Isfahan Province
استان اصفهان
Province
Map of Iran with Isfahan province highlighted
Location of Isfahan province within Iran
Coordinates: 32°39′28″N 51°40′09″E / 32.6577°N 51.6692°E / 32.6577; 51.6692
CountryIran
RegionRegion 2
CapitalIsfahan
Counties29
Government
 • Governor-generalReza Mortazavi
 • MPs of Assembly of Experts1 Abdol Mohammad Abdolahi
2 Abdul-Nabi Namazi
3 Morteza Moghtadai
4 Seyed Abolhasan Mahdavi
5 Yousef Tabatabai Nejad
 • Representative of the Supreme LeaderYousef Tabatabai Nejad and
Saeed Hosseini (Kashan)
Area
 • Total107,018 km2 (41,320 sq mi)
Population
 (2016)[1]
 • Total5,120,850
 • Estimate 
(2020)
5,343,000[2]
 • Density48/km2 (120/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+03:30 (IRST)
Main language(s)Predominantly Persian.
small Minority: Bakhtiari Luri, Qashqai, Georgian, Armenian languages in some regions of the province
HDI (2017)0.830[3]
very high · 3rd
Websitewww.ostan-es.ir
Isfahan Province Historical population
YearPop.±%
19661,703,701—    
19863,294,916+93.4%
20064,559,256+38.4%
20114,879,312+7.0%
20165,120,850+5.0%
amar.org.ir

Isfahan Province (Persian: استان اصفهان, romanized: Ostāne Esfahan), also transliterated as Esfahan, Espahan, Isfahan, or Isphahan, is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. The city of Isfahan is the provincial capital. It is located in the center of the country in Iran's Region 2,[4] whose secretariat is located in Isfahan.

At the 2006 National Census, the province's population was 4,499,327 in 1,223,684 households, with a literacy rate of 88.65 percent.[5] The following census in 2011 counted 4,879,312 people in 1,454,162 households.[6] At the most recent census in 2016, the population of the province had risen to 5,120,850 in 1,607,482 households.[1]

Geography

The Isfahan province covers an area of approximately 107,018 square km and is situated in the center of Iran. To its north, stand the Markazi (Central) Province and the provinces of Qom and Semnan. To its south, it is bordered by the provinces of Fars, and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province. Aminabad is the most southern city of Isfahan province just 2 km north of the border. To the east, it is bordered by the province of Yazd. To the west, it shares its border with the province of Lurestan and to the southwest lies the province of Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiyari.

The province experiences a moderate and dry climate on the whole, ranging between 40.6 °C (105.08 °F) and 10.6 °C (51 °F) on a cold day in the winter season. The average annual temperature has been recorded as 16.7 °C (62 °F) and the annual rainfall on average has been reported as 116.9 mm. The city of Sepahan (Esfahan) however experiences an excellent climate, with four distinct seasons.

With an elevation of 4,040 metres, the Shahankuh is the highest peak in Isfahan Province. This mountain is located about 20 kilometres southwest of the city of Fereydunshahr in the western part of Isfahan Province.

Isfahan province has 52 rivers, mostly small and temporary, with the exception of the Zāyanderud, which totals 405 km in length a basin area of 27,100 km2.[7]

Biodiversity

Aphanius isfahanensis (Farsi: کپوردندان_اصفهان) is a species of Cyprinodontid fish endemic to the Zayandehrud river basin (see genus Aphanius). It is known only from three sites across the province.[8][9][10][11] Allium chlorotepalum is an endemic species of Isfahan province, Astragalus vernaculus is also common in the west of the province.[12][13]

History

Historians have recorded Espahan, Sepahan or Isfahan initially as a defense and military base. The security and protection of the gradually increasing castles and fortifications, thereby, would provide the protection of residents nearby, therefore leading to the growth of large settlements nearby. These historical castles were Atashgah, Sarooyieh, Tabarok, Kohan Dej, and Gard Dej. The oldest of these is Ghal'eh Sefeed and the grounds at Tamijan from prehistoric times. The historic village of Abyaneh, a nationwide attraction, also has Sassanid ruins and fire temples among other historical relics.

During the 17th and 18th centuries, Isfahan province enjoyed high standards of prosperity as it became the capital of Safavid Persia. While the city of Sepahan (Esfahan) was their seat of monarchical, Kashan was their place of vacation and leisure.

Administrative divisions

Isfahan Province Population History
Administrative Divisions2006[5]2011[6]2016[1]
Aran va Bidgol County89,96197,409103,517
Ardestan County43,58541,40542,105
Borkhar County1—108,933122,419
Borkhar and Meymeh County2277,783——
Buin Miandasht County3——24,163
Chadegan County33,68433,94232,479
Dehaqan County34,14934,84434,511
Falavarjan County232,019247,014249,814
Faridan County81,62279,74349,890
Fereydunshahr County38,95538,33435,654
Golpayegan County82,60187,47990,086
Harand County4———
Isfahan County1,963,3152,174,1722,243,249
Jarqavieh County4———
Kashan County297,000323,371364,482
Khansar County31,54232,42333,049
Khomeyni Shahr County282,888311,629319,727
Khur and Biabanak County5—17,79319,761
Kuhpayeh County4———
Lenjan County225,559246,510262,912
Mobarakeh County132,925143,474150,441
Nain County54,29838,07739,261
Najafabad County279,014300,288319,205
Natanz County43,94742,23943,977
Semirom County70,73565,04774,109
Shahin Shahr and Meymeh County1—196,584234,667
Shahreza County139,702149,555159,797
Tiran and Karvan County64,04369,04771,575
Varzaneh County4———
Total4,499,3274,879,3125,120,850
1A successor to Borkhar and Meymeh County
2Split into two counties
3Separated from Faridan County
4Separated from Isfahan County
5Separated from Nain County

Cities

According to the 2016 census, 4,507,430 people (over 88% of the population of Isfahan province) live in the following cities: Abrisham 22,429, Abuzeydabad 5,976, Afus 3,696, Alavijeh 8,067, Anarak 1,903, Aran and Bidgol 65,404, Ardestan 15,744, Asgaran 4,858, Asgharabad 6,876, Badrud 14,723, Bafran 1,978, Bagh-e Bahadoran 10,279, Bagh-e Shad 4,356, Baharan Shahr 11,284, Baharestan 79,023, Barf Anbar 5,382, Barzok 4,588, Buin Miandasht 9,889, Chadegan 9,924, Chamgardan 15,574, Chermahin 13,732, Damaneh 4,366, Daran 20,078, Dastgerd 17,775, Dehaq 8,272, Dehaqan 17,945, Dizicheh 18,935, Dorcheh Piaz 47,800, Dowlatabad 40,945, Ezhiyeh 3,156, Falavarjan 37,704, Farrokhi 2,968, Fereydunshahr 13,603, Fuladshahr 88,426, Gaz 24,433, Goldasht 25,235, Golpayegan 58,936, Golshahr 9,904, Golshan 5,437, Gorgab 9,690, Guged 6,012, Habibabad 9,491, Hana 4,922, Harand 7,829, Hasanabad 4,478, Imanshahr 14,633, Isfahan 1,961,260, Jandaq 4,665, Jowsheqan-e Qali 4,181, Jowzdan 6,998, Kamu va Chugan 2,434, Karkevand 7,058, Kahriz Sang 10,442, Kashan 304,487, Kelishad va Sudarjan 25,635, Khaledabad 3,023, Khansar 21,883, Khomeyni Shahr 247,128, Khur 6,765, Komeshcheh 5,100, Khvorzuq 29,154, Komeh 2,305, Kuhpayeh 5,518, Kushk 13,248, Lay Bid 1,832, Mahabad 3,727, Majlesi 9,363, Manzariyeh 7,164, Meshkat 5,357, Meymeh 5,651, Mobarakeh 69,449, Mohammadabad 5,032, Nain 27,379, Najafabad 235,281, Nasrabad 6,425, Natanz 14,122, Neyasar 2,319, Nikabad 4,364, Nushabad 11,838, Pir Bakran 13,469, Qahderijan 34,226, Qahjavarestan 9,712, Qamsar 3,877, Rezvanshahr 3,606, Rozveh 4,332, Sagzi 5,063, Sedeh Lenjan 19,101, Sefidshahr 5,804, Semirom 26,942, Shahin Shahr 173,329, Shapurabad 5,915, Shahreza 134,952, Sin 5,495, Talkhuncheh 9,924, Tarq Rud 1,749, Tiran 21,703, Tudeshk 4,275, Vanak 1,665, Varnamkhast 18,700, Varzaneh 12,714, Vazvan 5,952, Zarrin Shahr 55,817, Zavareh 8,320, Zayandeh Rud 9,463, Zazeran 7,962, Ziar 3,918, and Zibashahr 10,200.[1]

Language

First language in Isfahan Province[14]

  Persian (79.51%)
  Luri (6.83%)
  Turkic (5.82%)
  Central Plateau Group (3.39%)
  Georgian (0.30%)
  Biyabanaki (0.07%)
  Armenian (0.04%)
  Other, unknown (4.05%)

A majority of the population speak Persian as first language with a minority of Luri, Turkic, Georgian, Biyabanaki and Armenian speakers.[14]

During the Pahlavi era, a large group of Kurds from the Gulbaghi tribe were moved from the north of Kurdistan province to the city of Isfahan and the cities of Yazd, Kashan, and Nayin. Today, the Gulbaghi tribe are mostly assimilated elements in the population of these cities.[15][16]

Modern economy

Nine tons of saffron are produced by this province by the year.[17]

It is the biggest milk and dairy producer in Iran.[18]

High tech

The state has 18k active fiber optically connected network ports as of mid 2023.[19]

Military

Iranian armed forces the Islamic Republic military has several locations inside Isfahan province , There is also Esfahan nuclear fuel research and production center nfrpc. Hesa specializes in aerospace and helicopter maintenance and weaponry.[20][21][22]

Tourism

Bridges

Main Isfahan attractions include

  • Shahrestan bridge
  • Khajoo (Khaju) Bridge in Isfahan
  • siosepol or Si-O-Se-Pol bridge
  • Choobi Bridge (Joubi Bridge)[23]

Cuisine

According to the Isfahan atlas, well-known local dishes include Shefte, Kachi, Kebab Golpayegan, Samanu Shahreza, Carrot stew Khansar , Yokhe bread (Kaak) and Semirom.[24][25]

Education

As of 2023 fifty thousand foreign aliens were studying in schools [26]



Public universities

Islamic Azad Universities

Several well-known Islamic Azad University campuses in Iran are located in the province:

Islamic Azad University of Najafabad has the largest university campus in Middle East
Esfahan general bureau of education

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 10. Archived from the original (Excel) on 19 October 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  2. ↑ Amar. "توجه: تفاوت در سرجمع به دليل گرد شدن ارقام به رقم هزار مي باشد. (in Persian)". Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
  3. ↑ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Archived from the original on 23 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  4. ↑ "همشهری آنلاین-استان‌های کشور به ۵ منطقه تقسیم شدند (Provinces were divided into 5 regions)". Hamshahri Online (in Persian). 22 June 2014 [1 Tir 1393, Jalaali]. Archived from the original on 23 June 2014.
  5. 1 2 "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 10. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  6. 1 2 "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011)" (Excel). Iran Data Portal (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 10. Archived from the original on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  7. ↑ EIr and Xavier de Planhol, “ISFAHAN i. GEOGRAPHY,” Encyclopaedia Iranica, 2012. Archived 2020-05-26 at the Wayback Machine.
  8. ↑ Ghafouri, Zaniar; Keivany, Yazdan; Soofiani, Nasrollah M. (1 January 2019). "Reproductive biology of Aphanius isfahanensis in the Zayandehrud River, central Iran". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 102 (1): 19–25. Bibcode:2019EnvBF.102...19G. doi:10.1007/s10641-018-0833-0. ISSN 1573-5133. S2CID 53816219. Archived from the original on 20 December 2020. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
  9. ↑ Zicha, Ondrej. "BioLib: Biological library". www.biolib.cz. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  10. ↑ زانيار, غفوري; يزدان, کيواني; نصراله, محبوبي صوفياني (21 March 2018). "شاخص هاي تغذيه اي کپوردندان ماهي اصفهان (Aphanius isfahanensis) در رودخانه زاينده رود در ايران" (in Persian). 5 (3): 184–191. Archived from the original on 20 December 2020. Retrieved 29 September 2020. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  11. ↑ "تنوع جمعیتی کپوردندان اصفهان (aphanius isfahanensis)". www.virascience.com. Archived from the original on 20 December 2020. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  12. ↑ اخوان روفیگر, آزاده; باقری, علی; جم‌زاد, زیبا; جلیلی, عادل (2019). "The conservation status of two Allium )Amaryllidaceae( species in Iran". طبیعت ایران. 4 (1). doi:10.22092/irn.2019.118682. Archived from the original on 20 December 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
  13. ↑ اخوان روفیگر, آزاده; باقری, علی; جم زاد, زیبا; جلیلی, عادل (2020). "Conservation status of endemic species Astragalus vernaculus (Fabaceae)". طبیعت ایران. 4 (6). doi:10.22092/irn.2020.120810. Archived from the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
  14. 1 2 "Language distribution: Esfahan Province". 2017–2020. Archived from the original on 11 April 2022. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  15. ↑ Ahmadi, Mansur (2022). "سیاست های ایلیاتی پهلوی اول برابر گلباغی ها". The Scientific Journal of Cihan University – Sulaimanyia. 6 (3): 391–404. doi:10.25098/6.3.21.
  16. ↑ "کینه رضا شاه از طوایف و عشایر گه‌لواخی/ نه گلباغی ماند اینجا نه همدانی آنجا". 8 May 1402.
  17. ↑ "برداشت زعفران از مزارع استان اصفهان". www.iribnews.ir. Archived from the original on 20 December 2020. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  18. ↑ "استان اصفهان؛ ستون خیمه امنیت غذایی کشور". 31 August 2022. Archived from the original on 1 September 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  19. ↑ www.irna.ir https://www.irna.ir/news/85114803/%DB%B1%DB%B8-%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF. Retrieved 18 May 2023. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  20. ↑ "Isfahan xiv. MODERN ECONOMY AND INDUSTRIES – Encyclopaedia Iranica". Archived from the original on 6 May 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  21. ↑ "Isfahan xiv. MODERN ECONOMY AND INDUSTRIES ( – Encyclopaedia Iranica". Archived from the original on 26 May 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  22. ↑ "Isfahan xiv. MODERN ECONOMY AND INDUSTRIES ( – Encyclopaedia Iranica". Archived from the original on 26 May 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  23. ↑ "Isfahan Bridge - IsfahanMag". Retrieved 29 June 2023.
  24. ↑ "آغاز تدوین اطلس غذایی استان اصفهان". www.iribnews.ir. Archived from the original on 20 December 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  25. ↑ "تدوین اطلس غذایی استان اصفهان آغاز شد- اخبار اصفهان - اخبار استانها تسنیم - Tasnim". خبرگزاری تسنیم - Tasnim (in Persian). Archived from the original on 20 December 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  26. ↑ "صدور ۱۸۰۰ شناسنامه برای فرزندان اتباع / ۵۳ هزار دانش‌آموز تبعه خارجی در اصفهان داریم - ایمنا". Archived from the original on 21 September 2023.
  27. ↑ "Islamic azad university falavarjan branch". Archived from the original on 15 March 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
  28. ↑ "khuisf.ac.ir". khuisf.ac.ir. Archived from the original on 13 August 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
  29. ↑ "Islamic Azad University Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch". en.khuisf.ac.ir. Archived from the original on 12 February 2013. Retrieved 27 March 2018.

Bibliography

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