Nations with which Benin has diplomatic relations.

After seizing power in the 1972 coup d'état, Major Mathieu Kérékou declared the People's Republic of Benin a Marxist-Leninist state and sought financial support from communist governments in Eastern Europe and Asia. To distance the modern state from its colonial past, the country became the People's Republic of Benin in 1975. However, Benin dropped the socialist ideology in 1989 following pressure from creditors and domestic unrest related to economic hardship.

In recent years Benin has strengthened ties with France, the former colonial power, as well as the United States and the main international lending institutions. Benin has also adopted a mediating role in the political crises in Liberia, Guinea-Bissau, and Togo and provided a contribution to the United Nations force in Haiti, all of which were indications of the country's growing confidence in the international community. Some of the allies of Benin are France, India, US, UK, Netherlands, Ghana, and China.

Bilateral relations

Sovereign state Formal Relations Began Notes
 Afghanistan 5 December 1984 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 December 1984[1]
 Albania 4 October 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 October 1974[2]
 Algeria 7 November 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 November 1964 when Algeria's first Ambassador to Dahomey Mr. Tahar Gaid presented his letters of credence[3]
 Andorra 24 March 2006 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 March 2006[4]
 Angola 11 October 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 October 1976.[5]
 Antigua and Barbuda 21 December 2023 Both countries established diuplomatic relations on 21 December 2023.[6]
 Argentina 20 May 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 May 1974[7]
 Armenia2 August 2007Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 August 2007[8]
 Austria 1 December 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 December 1964[9]
 Azerbaijan 14 October 1999 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 October 1999[10]
 Bahrain 21 September 2023 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 September 2023[11]
 Bangladesh 14 July 2008 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 July 2008 when has been accredited first Ambassador of Benin to Bangladesh (resident in Beijing) Mr. Sedozan Jean-Claude Apithy.[12]
 Belarus 21 June 2001 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 June 2001[13]
 Belgium 3 January 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 January 1961.[14]
 Belize 14 September 2023 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 September 2023[15]
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 11 September 2009 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 September 2009[16]
 Botswana 21 February 2007 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 February 2007[17]
 Brazil17 May 1961Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 May 1961[18]
  • Benin does not have an accreditation for Brazil.
  • Brazil has an embassy in Cotonou.
 Brunei Darussalam 1 March 1994 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 March 1994[19]
 Bulgaria 25 June 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1962[20]
 Burkina Faso

In September 2007, Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) intervened to attempt to resolve the dispute over two villages along the Benin-Burkina Faso border that remain from a 2005 ICJ decision.

 Cambodia 23 January 1995 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 January 1995[21]
 Cameroon 31 July 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 July 1976[22]
 Canada 27 April 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1962[23]
 Chad 18 October 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 October 1976[24]
 Chile 25 August 2010 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 August 2010[25]
 China12 November 1964See Benin–China relations

The People's Republic of China and the Republic of Benin established diplomatic relations on November 12, 1964, yet in January 1966, Benin unilaterally severed the relations with China and the April that year to "resume relations" with Taiwan. On December 29, 1972, the Mathieu Kérékon Government restored the relations with China and then the relations saw a favorable development afterwards.[26]

  • Benin has an embassy in Beijing.
  • China has an embassy in Cotonou.
 Colombia 30 November 1988 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 November 1988[27]
 Comoros 17 May 2018 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 May 2018 when Ambassador of Benin to Comoros (resident in Pretoria) Mr. Erick Franck Saїzonou presented his credentials to President Azali Assoumani.[28]
 Costa Rica 28 June 1994 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 June 1994[29]
 Croatia 26 March 2001 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 March 2001[30]
 Cuba1 February 1974Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 February 1974[31]
  • Benin has an embassy in Havana.
  • Cuba has an embassy in Cotonou.
 Cyprus 10 October 2023 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 October 2023[32]
 Denmark15 December 1964See Benin–Denmark relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 December 1964 when was accredited first ambassador of Dahomey to Denmark Dr. Nicolas Amoussou Ewagnignon[33]

  • Denmark is accredited to Benin from its embassy in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
 Djibouti 16 June 2008 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 June 2008.[34]
 Dominican Republic 24 November 1999 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 November 1999[35]
 Ecuador 7 October 2019 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 October 2019[36]
 Egypt 15 December 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 December 1964 when decided to open Embassy of Egypt in Dahomey.[37]
 El Salvador 18 October 2023 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 October 2023[38]
 Equatorial Guinea 10 April 1981 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 April 1981 when first Ambassador of Equatorial Guinea to Benin presented his credentials to Head of State, Colonel Mathieu Kérékou.[39]
 Estonia 27 June 2005 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 June 2005[40]
 Ethiopia7 May 1966Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 May 1966 when first Ambassador of Ethiopia to Dahomey ( resident in Lagos ) Mr. Dawit Abdou presented his credentials.[41]
  • Benin has an embassy in Addis Ababa.
  • Ethiopia is accredited to Benin from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.
 Fiji 16 September 2011 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 September 2011[42]
 Finland 22 December 1988 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 December 1988[43]
 France2 August 1960Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 August 1960[44]
  • Benin has an embassy in Paris.[45]
  • France has an embassy in Cotonou.[46]
 Georgia 25 September 2014 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 September 2014[47]
 Germany 12 August 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 August 1960 when first Ambassador of FRG to Dahomey (resident in Abidjan) Mr. Theodor Axenfeld presented his credentials[48]
 Ghana
  • Benin does not have an accreditation for Ghana.
  • Ghana has an embassy in Cotonou.
 Grenada 21 September 2023 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 September 2023[49]
 Guatemala 14 November 1995 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 November 1995[50]
 Guinea 26 February 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 February 1962 when first Ambassador of Guinea to Dahomey Mr. Leon Maka presented his credentials to President Maga.[51]
 HaitiDecember 1960See Benin–Haiti relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations in December 1960 with opened Embassy of Haiti in Dahomey. It was closed in 1963 and reopened in Cotonou in February 2004. Embassy Haiti in Benin was finally closed on 11 December 2018.[52]

The two countries share an extensive cultural history by way of the Atlantic slave trade and the resulting importing of Vodou as a religious force in Haitian society.

  • Benin does not have an accreditation to Haiti.
  • Haiti is accredited to Benin from its embassy in Paris, France.
 Hungary 21 June 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 June 1962[53]
 Iceland 23 February 2005 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 February 2005[54]
 India25 June 1963See Benin–India relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1963[55]

  • India is accredited to Benin from its high commission in Abuja, Nigeria.
 Ireland 28 May 2019 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 May 2019 when first Ambassador of Benin to Ireland (resident in Paris) Mr. Auguste Alavo presented his credentials to President Michael D. Higgins.[56]
 Israel5 December 1961Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 December 1961.[57]
  • Israel is accredited to Benin from its embassy in Abidjan, Ivory Coast.
 Italy 30 November 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 November 1961 when first ambassador of Italy to Dahomey Mr. Renzo Luigi Romanelli presented his credentials to President Hubert Maga[58]
 Jamaica 25 April 2006 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 April 2006[59]
 Japan
  • Benin has an embassy in Tokyo.
  • Japan has an embassy in Cotonou.
 Jordan 4 June 2014 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 June 2014 when Ambassador of Benin Mr. Mouhaman Dahirou Ambaba presented his credentials to King of Jordan Abdullah.[60]
 Kazakhstan 13 September 2011 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 September 2011[61]
 Kenya12 March 1982See Benin–Kenya relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 March 1982 when first ambassador of Kenya to Benin Mr. Alfred Imbahale Machayo presented his credentials to Head of State of Benin Mr. Mathieu Kérékou.[62]

  • Benin is accredited to Kenya from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • Kenya's is accredited to Benin from its high commission in Abuja, Nigeria.
 Kuwait24 December 1987Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 December 1987[63]
  • Benin has an embassy in Kuwait City.
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Cotonou.
 Kyrgyzstan 29 January 2009 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 January 2009[64]
 Laos 2 January 1977 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 January 1977[65]
 Latvia 19 March 1997 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 March 1997[66]
 Lebanon 27 June 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 June 1962 when first ambassador of Lebanon to Dahomey presented his credentials to President Hubert Maga.[67]
 Liechtenstein 26 June 2019 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 June 2019 when accredited first ambassador of Benin to Liechtenstein (resident in Geneva) Mr. Eloi Laourou.[68]
 Lithuania 2 September 2005 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 September 2005[69]
 Luxembourg 17 September 1968 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 September 1968[70]
 Malawi 19 February 2019 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 February 2019 when first Ambassador of Benin to Malawi (resident in Pretoria) Mr. Erick Franck Saїzonou presented his credentials to President Peter Mutharika.[71]
 Maldives 16 September 2011 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 September 2011[72]
 Mali 27 August 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 August 1965 when first ambassador of Mali to Dahomey (resident in Niamey) Mr. Hangadoumbo Toure presented his credentials.[73]
 Malta 25 March 2009 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 March 2009[74]
 Mauritius 24 March 2003 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 March 2003[75]
 Mexico30 October 1975Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 October 1975[76]
  • Benin is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.[77]
  • Mexico is accredited to Benin from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria and has an honorary consulate in Cotonou.[78]
 Moldova 24 January 2018 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 January 2018[79]
 Monaco 8 March 2019 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 March 2019[80]
 Mongolia 30 March 1977 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 March 1977[81]
 Montenegro 15 September 2011 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 September 2011[82]
 Morocco5 November 1966Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 November 1966[83]
  • Benin has an embassy in Rabat.
  • Morocco has an embassy in Cotonou.
 Mozambique 24 October 2018 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 October 2018 when Ambassador of Benin Mr. Eric Franck Michel Saizonou, has presented his credentials to President of Mozambique Filipe Jacinto Nyusi.[84]
 Myanmar 2 July 2019 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 July 2019[85]
 Namibia 13 August 1990 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 August 1990[86]
   Nepal 23 January 2018 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 January 2018[87]
 Netherlands 26 December 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 December 1961[88]
 New Zealand 27 June 2013 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 June 2013[89]
 Nicaragua 5 June 1984 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 June 1984[90]
 Niger

Despite the occasional recurrence of a border conflict over Lete Island in the Niger River, Benin and Niger, both former French subjects of French West Africa, relations are close. Niger relies on the port at Cotonou, and to a lesser degree Lomé (Togo), and Port Harcourt (Nigeria), as its main route to overseas trade. Niger operates a Nigerien Ports Authority station, as well as customs and tax offices in a section of Cotonou's port, so that imports and exports can be directly transported between Gaya and the port. French Uranium mines in Arlit, which produce Niger's largest exports by value, travel through this port to France or the world market.

 Nigeria12 September 1961

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 September 1961 when has been appointed Charge d'Affaires of Dahomey to Nigeria Mr. Obed Pessou.[91]

Benin enjoys stable relations with Nigeria, the main regional power. In fact, Benin is dependent on Nigeria for most of its export. Its economy is primarily based on informal trade with Nigeria.

  • Benin has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Cotonou.
 North Macedonia 26 November 2004 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 November 2004[92]
 Norway 25 September 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 September 1964[93]
 Oman 16 November 2018 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 November 2018[94]
 Pakistan 10 December 1963 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1963 when the Pakistan Government has decided to concurrently accredit M. S. Shaikh, High Commissioner for Pakistan in Nigeria, as the country's ambassador to Dahomey.[95]
 Panama 20 September 2005 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 September 2005[96]
 Peru 22 November 2017 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 November 2017[97]
 Philippines 8 August 1997 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 August 1997 when has been accredited Ambassador of Philippines to Benin (resident in Lagos) Mr. Masarango Masrumpa.[98]
 Poland 14 June 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 June 1962[99]
 Portugal 25 July 1977 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 July 1977[100]
 Qatar2 November 1999Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 November 1999[101]
  • Benin has an embassy in Doha.
  • Qatar has an embassy in Cotonou.
 Romania 29 June 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 June 1962[102]
 Russia4 June 1962See Benin–Russia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 June 1962[103]

 Rwanda 21 March 1985 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 March 1985 when Ambassador of Rwanda to Benin Mr. Calixte Hatungimana presented his credentials to général Mathieu Kerekou.[104]
 Saint Kitts and Nevis 2 June 2022 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 June 2022[105]
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 3 October 2023 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 October 2023[106]
 Sao Tome and Principe 20 February 2019 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 February 2019 when Ambassador of Benin, Paulete  Adjovi presented his credentials to President Sao Tome and Principe Evaristo Carvalho.[107]
 Serbia 3 July 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 July 1962[108]
 Seychelles 1 March 1988 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 March 1988[109]
 Singapore 21 February 1994 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 February 1994[110]
 Slovakia 19 January 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 January 1993[111]
 Slovenia 1 December 2004 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 December 2004[112]
 Somalia 12 March 1982 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 March 1982 when first ambassador of Kenya to Benin Mr. Hussein Assan Farah presented his credentials to Head of State of Benin Mr. Mathieu Kérékou.[62]
 South Africa19 May 1994Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 May 1994[113]
  • Benin does not have an accreditation for South Africa.
  • South Africa has an embassy in Cotonou.
 South Korea1 August 1961Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1961[114]
  • Benin does not have an accreditation for South Korea.
  • South Korea is accredited to Benin from its embassy in Accra, Ghana.
 South Sudan 29 January 2013 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 January 2013[115]
 Spain25 March 1966Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 March 1966[116]
  • Benin is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Paris, France.
  • Spain is accredited to Benin from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.
 Sri Lanka 12 August 2013 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 August 2013 when Ambassador of Benin Mr. Andre Sanra presented his credentials to President of Sri Lanka Mahinda Rajapaksa.[117]
 Sudan 23 July 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 July 1962[118]
 Sweden 17 November 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 November 1961[119]
  Switzerland 21 November 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 November 1961[119]
 Tajikistan 8 July 2011 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 July 2011[120]
 Tanzania 25 May 1979 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 May 1979 when first ambassador of Tanzania to Benin Mr. Mirisho Sarakikya presented his credentials to President M. Kerekou[121]
 Thailand 5 October 1980 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 October 1980[122]
 Timor Leste 10 October 2023 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 October 2023.[123]
 Tunisia 18 January 1967 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1967 when Tunisian Ambassador to Dahomey, with residence in Abidjan, Mr. Mehiri Abdeljelil, has presented his credentials to General Soglo.[124]
 Turkey29 March 1974Benin–Turkey relationsBoth countries established diplomatic relations on 29 March 1974 when first Turkish Ambassador Mr. Talat Benler presented his credentials to President Mathieu Kerekou in Cotonou.[125]
  • Turkey has an embassy in Cotonou.[126]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was 142 million USD in 2019.[126]
  • There are direct flights from Istanbul to Cotonou since 2014.[126]
 Turkmenistan 26 July 2018 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 July 2018[127]
 Ukraine 10 April 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 April 1992[128]
 United Arab Emirates 5 January 1986 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 January 1986[129]
 United States1 August 1960See Benin–United States relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1960[130]

The two nations have had an excellent history of relations in the years since Benin embraced democracy. The U.S. Government continues to assist Benin with the improvement of living standards that are key to the ultimate success of Benin's experiment with democratic government and economic liberalization, and are consistent with U.S. values and national interest in reducing poverty and promoting growth. The bulk of the U.S. effort in support of consolidating democracy in Benin is focused on long-term human resource development through U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) programs.[131]

  • Benin has an embassy in Washington, D.C.
  • United States has an embassy in Cotonou.
 Uruguay 14 February 2008 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 February 2008[132]
 Uzbekistan 17 August 2005 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 August 2005[133]
 Venezuela20 June 1991Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 June 1991[134]
  • Benin does not have an accreditation for Venezuela.
  • Venezuela has an embassy in Cotonou.
 Vietnam 14 March 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 March 1973[135]
 Yemen 24 February 2014 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 February 2014 when Ambassador of Benin to Yemen Mr. Taher Mohammed Dambaya presented his credentials to President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi.[136]
 Zambia 8 February 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 February 1974 when Zambian ambassador Andreya S. Masiye presented credentials to President Kerekou[137]
 Zimbabwe 19 July 2018 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 July 2018 when first ambassador of Benin to Zimbabwe Mr. Eric Saizonou presented his credentials to President Emmerson Mnangagwa.[138]

Transnational Issues

Disputes

In September 2007, Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) intervened to attempt to resolve the dispute over two villages along the Benin-Burkina Faso border that remain from 2005 ICJ decision; much of Benin-Niger boundary, including tripoint with Nigeria, remains undemarcated; in 2005, Nigeria ceded thirteen villages to Benin, but border relations remain strained by rival cross-border gang clashes; talks continue between Benin and Togo on funding the Adjrala hydroelectric dam on the Mona River.

Refugees

Refugees (country of origin): 9,444 (Togo) (2007)

Illicit Drugs

Transshipment point used by traffickers for cocaine destined for Western Europe; vulnerable to money laundering due to poorly enforced financial regulations (2008)

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Between Benin and Afghanistan as of 5 Dec. 1984". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  2. ↑ Summary of World Broadcasts Non-Arab Africa · Issues 4717-4792. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1974. p. 5.
  3. ↑ Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1964. p. 184.
  4. ↑ "Diplomatic relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Andorra. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  5. ↑ Summary of World Broadcasts Non-Arab Africa · Issues 5326-5361. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1976. p. 6.
  6. ↑ "Antigua and Barbuda establishes diplomatic relations with the Republic of Benin in West Africa". Antigua News Room. December 22, 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  7. ↑ "Declaración Conjunta del Gobierno de la República Argentina y del Gobierno Militar Revolucionario de Dahomey estableciendo Relaciones Diplomáticas". Biblioteca Digital de Tratados (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  8. ↑ "Bilateral Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  9. ↑ Michael Th Neugebauer (1992). Die österreichisch-afrikanischen Beziehungen seit 1955 Wirtschaft, Politik, Entwicklungspolitik, Kultur (in German). Böhlau. p. 110.
  10. ↑ "The Republic of Benin". Republic of Azerbaijan Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  11. ↑ "Diplomatic relations between Bahrain and Benin as of 21 September 2023". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
  12. ↑ "Diplomatic List Bangladesh 2007" (PDF). p. 97. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  13. ↑ "Соглашение от 21 июня 2001 г. "Соглашение об установлении дипломатических отношений между Республикой Беларусь и Республикой Бенин"" (in Russian). Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  14. ↑ Belgisch staatsblad Issues 51-77 (in French and Dutch). 1961. p. 2166.
  15. ↑ "Diplomatic relations between Benin and Belize as of 14 September 2023". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  16. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Benin as of 11 Sept. 2009". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  17. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Between Benin and Botswana as of 21 Feb. 2007". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  18. ↑ "Cria uma Embaixada do Brasil na República do Daomei. Decreto nº 50.604, de 17 de maio de 1961". PORTAL DE LEGISLAÇÃO (in Portuguese). Retrieved 3 July 2023.
  19. ↑ Brunei Darussalam Newsletter. Department of Information, Prime Minister's Office. 2000.
  20. ↑ "Установяване, прекъсване u възстановяване на дипломатическите отношения на България (1878-2005)". filip-nikolov.com (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  21. ↑ "List of member states of the United Nations (193) having diplomatic relations with Cambodia". mfaic.gov.kh. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  22. ↑ Marchés tropicaux et méditerranéens Volume 32 (in French). 1976. p. 2123.
  23. ↑ "A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019". Canadian Global Affairs Institute. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  24. ↑ Translations on Sub-Saharan Africa Issues 1684-1695. United States. Joint Publications Research Service. 1976. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
  25. ↑ "Chile establece Relaciones Diplomáticas con la República de Benín". Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 April 2023.
  26. ↑ "Benin". china.org.cn. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  27. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Between Colombia and Benin as of 30 Nov. 1988". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  28. ↑ "S.E.M Eric Frank SAIZONOU nouvel Ambassadeur du Bénin en Union des Comores". beit-salam.km (in French). Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  29. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Between Benin and Costa Rica as of 28 June 1994". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  30. ↑ "Diplomatic relations between Benin and Croatia as of 26 Mar. 2001". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  31. ↑ "En los fondos documentales de Archivo MINREX atesoramos Comunicado Conjunto para el establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas entre Cuba y Dahomey, hoy República de Benin, firmado en Nueva York el 1/2/1974". CG Documental MINREX. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
  32. ↑ "Diplomatic relations between Benin and Cyprus as of 10 October 2023". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  33. ↑ "Udenlandske diplomatiske og konsulære repræsentationer i Danmark" (PDF). Hof- og Statskalender 1966 (in Danish). p. [21]. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  34. ↑ "Etat des Relations". Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres et de la Cooperation Internationale Djibouti (in French). Archived from the original on 18 August 2013. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  35. ↑ "ESTABLECIMIENTO DE RELACIONES DIPLOMÁTICAS". enlacecongreso.mirex.gob.do (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 4 October 2017. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  36. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Between Benin and Ecuador as of 7 Oct. 2019". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  37. ↑ Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1964. p. 203.
  38. ↑ "Diplomatic relations between Benin and El Salvador as of 18 October 2023". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
  39. ↑ Le Mois en Afrique - Issues 186-193 (in French). 1981. p. 158.
  40. ↑ "Diplomaatiliste suhete (taas)kehtestamise kronoloogia". vm.ee (in Estonian). Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  41. ↑ Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1966. p. 531.
  42. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations between Fiji and Benin as of 16 Sept. 2011". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  43. ↑ "Finland and Benin". finlandabroad.fi. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  44. ↑ "LISTE CHRONOLOGIQUE DES AMBASSADEURS, ENVOYÉS EXTRAORDINAIRES, MINISTRES PLÉNIPOTENTIAIRES ET CHARGÉS D'AFFAIRES DE FRANCE À L'ÉTRANGER DEPUIS 1945" (PDF). diplomatie.gouv.fr. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  45. ↑ "Le blog du Bénin en France". Le blog du Bénin en France.
  46. ↑ "La France au Bénin". bj.ambafrance.org.
  47. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations between Benin and Georgia as of 25 Sept. 2014". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  48. ↑ "Beninisch-deutsche Geschichte". Deutsche Botschaft Cotonou (in German). Archived from the original on 8 April 2010. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  49. ↑ "Diplomatic relations between Benin and Grenada as of 21 September 2023". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
  50. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Between Benin and Guatemala as of 14 Nov. 1995". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  51. ↑ Europe, France outremer - Issues 382-392 (in French). 1961. p. 64.
  52. ↑ "Diplomatie: l'Ambassade d'Haïti au Bénin définitivement fermée". Benin Web TV (in French). 16 December 2018. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  53. ↑ Lajos Gecsényi. Diplomaták a változó világbanFőkonzulok, követek és nagykövetek 1945-1990 (in Hungarian). 2015. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  54. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Between Benin and Iceland as of 23 Feb. 2005". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  55. ↑ Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts Issues 125-126. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1963. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  56. ↑ "New Ambassadors present Credentials". Department of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  57. ↑ Yitzhak Oron (1961). Middle East Record Volume 2, 1961 Volume 2. Israel Oriental Society, The Reuven Shiloah Research Center. p. 335. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  58. ↑ Europe, France outremer Issues 382-392 (in French). 1961. p. 48.
  59. ↑ "Jamaica and Benin Establish Diplomatic Relations". jis.gov.jm. May 3, 2006. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  60. ↑ "New ambassadors present credentials". The Jordan Times. June 4, 2014. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
  61. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations between Kazakhstan and Benin as of 13 Sept. 2011". United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  62. 1 2 Le Mois en Afrique - Issues 194-202 (in French). 1982. p. 173.
  63. ↑ Marchés tropicaux et méditerranéens Issues 2147-2172 (in French). Rene Moreaux et Cie. 1987. p. 27.
  64. ↑ "Kyrgyzstan, Benin establish diplomatic relations". AKIpress. February 2, 2009. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  65. ↑ "List of States which the Lao PDR has established diplomatic relations since 1950". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lao PDR. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  66. ↑ "Dates of Establishment and Renewal of Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Latvia. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  67. ↑ Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts Issues 126-127. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1962. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  68. ↑ "H.E. Eloi Laourou from the Republic of Benin". Liechtenstein MFA. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
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