jovian Satellites" (PDF). Astronomical Journal. 120 (5): 2679–2686. Bibcode:2000AJ....120.2679J. doi:10.1086/316817. S2CID 120372170. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 September 2017.
    12. ↑ Grav, Tommy; Holman, M. J.; Gladman, B. J.; Aksnes, K. (2003). "Photometric survey of the irregular satellites". Icarus. 166 (1): 33–45. arXiv:astro-ph/0301016. Bibcode:2003Icar..166...33G. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2003.07.005. S2CID 7793999.
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