Soyuz-U, the most prolific orbital launch system in history

This comparison of orbital launch systems lists the attributes of all individual rocket configurations designed to reach orbit. A first list contains rockets that are operational or in development as of 2023; a second list includes all upcoming rockets and a third list includes all retired rockets For the simple list of all conventional launcher families, see: Comparison of orbital launchers families. For the list of predominantly solid-fueled orbital launch systems, see: Comparison of solid-fueled orbital launch systems.

Spacecraft propulsion[note 1] is any method used to accelerate spacecraft and artificial satellites. Orbital launch systems are rockets and other systems capable of placing payloads into or beyond Earth orbit. All launch vehicle propulsion systems employed to date have been chemical rockets falling into one of three main categories:

  • Solid-propellant rockets or solid-fuel rockets have a motor that uses solid propellants, typically a mix of powdered fuel and oxidizer held together by a polymer binder and molded into the shape of a hollow cylinder. The cylinder is ignited from the inside and burns radially outward, with the resulting expanding gases and aerosols escaping out via the nozzle.[note 2]
  • Liquid-propellant rockets have a motor that feeds liquid propellant(s) into a combustion chamber. Most liquid engines use a bipropellant, consisting of two liquid propellants (fuel and oxidizer) which are stored and handled separately before being mixed and burned inside the combustion chamber.
  • Hybrid-propellant rockets use a combination of solid and liquid propellant, typically involving a liquid oxidizer being pumped through a hollow cylinder of solid fuel.

All current spacecraft use conventional chemical rockets (solid-fuel or liquid bipropellant) for launch, though some[note 3] have used air-breathing engines on their first stage.[note 4]

Current rockets

Orbits legend:

Vehicle Origin Manufacturer Height Boosters

and stages

 Maximum payload mass
(kg)		 Reuse Orbital
launches
including
failures[lower-alpha 1]		 Launch site(s) Dates of flight
Bstrs Stgs LEO GTO Other First Latest
Angara A5  Russia Khrunichev 55.4 m 4 2-3 24,500[1] 5,400 with Briz-M[2]
7,500 with KVTK		 N/A No 3[1] 2014 2021
Angara 1.2  Russia Khrunichev 42.7 m 0 2 3,500[2] N/A 2,400 to SSO[3] No 2[4] 2022 2022
Atlas V 551  United States ULA 58.3 m 5 2-3 18,850[5] 8,900[5] 13,550 to SSO[6]
3,850 to GEO[5]		 No 14 2006 2023
Atlas V N22[lower-alpha 2]  United States ULA 52.4 m 2 2 13,000[8] N/A N/A No 2[8] 2019[9] 2022
Ceres-1 (3)[lower-alpha 3]  China Galactic Energy 20 m 0 4 400[11] N/A 300 to SSO[11] No 8[12] 2022 2023
Ceres-1S[lower-alpha 4]  China Galactic Energy 20 m 0 4 ~ 400[11] N/A ~ 300 to SSO[11] No 1[12]
  • China DeFu 15002 platform
 2023 2023
Chollima-1  North Korea NADA 26.2 m 0 3 > 300[13] N/A N/A No 3[14] 2023 2023
Delta IV Heavy  United States ULA 72 m 2 2 28,370[15] 14,210[15] 23,560 to polar [15]
11,290 to TLI
8,000 to TMI		 No 15[16] 2004 2023
Electron  United States
 New Zealand		 Rocket Lab 18 m 0 2-3 300[17] N/A 200 to SSO[17] Yes 41[18] 2017 2023
Epsilon  Japan IHI[19] 24.4 m 0 3-4 1,500[20] N/A 590 to SSO[20] No 6[20] 2013 2022
Falcon 9 Block 5  United States SpaceX 70 m 0 2 17,400[21] 5,500[21] N/A Yes 235[21] 2018 2024
22,800[21] 8,300[21] 4,020 to TMI[21] No
Falcon Heavy[22]  United States SpaceX 70 m 2 2 30,000[23] 8,000[24] N/A Yes 9[24] 2018 2023
63,800[24] 26,700[24] 16,800 to TMI[24] No
Firefly Alpha  United States Firefly Aerospace 29 m 0 2 1,030[25] N/A 630 to SSO[25] No 4[26] 2021 2023
Gravity-1  China Orienspace 31.4 m 4 2 6,500[27] N/A 4,200 to SSO[27] No 1[27]
  • China Sea launch platform
 2024 2024
GSLV Mk II  India ISRO 49.1 m 2 3 6,000[28] 2,250[28] N/A No 9[29] 2010 2023
H-IIA 202  Japan Mitsubishi 53 m 2 2 8,000[30] 4,000[30] 5,100 to SSO[lower-alpha 5] No 33[31] 2001 2023
H3-22S  Japan Mitsubishi 57 m 2 2 N/A[32] 3,500 N/A No 1[33] 2023 2023
Hyperbola-1 (2)[lower-alpha 6]  China i-Space 22.5 m 0 4 300[35] N/A 300 to SSO[35] No 5[35] 2021 2023
Jielong 1[36]  China CALT 19.5 m 0 4 N/A N/A 200 to SSO[37] No 1[36] 2019 2019
Jielong 3  China CALT 31.8 m 0 4 N/A N/A 1,500 (500 km SSO)[38] No 2[38]
  • China Tai Rui Launch Platform
 2022 2022
Kinetica 1  China CAS Space 30 m 0 4 2,000[39] N/A 1,500[39] (500 km SSO) No 2[39] 2022 2023
Kuaizhou 1A  China ExPace 19.8 m 2 4 400[40] N/A 250 to SSO No 28[40] 2013[lower-alpha 7] 2024
Kuaizhou 11  China ExPace 25.3 m 0 4 1,500[42] N/A 1,000 to SSO[42] No 2[43] 2020 2022
Long March 2C  China CALT 42 m 0 2-3 3,850
[44]		 1,250 with CTS2[44] 2,000 to SSO with YZ-1S[45] No 75[46] 1982 2023
Long March 2D  China SAST 41.1 m 0 2-3 3,500[47] N/A 1,150 to SSO[48] No 85[46] 1992 2023
Long March 2F  China CALT 62 m 4 2 8,400[47] N/A N/A No 22[46] 1999 2023
Long March 3A  China CALT 52.5 m 0 3 6,000[49] 2,600[49] 5,000 to SSO
1,420 to TLI[49]		 No 27[49] 1994 2018
Long March 3B/E  China CALT 56.3 m 4 3-4 11,500[49] 5,500[49] 6,900 to SSO
3,500 to TLI[49]		 No 81[49] 2007 2023
Long March 3C  China CALT 54.8 m 2 3 9,100[49] 3,800[49] 6,500 to SSO
2,300 to TLI[49]		 No 18[49] 2008 2021
Long March 4B  China SAST 44.1 m 0 3 4,200[50] 1,500[50] 2,800 to SSO[50] No 48[50] 1999 2023
Long March 4C  China SAST 45.8 m 0 3 4,200[51] 1,500[51] 2,800 to SSO[51] No 53[51] 2006 2023
Long March 5  China CALT 56.9 m 4 2-3 25,000[52] 14,000 [52] 15,000 to SSO[53]
4,500 to GEO[53]
8,200 to TLI[54]
6,000 to TMI[54]		 No 6[53] 2016 2023
Long March 5B  China CALT 56.9 m 4 1 25,000[53] N/A N/A No 4[53] 2020[55] 2022
Long March 6  China SAST 29 m 0 3 1,500[56] N/A 1,080 to SSO[56] No 11[56] 2015 2023
Long March 6A  China SAST 50 m 4 2 N/A N/A 4,500 to SSO[57] No 4[58] 2022 2023
Long March 7  China CALT 53.1 m 4 2 14,000[59] 7,000 5,500 to SSO[59] No 8[60] 2016[61] 2024
Long March 7A  China CALT 60.13 m 4 3 13,500 7,000[55] N/A No 6[60] 2020 2023
Long March 8  China CALT 50.34 m 0 or 2 2 8,400 2,800[62] 5,000 to SSO[62] No 2[63] 2020 2022
Long March 11  China CALT 20.8 m 0 4 700[64] N/A 350 to SSO[64] No 17[64]
  • China JSLC,
  • China XSLC,
  • China Tai Rui Launch Platform
  • China De Bo 3 Launch Platform
  • China DeFu 15002 Launch Platform
 2015 2023
LVM 3  India ISRO 43.4 m 2 2 8,000[65] 4,000[65] 2,380 to TLI No 6[66] 2017[lower-alpha 8] 2023
Minotaur-C[68]  United States Northrop Grumman 27.9 m 0 4 1,458[69] 445[69] 1,054 to SSO[lower-alpha 9][69] No 1[69] 2017 2017
Minotaur I  United States Northrop Grumman 19.2 m 0 4 580[70] N/A N/A No 12[71] 2000 2021
Minotaur IV  United States Northrop Grumman 23.9 m 0 4 1,730[70] N/A N/A No 5[72][lower-alpha 10] 2010 2020
Minotaur V  United States Northrop Grumman 24.6 m 0 5 N/A 678[72] 465 to HCO[72] No 1[72] 2013 2013
Nuri (KSLV-II)  South Korea KARI 47.2 m 0 3 3,300[73] N/A 1,900 to SSO[73] No 3[74] 2021 2023
Pegasus XL  United States Northrop Grumman 16.9 m 0 3-4 454[75] N/A N/A No 35[76] 1994 2021
Proton-M  Russia Khrunichev 58.2 m 0 3-4 23,000[77] 6,150  [78] 3,300 to GEO[78] No 115[79][80][78] 2001 2023
PSLV-CA  India ISRO 44.4 m 0 4 2,100[81] N/A 1,100 to SSO[81] No 17[82][81] 2007 2023
PSLV-DL  India ISRO 44.4 m 2 4 N/A N/A 750 to polar No 4[83] 2019 2024
PSLV-QL  India ISRO 44.4 m 4 4 N/A N/A N/A No 2[84] 2019 2019
PSLV-XL  India ISRO 44.4 m 6 4 3,800[85] 1,300[85] 1,750 to SSO[85]
550 to TMI[86]		 No 25[85] 2008 2023
Qaem 100  Iran IRGC 15.5 m 0 3 80[87] N/A N/A No 1[lower-alpha 11] 2023 2023
Qased  Iran IRGC 18.8 m 0 3 40[88] N/A N/A No 3[88] 2020 2023
Shavit-2  Israel IAI 22.1 m 0 3-4 400 in Retrograde[89] N/A N/A No 6[90] 2007 2023
Simorgh  Iran Iranian Space Agency 26 m 0 2-3 350[91] N/A N/A No 2[91][lower-alpha 12] 2017 2021
SK solid fueled TV2 South Korea South Korea MND 19.5 m 0 3 > 100[92] N/A N/A No 1[92] 2023 2023
Soyuz-2.1a  Russia TsSKB-Progress 46.3 m 4 2-3 7,020 from Baikonur
6,830 from Plesetsk
7,150 from Vostochny[93]		 N/A 4,450 to SSO[94] No 63[95][94][96] 2006[lower-alpha 13] 2023
Soyuz-2.1b  Russia TsSKB-Progress 46.3 m 4 2-3 8,200 from Baikonur
7,850 from Plesetsk
8,320 from Vostochny[93]		 3,060[98] 4,900 to SSO[98] No 69[99][98] 2006 2023
Soyuz-2.1v  Russia TsSKB-Progress 44 m 0 2-3 2,800[100] N/A 1,400 to SSO 2,630 to polar[100] No 11[100] 2013 2023
Starship[101]  United States SpaceX 121 m 0 2 150,000[102] - 250,000 N/A N/A Yes 2 2023 2023
SLS Block 1  United States NASA Boeing
Northrop Grumman		 98 m 2 2 95,000[103] N/A 27,000+ to TLI[103] No 1[104] 2022[105] 2022
SSLV  India ISRO 34 m 0 4 500[106] N/A 300 to SSO[106] No 2[107] 2022 2023
Tianlong-2  China Space Pioneer 32.8 m 0 3 2,000[108] N/A 1,500 to SSO[108] No 1[108] 2023 2023
Vega  EuropeItaly Italy ArianeGroupAvio 31 m 0 4 2,300[109] N/A 1,330 to SSO[110]

1,500 to polar[111]

 No 21[112] 2012 2023
Vega-C  EuropeItaly Italy ArianeGroupAvio 36.2 m 0 4 3,300[113] N/A 2,200 to SSO 2,300 to polar[113] No 2[114] 2022 2022
Vulcan Centaur VC2  United States ULA 61.6 m 2 2 19,000[115] 8,400[115] 2,600 to GEO

15,200 to polar 6,300 to TLI[115]

 Yes 1[116] 2024 2024
Zhuque-2  China LandSpace 49.5 m 0 2 6,000[117] N/A 4,000 to SSO[117] No 3[117] 2022[118] 2023
  1. ↑ Suborbital flight tests and on-pad explosions are excluded, but launches failing en route to orbit are included.
  2. ↑ for Starliner[7]
  3. ↑ Despite not being officially acknowledged by the manufacturer, significant changes between different iterations of the rocket lead to the identification of different variants.[10]
  4. ↑ Sea-launched version of the third unofficial iteration of the Ceres-1 launch vehicle.
  5. ↑ 5,100 kg to a 500-km Sun-synchronous orbit; 3,300 kg to 800 km[30]: 64–65 
  6. ↑ Despite not being officially acknowledged by the manufacturer, significant changes between different iterations of the rocket lead to the identification of different variants.[34]
  7. ↑ A suborbital test flight was conducted in March 2012.[41]
  8. ↑ A suborbital test flight was conducted in 2014 (designated LVM-3/CARE) without the cryogenic upper stage (CUS).[67]
  9. ↑ Reference altitude 400 km
  10. ↑ Additionally, two suborbital missions were conducted in 2010 and 2011.[72]
  11. ↑ A suborbital test flight succeeded in 2022.
  12. ↑ A suborbital test flight succeeded in 2016; both orbital flights in 2017 and 2019 failed.[91]
  13. ↑ Suborbital test flight in 2004, without Fregat upper stage.[97]

Upcoming rockets

Upcoming launch vehicles

Vehicle Origin Manufacturer Height Boosters

and stages

 Payload mass to ... (kg) Reuse Launch Site (s) Date of first flight
Bstrs Stgs LEO GTO Other
Agnibaan  India AgniKul Cosmos 18 m 0 3 150 N/A 90 to SSO No 2024
Angara A5M  Russia Khrunichev 55.4 m 4 2 26,800 4,100-5,200 N/A No 2024
Angara A5P  Russia Khrunichev TBA 4 1 18,800 N/A N/A No 2028
Angara A5V  Russia Khrunichev 70 m 4 3 37,500 8,000 N/A Yes 2027
Antares 330  United States Northrop Grumman

Firefly Aerospace[lower-alpha 1]

 47 m 0 2 10,500 N/A N/A No 2025
Ariane 6 A62  Europe ArianeGroup 63 m 2 2 10,350[119]: 45  5,000[119]: 33  6,450 to SSO
3,000 to HEO
3,000 to TLI [119]: 40–49 		 No 2024[120]
Ariane 6 A64  Europe ArianeGroup 63 m 4 2 21,650[119]: 46  11,500+ [119]: 33  14,900 to SSO
5,000 to GEO
8,400 to HEO
8,500 to TLI [119]: 40–49 		 No 2024[120]
Aurora Canada Canada Reaction Dynamics 18 m 0 2 200 N/A N/A No 2024
Aventura 1 Argentina Argentina TLON Space 10 m 0 2 25 N/A N/A Yes TBA 2024
Blue Whale 1  South Korea Perigee Aerospace 21 m 0 2 165[121] N/A 185 to SSO Yes 2024
195[121] 220 to SSO No
Cosmos  Russia SR space 18.5 m 0 2 100 N/A N/A Yes TBA
Cyclone-4M  Ukraine Yuzhnoye
Yuzhmash		 38.7 m 0 2 5,000[122] 1,000[123] 3,350 to SSO[122] No 2025[124]
Darwin II  China Rocket Pi 27.2 m 0 2 470 N/A N/A No TBD 2024
Dauntless  United States Vaya Space 35 m 0 2 1,000 N/A N/A No
  • United States CCSFS,
  • United States The Spaceport Company Launch Platform
 2025
Daytona  United States Phantom Space 18.7 m 0 2 500 N/A 370 No 2024
Epsilon S Japan Japan JAXA 27.2 m 0 3 1,400 N/A 600 to SSO No 2024
Eris Block 1  Australia Gilmour Space Technologies 25 m 0 3 305[125] N/A N/A No 2024[126]
Eris Block 2  Australia Gilmour Space Technologies TBA 0 650 N/A 450 to SSO No 2020s
Gravity-2  China Orienspace 60 m 0 2 8,600 5,800 10,900 to SSO Yes 2024
2 16,000
Hanbit-Nano South Korea South Korea Innospace 17 m 0 2 150 N/A 90 No 2024
Hera II  United Kingdom Astraius Northrop Grumman Exquadrum[127] ~26 m 0 3 800 N/A N/A No 2025
Hyperbola-3  China i-Space 69 m 0 2 8,500 N/A N/A Yes 2025[128]
13,400 No
H3-22L  Japan Mitsubishi 63 m 2 2 N/A[32] N/A N/A No 2020s
H3-24L  Japan Mitsubishi 63 m 4 2 ~ 15,000 6,500 N/A No 2020s
H3-30S  Japan Mitsubishi 57 m 0 2 N/A[32] N/A 4,000 to SSO No 2020s
Jielong 4  China CALT TBA No TBA 2024
Kairos  Japan Space One 18 m 0 4 250 N/A 150 to SSO[129] No
  • Japan Space Port Kii
 2024
KSLV-III South Korea South Korea KARI 54m 0 2 10,000 3,500 7,000 to SSO

1,800 to TLI

 No 2030
Laguna  United States Phantom Space 20.5 m 0 2 630 N/A N/A Yes TBA
1,200 No
Long March 6C  China CALT 43 m 0 2 4,500 N/A N/A No 2024
Long March 9  China CALT 114 m 0 2-3 80,000 - 150,000[130] 66,000 53,000 to TLI[130]
40,000 to TMI[131]		 Yes 2033
Long March 10  China CALT 89[lower-alpha 2] 2 3 70,000 N/A 27,000 to TLI No 2027
93.2 m[lower-alpha 3]
Long March 10A  China CALT 67 m 0 2 14,000 N/A N/A Yes >2027
18,000 No
Maia France France MaiaSpace 50 m 0 2-3 TBA N/A N/A Yes 2025
No
Miura 5  Spain PLD Space 35.7 m 0 2-3 840 N/A 540 to SSO Yes 2026[132]
MLV  United States Firefly Aerospace 55.7 m 0 2 16,000 N/A N/A No 2025[133]
Nebula-1  China Deep Blue Aerospace TBA 0 2 1,000 N/A N/A Yes 2024
Neutron  United States
 New Zealand		 Rocket Lab 42.8 m 0 2 8,000[lower-alpha 4] N/A N/A Yes 2024[134]
13,000
15,000 No
New Glenn  United States Blue Origin 98 m 0 2 45,000[135] 13,000 N/A Yes 2024
NGLV LEO  India ISRO 88 m 0 3 7,700[lower-alpha 5] N/A N/A Yes TBA
9,900 Yes
16,900 No
NGLV GEO  India ISRO 92 m 0 3 N/A 5,200 N/A Yes TBA
25,000 8,900 No
Nova  United States Stoke Space 28.5 m 0 2 1,500 N/A N/A Yes TBA
OB-1 Mk1 France France HyPrSapce 11 m 6 2 200 N/A N/A No 2026[136]
Pallas-1  China Galactic Energy 42 m 0 2 5,000 N/A 3,000 to SSO Yes 2024[137]
Prime  United Kingdom Orbex 19 m 0 2 180 N/A 100 to SSO[lower-alpha 6][138] No 2024
RFA One  Germany RFA 30 m 0 2-3 1,600[139] 450[139] 1,300 to SSO No 2024[140]
Rocket 4  United States Astra 18.9 m 0 2 500 N/A 350 to SSO No 2024
Rokot-M  Russia Khrunichev TBA 0 3 1,950 N/A N/A No 2024
RS1 Block 2  United States ABL Space Systems 27 m 0 2 1,350[141] 400 975 to SSO
750 to MEO		 No 2024
Shockwave  United States iRocket 0 2 2,200 N/A N/A Yes TBD 2027
ŞİMŞEK-1 Turkey Turkey Roketsan TBA 0 3 400 N/A N/A No 2027
Siraya Taiwan Taiwan TASA 25 m 0 2 200 N/A N/A No TBD TBA
Skyrora XL  United Kingdom Skyrora 22.7 m 0 3 315 N/A 315 to SSO[142] No 2024
SK solid fueled LV South Korea South Korea MND 26.8 m 0 4 1,500 N/A N/A No TBA
SLK  Russia Khrunichev Space Center TBA 0 2 600 N/A N/A Yes TBA TBA
SLS Block 1B[lower-alpha 7]  United States NASA / Boeing
Northrop Grumman		 111 m 2 2 105,000[143] N/A 37,000 to TLI[144] No 2028
SLS Block 2[lower-alpha 8]  United States NASA / Boeing
Northrop Grumman		 111 m 2 2 130,000[145] N/A 45,000 to HCO[144] No 2033
SL1  Germany HyImpulse 30 m 0 3 500 N/A N/A No 2025
Soyuz-5 (Irtysh)  Russia TsSKB-Progress
RSC Energia		 61.87 m 0 2 18,000[146] N/A 2,500 to GEO No 2025[147]
Soyuz-6 (Volga)  Russia TsSKB-Progress TBA 0 2 9,300 2,300 5,500 No 2025
Soyuz-7 (Amur)  Russia JSC SRC Progress 55 m 0 2 10,500[148] 2,600 4,700 to SSO Yes 2028
13,600[148] No
Spectrum  Germany Isar Aerospace 28 m 0 2 1,000[149] N/A 700 to SSO[149] No 2025[150]
Stalker  Russia SR space 32.8 m 0 2 950 N/A N/A No 2024
Start-1M  Russia MITT TBA 0 700 N/A N/A No TBA
Sterne France France OPUS Aerospace 9 m 0 2 250 N/A 230 to SSO / Polar Yes TBA[151]
Terran R  United States Relativity Space 82 m 0 2 23,500 5,500[152] N/A Yes 2026[152]
33,500 No
Tianlong-3  China Space Pioneer 71 m 0 2 17,000 N/A 14,000 to SSO Yes 2024
Tronador II-250 Argentina Argentina CONAE 27 m 0 2 500 N/A N/A No 2030
Valkyrie  Germany GAIA Aerospace 11.5 m 0 2 N/A N/A 100 to SSO 500 km Yes TBA[153]
Vector-R  United States Vector Launch 12 m 0 2 60 N/A 26 to SSO No TBA
Vega-E  Europe ESA ASI 36.2 m 0 3 3,000[154] N/A N/A No 2026
Vikram 1[155]  India Skyroot Aerospace[156] 20 m 0 4 315 to 45º inclination 500 km LEO N/A 200 to 500 km SSPO No 2024
Vikram 2[155]  India Skyroot Aerospace TBA 0 4 520 to 45º inclination 500 km LEO N/A 410 to 500 km SSPO No TBA
Vikram 3[155]  India Skyroot Aerospace TBA 4 720 to 45º inclination 500 km LEO N/A 580 to 500 km SSPO No TBA
VLM Brazil Brazil IAE 19.6 m 0 3 150 N/A N/A No 2025
Volans V500 Singapore Singapore Equatorial Space Systems TBA 0 150 N/A N/A Yes
  • Singapore Sea launch platform
 2024
Vulcan Centaur VC0  United States ULA 61.6 m 0 2 10,800 3,500 2,300 to TLI Yes 2020s
Vulcan Centaur VC4  United States ULA 61.6 m 4 2 24,600 11,700 4,900 to GEO
9,200 to TLI		 Yes 2020s
Vulcan Centaur VC6  United States ULA 61.6 m 6 2 27,200[157] 14,400[157] 6,500 to GEO
11,500 to TLI		 Yes 2020s
XLV-22  China CALT 59 m 0 2 10,000 N/A 5,000 to SSO No 2024
Yenisei[158]  Russia TsSKB-Progress
RSC Energia		 ~80 m 6 3 88,000 – 115,000[159] N/A 27,000 to TLI[160][161][162] Yes 2030s
Zephyr France France Latitude 17 m 0 2 100 N/A 70 to SSO No 2025
Zero  Japan Interstellar Technologies 32 m 0 2 800 N/A 250 to SSO No 2025
Zhuque-3  China LandSpace TBA 0 2 11,000 TBA TBA Yes TBA 2025
20,000
Zuljanah  Iran Iranian Space Agency 25.5 m 0 3 220[163] N/A N/A No 2020s
  1. ↑ provides the first stage, including engines
  2. ↑ Height for uncrewed version
  3. ↑ Height for crewed version
  4. ↑ When first stage returned to launch site
  5. ↑ When first stage returned to launch site
  6. ↑ Reference altitude 500 km
  7. ↑ with EUS
  8. ↑ with EUS and
    advanced boosters

Retired rockets

Vehicle Origin Manufacturer Height Boosters

and stages

 Mass to ... (kg) Reuse Launches
(+ suborbital)		 Launch Site (s) Date of flight
Bstrs Stgs LEO GTO Other First Last
Antares 110–130  United States Orbital 40.5-41.9 m 0 2 5,100[164] 1,500 to SSO No 5[164] 2013 2014
Antares 230 / 230+  United States Northrop Grumman 42.5 m 0 2 8,200[164] 3,000 to SSO[lower-alpha 1] No 13 2016 2023
Ariane 1  Europe Aérospatiale 49.1 m 0 3 1,830[165] No 11[165] 1979 1986
Ariane 2  Europe Aérospatiale 49.1 m 0 3 2,270[165] No 6[165] 1986 1989
Ariane 3  Europe Aérospatiale 49.1 m 2 3 2,650[165] No 11[165] 1984 1989
Ariane 4 40  Europe Aérospatiale 58.7 m 0 3 4,600[165] 2,105 2,740 to SSO No 7[165] 1990 1999
Ariane 4 42L  Europe Aérospatiale 58.7 m 2 3 7,000[165] 3,480 4,500 to SSO No 13[165] 1993 2002
Ariane 4 42P  Europe Aérospatiale 58.7 m 2 3 6,000[165] 2,930 3,400 to SSO No 15[165] 1990 2002
Ariane 4 44L  Europe Aérospatiale 58.7 m 4 3 7,000[165] 4,720 6,000 to SSO No 40[165] 1989 2003
Ariane 4 44LP  Europe Aérospatiale 58.7 m 4 3 7,000[165] 4,220 5,000 to SSO No 26[165] 1988 2001
Ariane 4 44P  Europe Aérospatiale 58.7 m 4 3 6,500[165] 3,465 4,100 to SSO No 15[165] 1991 2001
Ariane 5 G  Europe EADS Astrium 47.5 m 2 2 18,000[166] 6,900[166] No 16[166] 1996 2003
Ariane 5 G+  Europe EADS Astrium 48 m 2 2 7,100[166] No 3[166] 2004 2004
Ariane 5 GS  Europe EADS Astrium 48 m 2 2 16,000[167] 6,600[166] No 6[166] 2005 2009[168]
Ariane 5 ES  Europe EADS Astrium 50.7 m 2 2 21,000[169] 8,000[166] No 8[166] 2008 2018
Ariane 5 ECA  Europe EADS Astrium 52.6 m 2 2 21,000[169] 11,210[170] No 84 2002 2023
ASLV  India ISRO[171] 23.5 m 2 4 150[172] No 4[172] 1987 1994
Athena I LLV-1  United States Lockheed Martin 18.4 m 0 3 500 No 1 1995 1995
Athena I  United States Lockheed Martin 18.9 m 0 3 795[173] 515 No 3 1997 2001
Athena II  United States Lockheed Martin 28.2 m 0 4 1,800[174] No 3[175] 1998 1999[176]
Black Arrow  United Kingdom RAE 13 m 0 3 73[177] No 2 (+2) 1969[lower-alpha 2] 1971
Blue Scout II  United States Vought 24 m 0 4 30 No 3 1961 1961
Ceres-1 (1)[lower-alpha 3]  China Galactic Energy 18.5 m 0 4 350 No 1 2020 2020
Ceres-1 (2)[lower-alpha 3]  China Galactic Energy 19.5 m 0 4 400 No 1 2021 2021
Commercial Titan III  United States Martin Marietta 47.3 m 2 2 13,100[178] No 4 1990 1992
Conestoga 1620  United States Space Services 15.2 m 6 2 1179 No 1 1995 1995
Diamant A  France SEREB 18.9 m 0 80 No 4 1965 1967
Diamant B  France SEREB 23.5 m 0 115 No 5 1970 1973
Diamant BP4  France SEREB 21.6 m 0 153 No 3 1975 1975
Dnepr  Ukraine Yuzhmash 34.3 m 0 3,700[179] No 22[179] 1999 2015[180]
Energia[lower-alpha 4]  Soviet Union NPO Energia 58.8 m 4 105,000 20,000 to GEO[181]
32,000 to TLI[181]		 No 1 (failed to orbit)[182] 1987 1987
Energia-Buran  Soviet Union NPO Energia
NPO Molniya		 58.8 m 4 30,000[181][lower-alpha 5] Yes 1 1988 1988
Europa I  Europe ELDO 31.7 m 0 1,440 200 No 3 1968 1970
Europa II  Europe ELDO 31.7 m 0 360 No 1 1971 1971
Falcon 1  United States SpaceX 21 m 0 2 470[183] No 5[183] 2006 2009
Falcon 9 v1.0  United States SpaceX 47.8 m 0 2 9,000 3,400 No 5 2010 2013
Falcon 9 v1.1  United States SpaceX 68.4 m 0 2 13,150[184][lower-alpha 6] 4,850[184] No 15[185] 2013 2016
Falcon 9 Full Thrust  United States SpaceX 70 m 0 2 17,400[186] 5,500[186] 9,600 to polar[187] Yes 36 2015 2018
22,800[186] 8,300[186] No
Feng Bao 1  China Shanghai Bureau No.2 33 m 0 2,500[188] No 8 (+3)[189] 1972 1981
GSLV Mk.I(a)  India ISRO 49.1 m 4 5,000[28] 1,540[190] No 1[190] 2001 2001
GSLV Mk.I(b)  India ISRO 49.1 m 4 5,000[28] 2,150[190] No 4[190] 2003 2007
GSLV Mk.I(c)  India ISRO 49.1 m 4 5,000[28] No 1[190] 2010 2010
H-I  Japan
 United States		 Mitsubishi 42 m 6-9 1,400[191] No 9 1986 1992
H-II / IIS  Japan Mitsubishi 49 m 2-4 10,060[192] 4,000[193] No 7[193] 1994 1999
H-IIA 204  Japan Mitsubishi 53 m 4 15,000 5,950[30]: 48  No 5[31] 2006 2021
H-IIA 2022  Japan Mitsubishi 53 m 4 4,500[31] No 3[31] 2005 2007
H-IIA 2024  Japan Mitsubishi 57 m 6 11,000[194] 5,000[31] No 7[31] 2002 2008
H-IIB  Japan Mitsubishi 56.6 m 4 16,500 (ISS)[195] 8,000 No 8[196] 2009 2020
Hyperbola-1 (1)[lower-alpha 7]  China i-Space 20.9 m 0 260 No 1 2019 2019
Juno I  United States Chrysler 21.2 m 0 4-5 11 No 1 1958 1959
Juno II  United States Chrysler 24 m 0 3-4 41 6 to TLI No 10 1958 1961
Kaituozhe-1  China CALT 13.6 m 0 40 No 2 2002 2003
Kaituozhe-2  China CASC 16.8 m 0 800[197] No 1[197] 2017 2017
Kosmos  Soviet Union NPO Polyot 29.6 m 0 350 No 38 1961 1967
Kosmos-1  Soviet Union NPO Polyot 26.3 m 0 1,400 No 8 1964 1965
Kosmos-2  Soviet Union NPO Polyot 31 m 0 300 No 127 1965 1977
Kosmos-3  Soviet Union NPO Polyot 32.4 m 0 1,400 No 6 1966 1968
Kosmos-3M  Soviet Union
 Russia		 NPO Polyot 32.4 m 0 1,500[198] No 445 1967 2010
Kosmos-3MRB  Soviet Union NPO Polyot 32.4 m 0 1,500 No 10 1980 1988
Lambda 4S  Japan Nissan Motors[199] 16.5 m 2 26[200] No 5 1966 1970
LauncherOne  United States Virgin Orbit 21.3 m 0 500 300 to SSO No 6 2020 2023
Long March 1  China CALT 29.9 m 0 300[201] No 2[202] 1970 1971
Long March 1D  China CALT 28.2 m 0 740[203] No 0 (+3)[202] 1995[lower-alpha 8] 2002
Long March 2A  China CALT 32 m 0 2,000[204] No 4[46] 1974 1978
Long March 2E  China CALT 49.7 m 4 9,200[46] No 7[46] 1990 1995
Long March 3  China CALT 43.3 m 0 5,000[49] No 13[49] 1984 2000
Long March 3B  China CALT 54.8 m 4 11,200[205] 5,100 5,700 to SSO No 12[49] 1996 2012
Long March 4A  China CALT 41.9 m 0 4,000 No 2[50] 1988 1990
M-V  Japan Nissan Motors[199] (1997–2000)
IHI Aerospace[19] (2000–2006)		 30.8 m 0 1,850[200] No 7 1997 2006
Molniya  Soviet Union RSC Energia 43.4 m 4 1,800[206] No 40[207] 1960 1967
Molniya-M  Soviet Union
 Russia		 RSC Energia 43.4 m 4 2,400[208] No 280[209] 1965 2010
Mu-4S  Japan Nissan Motors[199] 23.6 m 8 180[200] No 4 1971 1972
Mu-3C  Japan Nissan Motors[199] 20.2 m 8 195[200] No 4 1974 1979
Mu-3H  Japan Nissan Motors[199] 23.8 m 8 300[200] No 3 1977 1978
Mu-3S  Japan Nissan Motors[199] 23.8 m 8 300[200] No 4 1980 1984
Mu-3SII  Japan Nissan Motors[199] 27.8 m 2 770[200] No 8 1985 1995
N1  Soviet Union NPO Energia 105.3 m 0 95,000[210][211][212][lower-alpha 9] No 4[213] 1969 1972
N-I  Japan
 United States		 Mitsubishi 34 m 9 1,200[214] No 7 1975 1982
N-II  Japan
 United States		 Mitsubishi 35 m 9 2,000[215] No 8 1981 1987
Naro-1  South Korea
 Russia		 KARI Khrunichev 33 m 0 100[216] No 3 2009 2013
OS-M1  China OneSpace 19 m 0 205[217] 143 to SSO No 1 2019[218][lower-alpha 10] 2019
Paektusan-1  North Korea KCST 25.8 m 0 20 No 1 1998 1998
Pegasus  United States Northrop Grumman 15.4 m 0 455 No 6 1990 1994
Pegasus H  United States Northrop Grumman 15.4 m 0 544 No 4 1995 2000
Pilot II  United States United States Navy 4.4 m 0 N/A 1.05 to MEO No 10 1958 1958
Polyot  Soviet Union RSC Energia 30 m 4 1,400 No 2 1963 1964
Proton (UR-500)  Soviet Union Khrunichev 39.8 m 0 12,200 No 4 1965 1966
Proton-K  Soviet Union
 Russia		 Khrunichev 50 m 0 19,760[220] 4,930[221] No 311[222] 1965 2012
PSLV-G  India ISRO 44 m 6 3,200[81] 1,050 1,600 to SSO No 12[81] 1993 2016[223]
Rocket 3.0  United States Astra 11.6 m 0 100 No 1 2020 2020
Rocket 3.1  United States Astra 11.6 m 0 100 No 1 2020 2020
Rocket 3.2  United States Astra 11.6 m 0 100 No 1 2020 2020
Rocket 3.3  United States Astra 13.1 m 0 100[224] 150 to SSO No 5 2021 2022
Rokot-K  Russia Khrunichev 25.5 m 0 No 4 1990 1999
Rokot-KM  Russia Khrunichev 29.1 m 0 1,950[225] 1,200 to SSO No 31 2000 2019
RS1 Block 1  United States ABL Space Systems 27 m 0 1,350[141] 400 975 to SSO
750 to MEO		 No 1 2023[226] 2023
Safir-1  Iran Iranian Space Agency 22.6 m 0 27 No 2 2008 2009
Safir-1A  Iran Iranian Space Agency 22.6 m 0 15 No 1 2011 2011
Safir-1B  Iran Iranian Space Agency 22.6 m 0 50 No 1 2012 2012
Safir-1B+  Iran Iranian Space Agency 22.6 m 0 52 No 5 2012 2019
Saturn I  United States Chrysler (S-I)
Douglas (S-IV)		 50-57.4 m 0 9,000[227] No 10[228] 1961 1965[228]
Saturn IB  United States Chrysler (S-IB)
Douglas (S-IVB)		 56.1-68.1 m 0 18,600[229] No 9[230] 1966 1975
Saturn V  United States Boeing (S-IC)
North American (S-II)
Douglas (S-IVB)		 110.6 m 0 140,000[231][232] 47,000 to TLI[233] No 13[234][235][lower-alpha 11] 1967 1973
Scout X-1  United States Vought 21.8 m 0 59 No 4 1960 1961
Scout X-2  United States Vought 21.8 m 0 76 No 1 1962 1962
Scout X-2M  United States Vought 21.8 m 0 76 No 3 1962 1963
Scout X-2B  United States Vought 21.8 m 0 76 No 1 1963 1963
Scout X-3  United States Vought 21.8 m 0 87 No 5 1962 1964
Scout X-3M  United States Vought 21.8 m 0 87 No 1 1963 1963
Scout X-4  United States Vought 22.8 m 0 103 No 11 1963 1965
Scout A  United States NASA 22.8 m 0 110 No 11 1965 1970
Scout A-1  United States NASA 22.8 m 0 122 No 1 1973 1973
Scout B  United States NASA 22.8 m 0 110 No 20 1965 1971
Scout B-1  United States NASA 22.8 m 0 143 No 5 1971 1976
Scout D-1  United States NASA 22.9 m 0 182 No 14 1972 1979
Scout E-1  United States NASA 22.8 m 0 193 No 1 1974 1974
Scout F-1  United States NASA 22.9 m 0 192 No 2 1975 1975
Scout G-1  United States NASA 22.9 m 0 208 No 18 1979 1994
Shavit Israel Israel IAI 17.7 m 0 160 No 2 1988 1990
Shavit-1 Israel Israel IAI 19.7 m 0 225 No 4 1995 2004
Shtil-1  Russia Makeyev 14.8 m 0 280–420[236] No 2[237] 1998 2006
SLV-3  India ISRO 22 m 0 40[238] No 4[238] 1979 1983[238]
Soyuz  Soviet Union RSC Energia 45.6 m 4 6,450 No 31[239] 1966 1976
Soyuz-FG  Russia TsSKB-Progress 49.5 m 4 6,900[240] No 70[241][242] 2001 2019
Soyuz-L  Soviet Union RSC Energia 50 m 4 5,500 No 3[243] 1970 1971
Soyuz-M  Soviet Union RSC Energia 50 m 4 6,600 No 8[244] 1971 1976
Soyuz ST-A  Russia
 Europe		 TsSKB-Progress
Arianespace		 46.3 m 4 7,800 from Kourou[245] 2,810 with Fregat[246] No 9[241] 2011 2021
Soyuz ST-B  Russia
 Europe		 TsSKB-Progress
Arianespace		 46.3 m 4 9,000 from Kourou[247] 3,250 with Fregat[246] 4,400 to SSO[248] No 18[241] 2011 2022
Soyuz-U  Soviet Union
 Russia		 TsSKB-Progress 51.1 m 4 6,650 from Baikonour[249]
6,150 from Plesetsk[249]		 No 786[241][250][251] 1973 2017
Soyuz-U2  Soviet Union
 Russia		 TsSKB-Progress 34.5 m 4 7,050 No 72[252] 1982 1995
Space Shuttle  United States ATK (SRBs)
Martin Marietta (External tank)
Rockwell (Orbiter)		 56.1 m 2 24,400[lower-alpha 5]
3,550 to escape with IUS[253] Yes 135[255] 1981 2011
SPARK  United States UHAerojet RocketdyneSandia 17 m 0 300 No 1 2015 2015
Sparta  United States ABMA/Chrysler 21.8 m 0 45 No 10 1966 1967
Sputnik 8K71PS  Soviet Union RSC Energia 30 m 4 500[256] No 2 1957 1957
Sputnik 8A91  Soviet Union RSC Energia 31.1 m 4 1,327 No 2 1958 1958
SS-520  Japan IHI Aerospace 9.5 m 0 4[257] No 2[258] 2017[259][lower-alpha 12] 2018
Start-1  Russia MITT 22.7 m 0 532 250 to SSO No 5[260] 1993 2006
Start-1.2  Russia MITT 22.7 m 0 250-300 to SSO No 1 1997 1997
Start  Russia MITT 28.9 m 0 300 to SSO No 1 1995 1995
Strela  Russia Khrunichev 24-

27.4 m

 0 1,400[261] No 3[262] 2003 2014
Taurus-1110  United States Orbital

Sciences, Orbital ATK

 28.2 m 0 1180 370 750 to SSO No 3 1994 2000
Taurus-2110  United States Orbital

Sciences, Orbital ATK

 29.1 m 0 1250 375 900 to SSO No 2 1999 2001
Taurus-2210  United States Orbital

Sciences, Orbital ATK

 30.9 m 0 1050 700 to SSO No 1 1998 1998
Taurus-3110  United States Orbital

Sciences, Orbital ATK

 30.1 m 0 1450 445 1,050 to SSO No 2 2009 2011
Taurus-3210[68]  United States Northrop Grumman 27.9 m 0 4 1,458[69] N/A 1,054 to SSO[lower-alpha 13] No 1 2004 2004
Terran 1  United States Relativity Space 35.2 m 0 1,250[263] 900 to SSO No 1 2023 2023
Titan II GLV  United States Martin Marietta 33 m 0 3,600[264] No 11 (+1) 1964 1966
Titan II(23)G  United States Martin Marietta 31.4 m 0 3,600[265] No 13 1988 2003
Titan IIIA  United States Martin Marietta 38.5 m 0 3,500 No 4 1964 1965
Titan IIIB  United States Martin Marietta 42 m 0 3,300 No 22 1966 1969
Titan III(23)B  United States Martin Marietta 42 m 0 3,350 No 9 1969 1971
Titan III(33)B  United States Martin Marietta 42 m 0 N/A 4,500 No 3 1971 1973
Titan III(24)B  United States Martin Marietta 44 m 0 4,500 No 23 1971 1984
Titan III(34)B  United States Martin Marietta 45.3 m 0 N/A No 11 1975 1987
Titan IIIC  United States Martin Marietta 41 m 2 11,500 3,000 No 14 1965 1970
Titan III(23)C  United States Martin Marietta 42.5 m 2 13,100[266] 3,000 No 22 1970 1982
Titan IIID  United States Martin Marietta 36 m 2 12,300[267] No 22 1971 1982
Titan IIIE  United States Martin Marietta 48.8 m 2 15,400[268] No 7 1974 1977
Titan 34D  United States Martin Marietta 44.5 m 2 14,350 3,600 No 15 1982 1989
Titan IVA  United States Martin Marietta 51.36 m(standard) 2 17,110[269] 4,944 with IUS 14,090 to SSO[269]

4,536 to GSO with Centaur

3,550 to escape with IUS

 No 22[270] 1989 1998
Titan IVB  United States Lockheed Martin 51.36 m(standard) 2 21,682[271] 5,761[271]
(9,000 with upper stage)		 No 17[270] 1997 2005
Tysklon-2

(R-36-O)

  Soviet Union Yuzhmash 32 m 0 3,350 No 18 1965 1971
Tsyklon-2A  Soviet Union Yuzhmash 39.7 m 0 3,350[272] No 8[273] 1967 1969
Tsyklon-2M  Soviet Union
 Ukraine		 Yuzhmash 39.7 m 0 2,820[274] No 106[275] 1969 2006[275]
Tsyklon-3  Soviet Union
 Ukraine		 Yuzhmash 39.3 m 0 1,920[276] No 122[277] 1977 2009[277]
Unha-2  North Korea KCST 29.5 m 0 80 No 1 2009 2009
Unha-3  North Korea KCST 30 m 0 110 No 4[278] 2009[lower-alpha 14] 2016
Vanguard  United States Martin 22.1 m 0 9[279] No 10 (+1) 1957 1959
Vanguard SLV-7  United States Martin 21.6 m 0 20 No 1 1959 1959
VLS-1  Brazil AEB, IAE 19.5 m 4 380[280] No 2[lower-alpha 15] 1997 2003
Volna-O  Russia Makeyev 14.2 m 0 100[281] No 1 (+5)[237] 1995[lower-alpha 16] 2005[237]
Voskhod  Soviet Union RSC Energia 44.1 m 4 5,680 No 299 1963 1976
Vostok-L (Luna)  Soviet Union RSC Energia 30.8 m 4 4,000 400 to TLI No 9 1958 1960
Vostok (Korabl)  Soviet Union RSC Energia 38.4 m 4 4,550 390 to TLI[282] No 4 1960 1960
Vostok-K  Soviet Union RSC Energia 30.8 m 4 2,460[283] No 16 1960 1964
Vostok-2  Soviet Union RSC Energia 30.8 m 4 4,730[283] No 45 1962 1967
Vostok-2M  Soviet Union RSC Energia 38.8 m 4 1,300[284] No 93 1964 1991
Soyuz/Vostok  Soviet Union RSC Energia 31 m 4 6,000[285] No 2 1965 1966
Zenit-2  Soviet Union
 Ukraine		 Yuzhnoye 57 m 0 13,740[286] No 36[287] 1985 2004[288]
Zenit-2FG  Ukraine Yuzhnoye 57 m 0 No 1 2011 2011
Zenit-2M  Ukraine Yuzhnoye 57 m 0 13,920[286] No 1 2007 2007
Zenit-3F  Ukraine Yuzhnoye 59.6 m 0 1,740 to GEO[289] No 4[290] 2011 2017
Zenit-3SL  Ukraine Yuzhmash
RSC Energia		 59.6 m 0 7,000[290] 6,160 No 36[290] 1999 2014
Zenit-3SLB  Ukraine Yuzhmash
RSC Energia		 59.5 m 0 3,750[290] No 6[290] 2008 2013
Zhuque-1  China LandSpace 19 m 0 300[291] 200 to SSO No 1[292] 2018[292] 2018

Retired Atlas rockets

Vehicle Origin Manufacturer Height Mass to ... (kg) Reuse Launches
(+ suborbital)		 Launch Site (s) Date of flight
LEO GTO Other First Last
Atlas-Able  United States General Dynamics 28 m ~175 to TLI No 3 1959 1960
Atlas-Agena  United States Convair/General Dynamics 36 m 1,000 390 to TLI No 109 1960 1978
Atlas-Centaur  United States Lockheed 36.2-38.8 m 1,134[293] 2,222[294] No 148 1962 1983
Atlas B  United States Lockheed Martin 24.9 m ~4,000 No 10 1958 1959
Atlas-D OV1  United States Convair/General Dynamics 25.9 m 1,400 No 7 1965 1967
Atlas E/F-Agena  United States Convair/General Dynamics/Lockheed 34 m 1,000 390 to TLI No 1 1978 1978
Atlas E/F-Altair-3A  United States Convair/General Dynamics 27.3 m 210 No 1 1990 1990
Atlas E/F-Burner-2  United States Convair/General Dynamics 28.9 m 950 No 1 1972 1972
Atlas E/F-MSD  United States Convair/General Dynamics 27.3 m 800 No 4 1976 1980
Atlas E/F-OIS  United States Convair/General Dynamics 28.7 m 870 No 2 1979 1985
Atlas E/F-OV1  United States Convair/General Dynamics 26.5 m 363 No 4 1968 1971
Atlas E/F-PTS  United States Convair/General Dynamics 26.5 m 295 No 1 1974 1974
Atlas E/F-SGS-1  United States Convair/General Dynamics 29 m 450 No 8 1977 1981
Atlas E/F-SGS-2  United States Convair/General Dynamics 29 m 770 No 4 1983 1985
Atlas E/F-Star-17A  United States Convair/General Dynamics 27.4 m N/A 800 to MPEO No 1 1975 1975
Atlas E/F-Star-37S  United States Convair/General Dynamics 29 m N/A 1,100 to SSO No 19 1978 1995
Atlas-F Agena-D  United States Convair/General Dynamics 34 m N/A 2,300 to Polar No 1 1978 1978
Atlas G  United States Lockheed 43.9 m 5,900[295] 2,222 1,179 to HCO[295] No 7[295] 1984 1989
Atlas H MSD  United States Lockheed 27 m 3,630[296] No 5 1983 1987
Atlas LV-3B  United States Convair 28.7 m 1,360 No 9 1960 1963
Atlas SLV-3  United States Convair 33.3 m No 63 1966 1983
Atlas SLV-3 Burner-2  United States Convair 30.3 m ~1,000 No 1 1968 1968
Atlas I  United States Lockheed Martin 43.9 m 5,900[295] 2,340[295] No 11[295] 1990 1997
Atlas II  United States Lockheed Martin 47.5 m 6,780[295] 2,810 2,000 to HCO[295] No 10[295] 1991 1998
Atlas IIA  United States Lockheed Martin 47.5 m 7,316[295] 3,180 2,160 to HCO[295] No 23[295] 1992 2002
Atlas IIAS  United States Lockheed Martin 49 m 8,618[295] 3,833 2,680 to HCO[295] No 30[295] 1993 2004
Atlas IIIA  United States Lockheed Martin 52.5 m 8,686[295] 4,060 2,970 to HCO[295] No 2[295] 2000 2004
Atlas IIIB/DEC  United States Lockheed Martin 53.7 m 10,759[295] 4,609[295] No 1[295] 2002 2002
Atlas IIIB/SEC  United States Lockheed Martin 54.7 m 10,218[297] 4,193[295] No 3[295] 2003 2005
Atlas V 401  United States ULA 57.3 m 9,050[5] 4,950 6,670 to SSO No 41[5] 2002 2022
Atlas V 411  United States ULA 58.2 m 9,050[5] 6,075 8,495 to SSO No 6[5] 2006 2020
Atlas V 421  United States ULA 59.1 m 9,050[5] 7,000 9,050 to SSO No 9[5] 2007 2022
Atlas V 431  United States ULA 59.1 m 9,050[5] 7,800 9,050 to SSO No 3[5] 2005 2016
Atlas V 501  United States ULA 62.5 m 8,250[5] 3,970 5,945 to SSO
1,500 to GEO		 No 8[5] 2010 2023
Atlas V 511  United States ULA 62.5 m 11,000[5] 5,250 7,820 to SSO
1,750 to GEO		 No 1[298] 2022 2022
Atlas V 521  United States ULA 59.7 m 13,300[5] 6,485 9,585 to SSO
2,760 to GEO		 No 2[5] 2003 2004
Atlas V 531  United States ULA 59.7 m 15,300[5] 7,425 11,160 to SSO
3,250 to GEO		 No 5[5] 2010 2022
Atlas V 541  United States ULA 59.7 m 17,100[5] 8,240 12,435 to SSO
3,730 to GEO		 No 9[5] 2011 2022

Retired Delta rockets

Vehicle Origin Manufacturer Height Mass to ... (kg) Reuse Launches
(+ suborbital)		 Launch Site (s) Date of flight
LEO GTO Other First Last
Delta 0300  United States McDonnell Douglas 34 m 340[299] 747 to SSO[300] No 3[301] 1972 1973[302]
Delta 0900  United States McDonnell Douglas 34 m 1,300[303] 818 to SSO[301] No 2[301] 1972 1972
Delta 1410  United States McDonnell Douglas 35.2 m 340[304] No 1[301] 1975 1975
Delta 1604  United States McDonnell Douglas 35.2 m 390[305] No 2[301] 1972 1973
Delta 1900  United States McDonnell Douglas 35.2 m 1,800[301] No 1[301] 1973 1973
Delta 1910  United States McDonnell Douglas 35.2 m 1,066[306] No 1[301] 1975 1975
Delta 1913  United States McDonnell Douglas 35.2 m 328[307] No 1[301] 1973 1973
Delta 1914  United States McDonnell Douglas 35.2 m 680[308] No 2[301] 1972 1973
Delta 2310  United States McDonnell Douglas 35.2 m 336[309] No 3[301] 1974 1981
Delta 2313  United States McDonnell Douglas 35.2 m 243 to GEO[310] No 3[301] 1974 1977
Delta 2910  United States McDonnell Douglas 35.2 m 1,887[301] No 6[301] 1975 1978
Delta 2913  United States McDonnell Douglas 35.2 m 2,000[311] 700[311] No 6[301] 1975 1976
Delta 2914  United States McDonnell Douglas 35.2 m 724[301] No 30[301] 1974 1979
Delta 3910  United States McDonnell Douglas 35.2 m 2,494[301] 1,154 with PAM-D No 10[301] 1980 1988
Delta 3913  United States McDonnell Douglas 35.2 m 816[312] No 1[301] 1981 1981
Delta 3914  United States McDonnell Douglas 35.2 m 954[301] No 13[301] 1975 1987
Delta 3920  United States McDonnell Douglas 35.2 m 3,452[301] 1,284 with PAM-D No 10[301] 1982 1989
Delta 3924  United States McDonnell Douglas 35.2 m 1,104[301] No 4[301] 1982 1984
Delta 4925  United States McDonnell Douglas 35.2 m 3,400[313] 1,312[301] No 2[301] 1989 1990
Delta 5920  United States McDonnell Douglas 35.2 m 3,848[314] No 1[301] 1989 1989
Delta II 6920  United States McDonnell Douglas 38.8 m 3,983[301] No 3[301] 1990 1992
Delta II 6925  United States McDonnell Douglas 39.4 m 1,447 1,447[301] No 14[301] 1989 1992
Delta II 7320  United States Boeing IDS / ULA 38.9 m 2,865[301] 1,651 to SSO No 12[301] 1999 2015
Delta II 7326  United States Boeing IDS 38.4 m 934[301] 636 to TLI
629 to HCO		 No 3[301] 1998 2001
Delta II 7420  United States ULA 39 m 3,185[301] 1,966 to SSO No 14[301] 1998 2018
Delta II 7425  United States Boeing IDS 39 m 1,100[301] 804 to HCO No 4[301] 1998 2002
Delta II 7426  United States Boeing IDS 39 m 1,058[301] 734 to TLI
711 to HCO		 No 1[301] 1999 1999
Delta II 7920  United States Boeing IDS / ULA 39.4 m 5,030[301] 3,123 to SSO No 29[301] 1998 2017
Delta II 7925  United States Boeing IDS / ULA 39.4 m 1,819[301] 1,177 to TLI
1,265 to HCO		 No 69[301] 1990 2009
Delta II-H 7920H  United States Boeing IDS / ULA 39 m 6,097[301] No 3[301] 2003 2011
Delta II-H 7925H  United States Boeing IDS / ULA 39.8 m 2,171 1,508 to HCO[301] No 3[301] 2003 2007
Delta III 8930  United States Boeing IDS 39 m 8,292[301] 3,810 No 3[301] 1998 2000
Delta IV M  United States Boeing IDS 61.3 m 9,440[15] 4,440 7,690 to polar No 3[16] 2003 2006
Delta IV M+(4,2)  United States ULA 61.3 m 13,140[15] 6,390 10,250 to polar No 14[16] 2002 2019
Delta IV M+(5,2)  United States ULA 65.5 m 11,470[15] 5,490 9,600 to polar No 3[16] 2012 2018
Delta IV M+(5,4)  United States ULA 65.5 m 14,140[15] 7,300 11,600 to polar No 8[16] 2009 2019

Retired Thor rockets

Vehicle Origin Manufacturer Height Mass to ... (kg) Reuse Launches
(+ suborbital)		 Launch Site (s) Date of flight
LEO GTO Other First Last
Thor-Able I  United States Douglas/Aerojet 26.9 m 250 No 3 1958 1958
Thor-Able II  United States Douglas/Aerojet 27.3 m 270 No 4 1959 1960
Thor-Able III  United States Douglas/Aerojet 27.4 m ~64 to HEO No 1 1959 1959
Thor-Able IV  United States Douglas/Aerojet 27.2 m ~43 to Heliocentric No 1 1960 1960
Thor Agena-A  United States Douglas/Lockheed 22.7 m 860 No 16 1959 1960
Thor Agena-B  United States Douglas/Lockheed 26.3 m 1,200 No 21 1962 1965
Thor Agena-D  United States Douglas/Lockheed 29.3 m 1,150 No 22 1962 1967
Thorad SLV-2G Agena D  United States Douglas/Lockheed 32.9 m 2,000 No 30 1966 1971
Thorad SLV-2H Agena D  United States Douglas/Lockheed 34 m 2,000 No 13 1969 1972
Thor-Burner-1 MG-18  United States Douglas 23 m 770 150-300 to MEO No 2 1965 1965
Thor-Burner-1 Altair-3  United States Douglas ~24 m >73 No 4 1965 1966
Thor-Burner-2  United States Douglas 22.4 m 250 to MEO No 12 1966 1971
Thor-Burner-2A  United States Douglas 23.5 m 300 to MEO No 8 1971 1976
Thor-Delta  United States Douglas 31 m 226 45 No 12 1960 1962
Thor-Delta A  United States Douglas 31 m 250 68 No 2 1962 1962
Thor-Delta B  United States Douglas 31 m 370 68 No 9 1962 1964
Thor-Delta C  United States Douglas 27.5 m 81 No 11 1963 1967
Thor-Delta C1  United States Douglas 27.5 m 81 No 2 1966 1969
Thor-Delta D  United States Douglas 32 m 450 104 No 2 1964 1965
Thor-Delta E  United States Douglas 31 m 540 150 No 6 1965 1967
Thor-Delta E1  United States Douglas 28 m 540 205 No 17 1966 1971
Thor-Delta G  United States Douglas 30 m 650 No 2 1966 1967
Thor-Delta J  United States Douglas 31 m 260 263 No 1 1968 1968
Thor-Delta L  United States Douglas 35 m 356 300 No 2 1969 1972
Thor-Delta M  United States Douglas 34 m 356 355 No 12 1968 1971
Thor-Delta M6  United States Douglas 32.4 m 454 450 No 1 1971 1971
Thor-Delta N  United States Douglas 33 m 900 No 6 1968 1972
Thor-Delta N6  United States Douglas 33 m 1,600 No 3 1970 1971
Thor-DM21 Able-Star  United States Douglas/Aerojet 29 m 150 No 11 1960 1962
Thor-DSV2A Able-Star  United States Douglas/Aerojet 29 m 150 No 8 1963 1965
Thor-ISS  United States Douglas/Thiokol 23 m 500 to MEO No 5 1976 1980
Thor-SLV2A Agena-B  United States Douglas/Lockheed 31 m 400 No 2 1963 1966
Thor-SLV2A Agena-D  United States Douglas/Lockheed 29.3 m 1,500 No 60 1963 1968
  1. ↑ Reference altitude 500 km
  2. ↑ First suborbital test in 1969, first orbital launch attempt in 1970
  3. 1 2 Despite not being officially acknowledged by the manufacturer, significant changes between different iterations of the rocket lead to the identification of different variants.[10]
  4. ↑ Without Buran, and assuming payload providing orbital insertion
  5. 1 2 The U.S. Space Shuttle Transportation System and the Soviet Energia-Buran system consist of launch vehicle rockets and returnable spaceplane orbiter. Payload values listed here are for the mass of the payload in cargo bay of the spaceplanes, excluding the mass of the spaceplanes themselves.
  6. ↑ The SpaceX website lists the F9 payload to LEO as 13,150kg. The payload to GTO is listed as 4,850kg. However, SpaceX has stated that these numbers include a 30% margin to accommodate re-usability.
  7. ↑ Despite not being officially acknowledged by the manufacturer, significant changes between different iterations of the rocket lead to the identification of different variants.[34]
  8. ↑ Suborbital test flights in 1995, 1997 and 2002, no orbital launches attempted
  9. ↑ The N1 rocket was initially designed for 75 t LEO capacity and launch attempts were made with this version, but there were studies to increase the payload capacity to 90–95 t, if a liquid-hydrogen upper stage engine could be developed.
  10. ↑ A suborbital test flight was conducted in May 2018.[219]
  11. ↑ The Saturn V made 13 launches, 12 of which reached the correct orbits, and the other (Apollo 6) reached a different orbit than the one which had been planned; however, some mission objectives could still be completed; NASA, Saturn V News Reference, Appendix: Saturn V Flight History (1968) Archived 2011-05-17 at the Wayback Machine. For more information, see the Saturn V article. The Saturn V launch record is usually quoted as having never failed, e.g. "The rocket was masterminded by Wernher Von Braun and did not fail in any of its flights", Alan Lawrie and Robert Godwin; Saturn, but the Apollo 6 launch should be considered a partial mission failure. The 13th launch of Saturn V was in special configuration (SA-513) with the Skylab.
  12. ↑ A prior version of the SS-520 flew twice as a suborbital sounding rocket in 1998 and 2000. In 2017, the addition of a small third stage enabled orbital launches of ultra-light nano- or picosatellites.[257]
  13. ↑ Reference altitude 400 km
  14. ↑ A suborbital test flight failed in 2006. The first two orbital missions failed in 2009 and 2012, and the rocket finally reached orbit in late 2012.[278]
  15. ↑ A third rocket exploded before launch.
  16. ↑ First orbital launch attempt in 2005

Launch systems by country

The following chart shows the number of launch systems developed in each country, and broken down by operational status. Rocket variants are not distinguished; i.e., the Atlas V series is only counted once for all its configurations 401–431, 501–551, 552, and N22.

10
20
30
40
50
AUS
BRZ
CHN
EUR
ESP
FRA
IND
IRN
ISR
JPN
NKR
NZL
RUS
SKR
TWN
UKR
UK
USA
  •   Operational
  •   In development
  •   Retired

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ There are many different methods. Each mestylethod has drawbacks and advantages, and spacecraft propulsion is an active area of research. However, most spacecraft today are propelled by forcing a gas from the back/rear of the vehicle at very high speed through a supersonic de Laval nozzle. This sort of engine is called a rocket engine.
  2. ↑ The first medieval rockets were solid-fuel rockets powered by gunpowder; they were used by the Chinese, Indians, Mongols and Arabs, in warfare as early as the 13th century.
  3. ↑ Such as the Pegasus rocket and SpaceShipOne.
  4. ↑ Most satellites have simple reliable chemical thrusters (often monopropellant rockets) or resistojet rockets for orbital station-keeping and some use momentum wheels for attitude control. Soviet bloc satellites have used electric propulsion for decades, and newer Western geo-orbiting spacecraft are starting to use them for north-south stationkeeping and orbit raising. Interplanetary vehicles mostly use chemical rockets as well, although a few have used ion thrusters and Hall effect thrusters (two different types of electric propulsion) to great success.

References

  1. 1 2 Krebs, Gunter. "Angara Family". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 31 December 2021.
  2. 1 2 "Angara Launch Vehicle Family". Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
  3. ↑ "Angara-1 to inaugurate new rocket family". www.russianspaceweb.com. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
  4. ↑ Mooney, Justin (2022-10-16). "Angara 1.2 launches satellite for Russian Aerospace Forces". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 "Atlas V". www.ulalaunch.com. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
  6. ↑ "Atlas-5(551) (Atlas-V(551))". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
  7. ↑ Egan, Barbara [@barbegan13] (October 15, 2016). "@torybruno @ulalaunch @baserunner0723 We are calling the config N22. No payload fairing with the Starliner on board" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2023 – via Twitter.
  8. 1 2 Percival, Claire (2022-05-29). "OFT-2 CST-100 Starliner (Uncrewed) | Atlas V N22". Everyday Astronaut. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
  9. ↑ Roulette, Joey (22 December 2019). "'Bull's-eye' landing in New Mexico for Boeing's Starliner astronaut capsule". Reuters. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
  10. 1 2 Krebs, Gunter. "Ceres-1 (Gushenxing-1, GX-1)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
  11. 1 2 3 4 "Ceres-1". www.galactic-energy.cn. Retrieved 2023-11-23.
  12. 1 2 "Ceres-1 (Gushenxing-1, GX-1)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-11-23.
  13. ↑ Kim, Jeongmin (1 June 2023). "North Korea rushed satellite launch after seeing ROK rocket success, Seoul says". NK News. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
  14. ↑ "Chollima-1". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-11-23.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Delta IV". www.ulalaunch.com. Retrieved 2023-11-23.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 Krebs, Gunter. "Delta-4". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
  17. 1 2 "Electron". Rocket Lab. Retrieved 2023-11-23.
  18. ↑ "Completed Missions". Rocket Lab. Retrieved 2022-03-09.
  19. 1 2 "Projects&Products". IHI Aerospace. Archived from the original on 6 April 2011. Retrieved 8 March 2011.
  20. 1 2 3 Krebs, Gunter. "Epsilon". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 18 January 2019.
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "SpaceX - Falcon 9". SpaceX. Retrieved 2023-11-26.
  22. ↑ Either 2 or 3 boosters recoverable
  23. ↑ Musk, Elon. Making Life Multiplanetary. SpaceX. Event occurs at 15:35. Archived from the original on 2021-12-12. Retrieved 22 March 2018 – via YouTube. BFR in fully reusable configuration, without any orbital refueling, we expect to have a payload capability of 150 tonnes to low Earth orbit and that compares to about 30 for Falcon Heavy
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 "SpaceX - Falcon Heavy". SpaceX. Retrieved 2023-11-26.
  25. 1 2 "Alpha Launch Vehicle". Firefly Aerospace. Retrieved 2023-11-26.
  26. ↑ "Missions Archive". Firefly Aerospace. Retrieved 2023-11-26.
  27. 1 2 3 Krebs, Gunter. "Yinli-1 (Gravity-1, YL-1)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
  28. 1 2 3 4 5 "Indian Space Research Organisation - Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark II". www.isro.gov.in. Retrieved 2023-11-26.
  29. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "GSLV". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
  30. 1 2 3 4 "H-IIA – User's Manual" (PDF). 4.0. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, MHI Launch Services. February 2015. YET04001. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
  31. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Krebs, Gunter. "H-2A". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
  32. 1 2 3 Only the X00 version of the H3 is intended for LEO launches. The higher capability X02 and X03 variants could presumably launch significantly more payload to LEO, but are not specified for this mission. Space Launch Report: H3 Data Sheet, retrieved 20 Feb. 2019/
  33. ↑ "H-3-22". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  34. 1 2 Krebs, Gunter. "Shuang Quxian-1 (SQX-1, Hyperbola-1)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  35. 1 2 3 "Shuang Quxian-1 (SQX-1, Hyperbola-1)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  36. 1 2 Krebs, Gunter. "Jielong-1 (Smart Dragon-1, SD 1)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
  37. ↑ "China's Jielong 1 smallsat launcher successful on first flight – Spaceflight Now". Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  38. 1 2 Krebs, Gunter. "Jielong-3 (Smart Dragon-3, SD 3)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
  39. 1 2 3 "Lijian-1 (Kinetica-1, Zhongke-1, ZK-1)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  40. 1 2 "Kuaizhou-1A (KZ-1A)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  41. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Kuaizhou-1 (KZ-1) / Fei Tian 1". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  42. 1 2 Andrew Jones (2022-12-07). "Private Chinese rocket reaches orbit 2 years after test-flight failure (video)". Space.com. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  43. ↑ "Kuaizhou-11 (KZ-11)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  44. 1 2 "LM-2C --- Launch Vehicle --- CGWIC". cgwic.com. Retrieved 2023-12-04.
  45. ↑ "Two satellites with secretive missions launched by China". Spaceflight Now. 12 October 2018. Retrieved 12 October 2018.
  46. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-2 (Chang Zheng-2)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
  47. 1 2 "China_Orbital_Launch_Activity_2020.pdf" (PDF). docs.google.com. Retrieved 2023-12-04.
  48. ↑ "LM-2D --- Launch Vehicle --- CGWIC". www.cgwic.com. Retrieved 2023-12-04.
  49. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-3 (Chang Zheng-3)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
  50. 1 2 3 4 5 "CZ-4B (Chang Zheng-4B)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-12-04.
  51. 1 2 3 4 Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-4C (Chang Zheng-4C)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
  52. 1 2 "China Great Wall Industry Corporation(CGWIC)". cgwic.com. Retrieved 2023-12-04.
  53. 1 2 3 4 5 Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-5 (Chang Zheng-5)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
  54. 1 2 Jones, Andrew (2020-07-17). "Long March 5 rolled out for July 23 launch of China's Tianwen-1 Mars mission". SpaceNews. Retrieved 2023-12-04.
  55. 1 2 "China's Long March 7A rocket successful on second flight – Spaceflight Now". Retrieved 2023-12-04.
  56. 1 2 3 "CZ-6 (Chang Zheng-6)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-07-11.
  57. ↑ Andrew Jones (2023-09-11). "China launches Yaogan 40 spy satellite on Long March 6A rocket (video)". Space.com. Retrieved 2023-12-04.
  58. ↑ "CZ-6A (Chang Zheng-6A)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-12-04.
  59. 1 2 Volosín, Juan I. Morales (2023-05-08). "Tianzhou-6 | Long March 7". Everyday Astronaut. Retrieved 2023-12-04.
  60. 1 2 "CZ-7A (Chang Zheng-7A)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-12-04.
  61. ↑ "长征七号首飞成功 空间实验室任务大幕拉开" [Successful maiden flight of the Long March 7 mission Damulakai]. www.spacechina.com (in Chinese). 2016-06-25. Archived from the original on 28 June 2016. Retrieved 25 June 2016.
  62. 1 2 "Long March 8 rocket lifts 5 satellites in debut flight". Retrieved 2023-12-04.
  63. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-8 (Chang Zheng-8)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
  64. 1 2 3 Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-11 (Chang Zheng-11)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
  65. 1 2 "Indian Space Research Organisation - LVM3(Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mk III)". www.isro.gov.in. Retrieved 2023-12-04.
  66. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "GSLV Mk.3 (LVM-3)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
  67. ↑ "Crew module Atmospheric Re-entry Experiment (CARE)". ISRO. 18 December 2014. Archived from the original on 25 September 2020. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
  68. 1 2 "Taurus". Orbital Sciences Corporation. 2012. Archived from the original on 22 July 2012.
  69. 1 2 3 4 5 "Taurus / Minotaur-C". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-12-10.
  70. 1 2 "Minotaur Rocket". Northrop Grumman. Retrieved 2023-12-10.
  71. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Minotaur-1 (OSP-SLV)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
  72. 1 2 3 4 5 Krebs, Gunter. "Minotaur-3/-4/-5/-6 (OSP-2 Peacekeeper SLV)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
  73. 1 2 동아사이언스 (2022-12-04). "누리호 탑재 중량 1.5t→1.9t으로 성능 '업'". m.dongascience.com (in Korean). Retrieved 2023-07-12.
  74. ↑ "Nuri (KSLV-2)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-12-10.
  75. ↑ "Pegasus Rocket". Northrop Grumman. Retrieved 2023-12-10.
  76. ↑ "Pegasus". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-12-10.
  77. ↑ "Proton Launch System Mission Planner's Guide – Section 2. LV Performance" (PDF). International Launch Services. July 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 August 2013. Retrieved June 11, 2017.
  78. 1 2 3 Krebs, Gunter. "Proton-K and -M Briz-M". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
  79. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Proton-M Blok-DM-2". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
  80. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Proton-M Blok-DM-03". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
  81. 1 2 3 4 5 "PSLV-CA (2)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-12-10.
  82. ↑ "PSLV-CA (1)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-12-10.
  83. ↑ "PSLV-DL". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-12-10.
  84. ↑ "PSLV-QL". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-12-10.
  85. 1 2 3 4 "PSLV-XL". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-12-10.
  86. ↑ Arunan, S.; Satish, R. (25 September 2015). "Mars Orbiter Mission spacecraft and its challenges". Current Science. 109 (6): 1061–1069. doi:10.18520/v109/i6/1061-1069.
  87. ↑ "Qaem-100". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-12-18.
  88. 1 2 "Qased". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-07-11.
  89. ↑ Opall-Rome, Barbara (2011-06-09). "Israel Eyes Overseas Launch of Next Ofeq Spy Satellite". SpaceNews. Retrieved 2023-12-18.
  90. ↑ "Shavit-2". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-12-18.
  91. 1 2 3 Krebs, Gunter. "Simorgh (Safir-2)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  92. 1 2 "GYUB (South Korean Solid Fueled LV)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-12-18.
  93. 1 2 "SOYUZ-2 Launch Vehicle". en.samspace.ru. Retrieved 2023-12-27.
  94. 1 2 "Soyuz-2-1a Fregat". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-12-27.
  95. ↑ "Soyuz-2-1a (14A14)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-12-27.
  96. ↑ "Soyuz-2-1a Volga". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-12-27.
  97. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Soyuz-2-1a (14A14)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
  98. 1 2 3 "Soyuz-2-1b Fregat". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-12-27.
  99. ↑ "Soyuz-2-1b". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-12-27.
  100. 1 2 3 Krebs, Gunter. "Soyuz core only". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
  101. ↑ "Starship". SpaceX. Archived from the original on 30 September 2019. Retrieved 1 October 2019.
  102. ↑ "SpaceX". SpaceX. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  103. 1 2 "NASA's Space Launch System Reference Guide (Web Version)" (PDF). Retrieved 2023-12-29.
  104. ↑ "SLS". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
  105. ↑ Lock, Samantha (16 November 2022). "NASA Artemis 1 launch: Rocket lifts off on moon mission – as it happened". The Guardian.
  106. 1 2 "Indian Space Research Organisation". www.isro.gov.in. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
  107. ↑ "List of SSLV Launches". www.isro.gov.in. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
  108. 1 2 3 "Tianlong-2". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
  109. ↑ "Vega (P80 based)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-07-15.
  110. ↑ "Vega User's Manual" (PDF). Issue 4. Arianespace. April 2014. pp. 2–10. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
  111. ↑ "Vega". Arianespace. Retrieved 2023-07-15.
  112. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Vega". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
  113. 1 2 "Vega C - Arianespace". Arianespace. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  114. ↑ "Vega-C". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
  115. 1 2 3 "Vulcan". www.ulalaunch.com. Retrieved 2024-01-13.
  116. ↑ "Vulcan". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2024-01-08.
  117. 1 2 3 "Zhuque-2 (ZQ-2, LandSpace-2, LS-2)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
  118. ↑ Jones, Andrew [@AJ_FI] (December 14, 2022). "Looks like Zhuque-2 second stage failed to reach orbital velocity. Satellites lost. Similar to Zhuque-1 launch four years ago. https://t.co/DuDtHVHyyc" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 22 December 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2023 – via Twitter.
  119. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Lagier, Roland (March 2018). "Ariane 6 User's Manual Issue 1 Revision 0" (PDF). Arianespace. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 27 May 2018.
  120. 1 2 Berger, Eric (2023-05-12). "The Ariane 6 rocket will now debut no earlier than the spring of 2024". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  121. 1 2 "Mission ― Perigee". perigee.space. Retrieved 2023-12-18.
  122. 1 2 Boucher, Marc (14 March 2017). "Exclusive: Maritime Launch Services Selects Nova Scotia Site for Spaceport Over 13 Other Locations". SpaceQ. Retrieved 18 March 2017.
  123. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Tsiklon-4M (Cyclone-4M)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
  124. ↑ "Precious Payload allies with Maritime Launch + adds Canada's 1st commercial spaceport to the Launch.ctrl marketplace for smallsat interests – SatNews". news.satnews.com. Retrieved 2022-12-29.
  125. ↑ "LAUNCH". Gilmour Space. Retrieved 2021-05-29.
  126. ↑ Gilmour Space [@GilmourSpace] (December 5, 2023). "** LAUNCH UPDATE: With end of year fast-approaching and launch approvals still pending, Test Flight 1 will now attempt first orbital launch in 2024. **" (Tweet). Retrieved 5 December 2023 – via Twitter.
  127. ↑ "Propulsion deal offers boost for Scottish horizontal space launches – SatNews".
  128. ↑ Jones, Andrew (2 November 2023). "China's iSpace launches and lands rocket test stage". spacenews.com. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  129. ↑ "Launch Vehicle". Space One. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  130. 1 2 Jones, Andrew (28 June 2021). "China's super heavy rocket to construct space-based solar power station". Retrieved 8 January 2022.
  131. ↑ Jones, Andrew (5 July 2018). "China reveals details for super-heavy-lift Long March 9 and reusable Long March 8 rockets". SpaceNews. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
  132. ↑ Pinedo, Emma (20 October 2023). "Spain's PLD Space expects first orbital launch in Q1 2026 from French Guiana". Reuters. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
  133. ↑ "Medium Launch Vehicle". Firefly Aerospace. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  134. ↑ "JP Introducing Neutron". YouTube. 2021-03-01. Archived from the original on 2021-12-12. Retrieved 2021-03-01.
  135. ↑ Foust, Jeff (8 March 2017). "Eutelsat first customer for Blue Origin's New Glenn". SpaceNews. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
  136. ↑ "Interview. Bordeaux : après des essais dans leur jardin, ils vont lancer leur fusée dans l'espace". actu.fr (in French). 2023-05-04. Retrieved 2023-11-21.
  137. ↑ China 'N Asia Spaceflight 🚀🛰️🙏 [@CNSpaceflight] (January 9, 2023). "GAPACTIC-ENERGY's another important goal is to develop the reusable kerosene fueled rocket PALLAS-1, which is now targeted in 2024 for first launch https://t.co/TMrTZ6ZD8D https://t.co/xPKe0mVIBB" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 11 January 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2023 – via Twitter.
  138. ↑ Foust, Jeff (18 July 2018). "Orbex stakes claim to European smallsat launch market". SpaceNews. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
  139. 1 2 "LAUNCHER – Rocket Factory Augsburg". Retrieved 2021-09-18.
  140. ↑ "Shetland's SaxaVord spaceport will soon be launching satellites into orbit". Express. 24 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  141. 1 2 "ABL Space Systems".
  142. ↑ "Skyrora XL Rocket | Skyrora". www.skyrora.com. Retrieved 2022-08-19.
  143. ↑ "Space Launch System" (PDF). NASA Facts. NASA. 11 October 2017. FS-2017-09-92-MSFC. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 December 2018. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
  144. 1 2 Harbaugh, Jennifer (9 July 2018). "The Great Escape: SLS Provides Power for Missions to the Moon". NASA. Archived from the original on 11 December 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
  145. ↑ Creech, Stephen (April 2014). "NASA's Space Launch System: A Capability for Deep Space Exploration" (PDF). NASA. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
  146. ↑ Zak, Anatoly (7 August 2017). "Preliminary design for Soyuz-5 races to completion". Russian Space Web. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
  147. ↑ "First launch of Soyuz-5 rocket due Dec 24, 2025". TASS. 17 August 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
  148. 1 2 Berger, Eric (7 October 2020). "Russian space corporation unveils planned "Amur" rocket—and it looks familiar". Ars Technica. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
  149. 1 2 "Spectrum". Isar Aerospace. Retrieved 2022-03-05.
  150. ↑ Jones, Andrew (2023-11-03). "Norway opens Andøya spaceport". SpaceNews. Retrieved 2024-01-02.
  151. ↑ "STERNE". OPUS Aerospace (in French). Retrieved 2023-11-21.
  152. 1 2 "Relativity Space Shares Updated Go-to-Market Approach for Terran R, Taking Aim at Medium to Heavy Payload Category with Next-Generation Rocket". Relativity Space (Press release). 12 April 2023. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  153. ↑ "AirLaunch-System Valkyrie in neuem Design". Astrodrom. Retrieved 2023-11-21.
  154. ↑ "Vega E: M10 motor / Mira". Avio. Archived from the original on 19 April 2019. Retrieved 7 June 2018.
  155. 1 2 3 "Launch Vehicle". Skyroot Aerospace. 2019-01-10. Archived from the original on 2020-12-15. Retrieved 2019-04-21.
  156. ↑ "Skyroot Aerospace". Skyroot Aerospace. Retrieved 2019-04-21.
  157. 1 2 "Rocket Rundown – A Fleet Overview" (PDF). ULA. November 2019. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
  158. ↑ Zak, Anatoly (19 February 2019). "The Yenisei super-heavy rocket". RussianSpaceWeb. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  159. ↑ "Russia to launch super-heavy rocket to Moon in 2032–2035". TASS. 23 January 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2018.
  160. ↑ Zak, Anatoly (24 November 2017). "Russia charts new roadmap to super-heavy rocket". Russian Space Web. Retrieved 6 June 2018.
  161. ↑ Zak, Anatoly (8 February 2019). "Russia Is Now Working on a Super Heavy Rocket of Its Own". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  162. ↑ "Roscosmos unveils characteristics of super-heavy rockets for flights to the Moon (In Russian)". RIA NOVOSTI. 24 April 2019.
  163. ↑ Axe, David. "Iran's New Space Rocket Could Double As A Nuclear Missile". Forbes. Retrieved 2021-03-08.
  164. 1 2 3 Krebs, Gunter. "Antares (Taurus-2)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
  165. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Krebs, Gunter. "Ariane-1, -2, -3, -4". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
  166. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Krebs, Gunter. "Ariane-5". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 31 December 2021.
  167. ↑ "Ariane 5". andegraf.com. Archived from the original on November 28, 2015. Retrieved April 27, 2018.
  168. ↑ "Final launch of Ariane 5 GS completes busy year / Launchers / Our Activities / ESA". European Space Agency. 2009-12-19. Retrieved 2013-11-04.
  169. 1 2 "Ariane 5 Users Manual" (PDF). Issue 4. Arianespace. p. 39 (ISS orbit). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 13 November 2007.
  170. ↑ "Ariane 5 sets new record on latest launch". ESA. 24 October 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  171. ↑ "Welcome To ISRO :: Launch Vehicles". ISRO. Retrieved 2013-11-04.
  172. 1 2 Krebs, Gunter. "SLV-3 / ASLV". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
  173. ↑ "Athena-1 (LLV-1 / LMLV-1)".
  174. ↑ "NASA, Athena Mission Planner's Guide 26 August 2012" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 January 2017. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  175. ↑ "Athena-2". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 2013-11-08. Retrieved 2013-11-04.
  176. ↑ "Athena-2 (LLV-2 / LMLV-2)".
  177. ↑ Encyclopedia Astronautica, Black Arrow Archived 2007-12-06 at the Wayback Machine
  178. ↑ astronautix.com, Titan III Archived 2014-12-25 at the Wayback Machine
  179. 1 2 Krebs, Gunter. "Dnepr". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
  180. ↑ Clark, Stephen (30 December 2016). "Iridium satellites closed up for launch on Falcon 9 rocket". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 30 December 2016. Russian officials have said they plan to discontinue Dnepr launches.
  181. 1 2 3 "S. P. Korolev RSC Energia – LAUNCHERS". Energia. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2010-08-01.
  182. ↑ Wade, Mark. "Energia". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 11 October 2011. Retrieved 9 August 2010.
  183. 1 2 Krebs, Gunter. "Falcon-1". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
  184. 1 2 "Falcon 9". SpaceX. 2012-11-16. Archived from the original on 5 August 2014.
  185. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Falcon-9". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
  186. 1 2 3 4 "Capabilities & Services". SpaceX. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
  187. ↑ de Selding, Peter B. (June 15, 2016). "Iridium's SpaceX launch slowed by Vandenberg bottleneck". SpaceNews. Retrieved June 21, 2016.
  188. ↑ Feng Bao 1, part of CZ family
  189. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "FB-1 (Feng Bao-1)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 17 August 2018.
  190. 1 2 3 4 5 Krebs, Gunter. "GSLV". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
  191. ↑ "JERS (Fuyo)".
  192. ↑ astronautix.com, H-2 Archived 2008-07-06 at the Wayback Machine
  193. 1 2 Krebs, Gunter. "H-2". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 1 August 2011.
  194. ↑ astronautix.com H-IIA 2024 Archived 2011-10-11 at the Wayback Machine
  195. ↑ "MHI Launch Services: Launch Vehicles". Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, MHI Launch Services. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
  196. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "H-2B". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 24 September 2019.
  197. 1 2 Krebs, Gunter. "Kaituozhe-2 (KT-2)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
  198. ↑ "Cosmos-1, 3, 3M and 3MU – SL-8 – C-1".
  199. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Nissan Heritage Collection online【その他】プリンス自動車工業小史". Nissan Motors. Retrieved 8 March 2011.
  200. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Satellite Launch Vehicles". Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS). Retrieved 4 March 2011.
  201. ↑ astronautix.com, Long March 1, also called CZ-1
  202. 1 2 Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-1 (Chang Zheng-1)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
  203. ↑ astronautix.com, Long March 1D (CZ-1D) Archived 2002-05-25 at the Wayback Machine
  204. ↑ astronautix.com Long March 2A – CZ-2A Archived 2008-05-16 at the Wayback Machine
  205. ↑ "LM-3A Series Launch Vehicles User's Manual Issue 2011" (PDF). 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2015. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
  206. ↑ astronautix.com, Encyclopedia Astronautica, Molniya 8K78M Archived 2012-05-08 at the Wayback Machine
  207. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Molniya (8K78)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
  208. ↑ "US-K (73D6)".
  209. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Molniya and Soyuz with upper stages". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
  210. ↑ "Complex N1-L3". Energia.ru. Archived from the original on 2016-10-30. Retrieved 2013-11-04.
  211. ↑ "L3". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 2012-12-01. Retrieved 2013-11-04.
  212. ↑ "RSC "Energia" – History". Energia.ru. 2011-04-12. Archived from the original on 2016-10-30. Retrieved 2013-11-04.
  213. ↑ Wade, Mark. "N1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on June 12, 2002. Retrieved 9 August 2010.
  214. ↑ astronautix.com, N-I- Delta Archived 2008-07-24 at the Wayback Machine
  215. ↑ astronautix.com, Encyclopedia Astronautica, N-2 Archived 2013-11-08 at the Wayback Machine
  216. ↑ "STSAT 2C".
  217. ↑ Goh, Deyana (5 July 2018). "Chinese startup One Space successfully tests first stage engine for orbital rocket". Spacetech Asia. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
  218. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "OS-M (Chongqing SQX)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
  219. ↑ Jones, Andrew (17 May 2018). "Chinese company OneSpace sends OS-X rocket to 40 km in maiden flight". GBTimes. Archived from the original on 25 February 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2018.
  220. ↑ Encyclopedia Astronautica, Proton-K
  221. ↑ "Launch Vehicles". Archived from the original on 2015-11-06. Retrieved 2015-12-18.
  222. ↑ "Proton". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on September 13, 2008. Retrieved 2013-11-04.
  223. ↑ "Outcome Budget 2016–2017" (PDF). Government of India, Department of Space. 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 June 2017. Retrieved 15 September 2018. Currently, two versions of PSLV are operational, namely PSLV-XL (with six extended version of Strap-on motors) and the PSLV Core-alone (without Strap-on motors).
  224. ↑ Vance, Ashlee (3 February 2020). "A Small-Rocket Maker Is Running a Different Kind of Space Race". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
  225. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Rokot (Rockot)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 31 August 2019.
  226. ↑ "ABL Space Systems maiden flight fails after liftoff". 10 February 2023.
  227. ↑ astronautix.com, Saturn I Archived 2010-12-07 at the Wayback Machine
  228. 1 2 "Saturn-1 & Saturn-1B". Space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2013-11-04.
  229. ↑ Encyclopedia Astronautica, Saturn IB Archived 2011-05-14 at the Wayback Machine
  230. ↑ Bilstein, Roger E. "Appendix C: Saturn Family/Mission Data". Stages to Saturn A Technological History of the Apollo/Saturn Launch Vehicles. NASA History Office. Retrieved 7 April 2011.
  231. ↑ Alternatives for Future U.S. Space-Launch Capabilities (PDF), The Congress of the United States. Congressional Budget Office, October 2006, pp. X, 1, 4, 9
  232. ↑ Stafford, Thomas P. (1991), America at the Threshold – Report of the Synthesis Group on America's Space Exploration Initiative, p. 31
  233. ↑ "Rocket and Space Technology". Braeunig.us. Retrieved 2013-11-04.
  234. ↑ Alan Lawrie and Robert Godwin, Saturn, 2005 (paperback, Apogee Books Space Series, 2010), ISBN 1-894959-19-1
  235. ↑ John Duncan, Saturn V Flight History Archived 2011-08-05 at the Wayback Machine (1999), web page (accessed 20 August 2010)
  236. ↑ "Vysota / Volna / Shtil".
  237. 1 2 3 "Vysota / Volna / Shtil". Retrieved 2014-12-23.
  238. 1 2 3 "SLV-3". Retrieved 13 February 2014.
  239. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Soyuz (11A511)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 20 December 2016.
  240. ↑ "Soyuz-FG Launch Vehicle". Progress Rocket Space Centre. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
  241. 1 2 3 4 Krebs, Gunter. "Soyuz with Fregat upper stage". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
  242. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Soyuz-FG (11A511U-FG)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
  243. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Soyuz-L (11A511L)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 20 December 2016.
  244. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Soyuz-M (11A511M)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 20 December 2016.
  245. ↑ "Soyuz-ST". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 24 August 2015. Retrieved 17 May 2015.
  246. 1 2 "Soyuz-ST Launch Vehicle". Progress Rocket Space Centre. Retrieved 17 May 2015.
  247. ↑ "Soyuz 2 Launch Vehicle". Russian Space Web. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
  248. ↑ "Soyuz overview". Arianespace. Retrieved 7 June 2018.
  249. 1 2 "Soyuz-U Launch Vehicle". JSC "RCC" Progress. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
  250. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Soyuz with Ikar and Volga upper stages". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 20 December 2016.
  251. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Soyuz-U (11A511U)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 20 December 2016.
  252. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Soyuz-U2 (11A511U2)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 20 December 2016.
  253. 1 2 Krebs, Gunter. "Shuttle (STS)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
  254. ↑ "SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM PAYLOADS". Kennedy Space Center. 2000. Archived from the original on 17 July 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
  255. ↑ "NASA – Space Shuttle". NASA. Retrieved 2012-07-25.
  256. ↑ "Sputnik 2 (PS-2 #1)".
  257. 1 2 Krebs, Gunter. "SS-520". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
  258. ↑ Graham, William (3 February 2018). "Japanese sounding rocket claims record-breaking orbital launch". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
  259. ↑ "Experimental Launch of World's Smallest Orbital Space Rocket ends in Failure". Spaceflight 101. 14 January 2017. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
  260. ↑ "Start-1".
  261. ↑ "Strela launcher".
  262. ↑ "Strela". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 23 Dec 2014.
  263. ↑ "Terran". Relativity Space. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  264. ↑ astronautix.com, Titan II GLV Archived 2016-02-28 at the Wayback Machine
  265. ↑ astronautix.com, Titan 23G Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
  266. ↑ astronautix.com, Titan IIIC Archived 2014-12-25 at the Wayback Machine
  267. ↑ astronautix.com, Titan IIID Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
  268. ↑ astronautix.com, Titan IIIE Archived 2015-12-02 at the Wayback Machine
  269. 1 2 "Titan-4". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
  270. 1 2 "Titan-4". Space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2013-11-04.
  271. 1 2 "Fact Sheet – Titan IVB". United States Air Force. Retrieved 2007-11-12.
  272. ↑ astronautix.com, Tsyklon-2A Archived 2013-05-22 at the Wayback Machine
  273. ↑ "Tsiklon-2A (11K67)". Space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2013-11-04.
  274. ↑ astronautix.com, Tsyklon-2 Archived 2013-05-22 at the Wayback Machine
  275. 1 2 "Tsiklon-2 (11K69)". Space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2013-11-04.
  276. ↑ nasaspaceflight.com, Tsyklon-3
  277. 1 2 "Tsiklon-3 (11K68)". Space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2013-11-04.
  278. 1 2 Krebs, Gunter. "Unha ("Taepodong-2")". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 20 December 2016.
  279. ↑ astronautix.com, vanguard Archived 2002-05-06 at the Wayback Machine
  280. ↑ "VLS".
  281. ↑ "IRDT 1, 2, 2R".
  282. ↑ "NASA – NSSDCA – Spacecraft – Details".
  283. 1 2 "Spacecraft – Vostok".
  284. ↑ "Meteor-2 (11F632)".
  285. ↑ astronautix.com, Soyuz/Vostok Archived 2010-01-07 at the Wayback Machine
  286. 1 2 Kyle, Ed. "Zenit Data Sheet". Spacelaunchreport.com. Retrieved 2013-11-04.
  287. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Zenit-2". Gunter's Space Pages. Retrieved 20 December 2016.
  288. ↑ "Zenit launch vehicle". Russianspaceweb.com. Retrieved 2013-11-04.
  289. ↑ "Elektro-L 1, 2, 3".
  290. 1 2 3 4 5 Krebs, Gunter. "Zenit-3". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
  291. ↑ Jones, Andrew (2 August 2018). "Landspace of China to launch first rocket in Q4 2018". SpaceNews. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
  292. 1 2 Barbosa, Rui C. (27 October 2018). "Chinese commercial provider LandSpace launches Weilai-1 on a Zhuque-1 rockets – fails to make orbit". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
  293. ↑ "Atlas Centaur LV-3C Development". 25 March 2023.
  294. ↑ "Atlas Centaur".
  295. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Krebs, Gunter. "Atlas Centaur". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 1 August 2011.
  296. ↑ astronautix.com, Atlas H
  297. ↑ astronautix.com, Atlas IIIB Archived 2002-05-01 at the Wayback Machine
  298. ↑ "ULA launches two space surveillance satellites for U.S. Space Force". SpaceNews. 2022-01-21. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
  299. ↑ "WMO OSCAR – Satellite: NOAA-3".
  300. ↑ "NASA – NSSDCA – Spacecraft – Details".
  301. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 Krebs, Gunter. "Delta". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
  302. ↑ Wade, Mark. "Delta 0300". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
  303. ↑ Wade, Mark. "Delta 0900". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
  304. ↑ "GEOS 3".
  305. ↑ "1972 – 2616 – Flight Archive".
  306. ↑ "OSO 8".
  307. ↑ "Explorer: RAE B".
  308. ↑ "Delta-1914".
  309. ↑ "NASA – NSSDCA – Spacecraft – Details".
  310. ↑ "Skynet 2A, 2B".
  311. 1 2 Wade, Mark. "Delta 2913". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
  312. ↑ "Explorer: DE 1, 2".
  313. ↑ Wade, Mark. "Delta 4000". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
  314. ↑ Wade, Mark. "Delta 5000". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rocket comparisons.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.