Haiyang
海阳市 | |
|---|---|
 Location in Yantai | |
  Haiyang Location in Shandong | |
| Coordinates: 36°46′45″N 121°10′05″E / 36.77917°N 121.16806°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Shandong |
| Prefecture-level city | Yantai |
| Area | |
| • Total | 1,886 km2 (728 sq mi) |
| Population (2017)[1] | |
| • Total | 658,000 |
| • Density | 350/km2 (900/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 265100 |
| Website | www |
Haiyang (simplified Chinese: 海阳; traditional Chinese: 海陽; pinyin: Hǎiyáng), a coastal city in Shandong province in eastern China, located on the Yellow Sea (southern) coast of the Shandong Peninsula. It is a county-level city under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Yantai.
Haiyang's claim to fame comes from its extensive sea beaches, national forest parks, wetland reserves, as well as its beautiful beach and yachting opportunities. On 2 December 2006 the Olympic Council of Asia in Doha announced the selection of Haiyang as the host city for the 2012 Asian Beach Games. Haiyang is the site of the new Haiyang Nuclear Power Plant.[2] Haiyang is the hometown of writer Sun Junqing (孙俊卿),[3] whose 1962 work about the hope for a better year of farming in 1963 after the Great Chinese Famine is part of the Putonghua Proficiency Test.[4]
Geography
Administrative Divisions
As of 2012, Haiyang administers four subdistricts and 9 towns:[5]
| Name | Chinese (S) | Hanyu Pinyin |
|---|---|---|
| Subdistricts | ||
| Dongcun | 东村街道 | Dōngcūn Jiēdào |
| Fangyuan | 方圆街道 | Fāngyuán Jiēdào |
| Fengcheng | 凤城街道 | Fèngchéng Jiēdào |
| Longshan | 龙山街道 | Lóngshān Jiēdào |
| Towns | ||
| Lidian | 里店镇 | Lǐdiàn Zhèn |
| Xiaoji | 小纪镇 | Xiǎojǐ Zhèn |
| Xingcun | 行村镇 | Xíngcūn zhèn |
| Xin'an | 辛安镇 | Xīn'ān Zhèn |
| Liugezhuang | 留格庄镇 | Liúgézhuāng Zhèn |
| Panshi | 盘石镇 | Pánshí Zhèn |
| Zhuwu | 朱吴镇 | Zhūwú Zhèn |
| Facheng | 发城镇 | Fāchéng Zhèn |
| Guocheng | 郭城镇 | Guōchéng Zhèn |
Climate
| Climate data for Haiyang (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 13.0 (55.4) |
19.7 (67.5) |
23.0 (73.4) |
31.5 (88.7) |
33.3 (91.9) |
37.4 (99.3) |
37.6 (99.7) |
35.6 (96.1) |
36.6 (97.9) |
29.9 (85.8) |
23.4 (74.1) |
17.5 (63.5) |
37.6 (99.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3.4 (38.1) |
5.8 (42.4) |
10.6 (51.1) |
16.8 (62.2) |
22.5 (72.5) |
25.7 (78.3) |
28.4 (83.1) |
29.1 (84.4) |
26.1 (79.0) |
20.4 (68.7) |
12.9 (55.2) |
5.8 (42.4) |
17.3 (63.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.2 (29.8) |
0.8 (33.4) |
5.5 (41.9) |
11.7 (53.1) |
17.5 (63.5) |
21.5 (70.7) |
25.0 (77.0) |
25.5 (77.9) |
21.6 (70.9) |
15.3 (59.5) |
8.0 (46.4) |
1.2 (34.2) |
12.7 (54.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.6 (23.7) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
1.6 (34.9) |
7.6 (45.7) |
13.5 (56.3) |
18.3 (64.9) |
22.4 (72.3) |
22.5 (72.5) |
17.7 (63.9) |
11.1 (52.0) |
4.2 (39.6) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
9.1 (48.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −13.7 (7.3) |
−13.2 (8.2) |
−9.2 (15.4) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
4.1 (39.4) |
10.6 (51.1) |
16.1 (61.0) |
14.6 (58.3) |
8.0 (46.4) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
−7.9 (17.8) |
−12.5 (9.5) |
−13.7 (7.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 7.4 (0.29) |
13.9 (0.55) |
19.1 (0.75) |
41.9 (1.65) |
64.8 (2.55) |
82.6 (3.25) |
153.0 (6.02) |
174.5 (6.87) |
58.7 (2.31) |
24.4 (0.96) |
26.5 (1.04) |
12.4 (0.49) |
679.2 (26.73) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.9 | 2.9 | 4.1 | 5.6 | 7.9 | 8.4 | 12.0 | 11.1 | 6.8 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 3.5 | 73.7 |
| Average snowy days | 5.1 | 3.4 | 1.4 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.5 | 5.0 | 16.5 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 61 | 60 | 59 | 61 | 67 | 77 | 84 | 81 | 70 | 65 | 64 | 63 | 68 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 188.5 | 181.2 | 227.1 | 232.0 | 251.8 | 209.6 | 174.8 | 204.6 | 220.1 | 219.6 | 184.0 | 182.5 | 2,475.8 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 61 | 59 | 61 | 59 | 57 | 48 | 39 | 49 | 60 | 64 | 61 | 61 | 57 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[6][7] | |||||||||||||
History
Historical affiliation
Haiyang was first settled with Laiyi people, one of peripheral Chinese ethnic minorities, some 2,300 years ago, and was annexed into China proper over centuries of dynasty rule and wars. Haiyang was consecutively under administration of Qi Kingdom in Warring Period, Jiaodong Province in Qin Dynasty, Laizhou Prefecture in Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties and Dengzhou Prefecture in Ming Dynasty.
Dasongwei Fortress
In 1389, Dasongwei Fortress, one of the nine coastal Fortresses of the time to guard against Japanese invasion and pirate attacks, was set up to govern both administratively and militarily the today's area of Haiyang, which land was ever called Dansylvania in the 19th century. In 1734, Dasongwei Fortress is officially renamed as Haiyang, which name lasts to date covering the south coast of Shandong Peninsula with an area of more than 3,000 kilometers. In 1947, the newly founded communist government cut off the eastern land of Haiyang to create another county of Rushan, since then Haiyang's 1,886 kilometer area forms a shape of flying phoenix towards west Pacific Ocean.
European settlement
From the late 19th century until World War I, Haiyang was a strategic town on the route between the two European settlements of Qingdao and Weihaiwei, respectively taken by Germany in 1898 and Britain in 1898 on lease basis, and commercial and trade activities were active until 1947 when communist troops took over.
Economy
Haiyang Port
Haiyang Port is one of the pivotal ports along south coastline of Shandong Peninsula with sea route connecting Korea, Japan and south Chinese ports. In May 1860, French navy tried to land for taking the fortress and failed. In August 1947, the government troops retreated from the port for Qingdao after defeat by the communists. In April 1963, the Taiwan-based Chinese nationalist troops tried to land for taking back the city and all were defeated and captured by the paramilitaries. Haiyang Port is today one of the trade ports for the peninsula province with active export-oriented manufactures, and administratively under Qingdao Customs and Port authorities.
Clean energy transition
Due to natural gas shortages, the Chinese government implemented a 5-year plan in 2017 to convert half of northern China to clean energy for winter heating.[8] By the end of 2019 the Haiyang Nuclear Power Plant provided heating to 700,000 square meters of housing via non-radioactive steam, with the entire city expected to follow by 2021. This is anticipated to save 23,200 tons of coal each year,[9] and more than 60,000 tons of fossil fuel emissions.[10]
Tourism
Vacation facilities
Haiyang is nicknamed West Pacific Paradise partially due to its literal meaning of the city name, which means Ocean and Sun. With Laoshan mountain range in the northwest and Kunyu maintain range in the northeast, Haiyang boasts the nationwide best facilities of beach sporting and leisure resorts, including but not limited to Tiger Beach Golf Courses, Yachting Clubs, sailing events, Sand Carving Parks, Beach Volleyball Club, Beach Basketball Club, Music Festival, Japanese Village, seaview gardens and terrains, Phoenix Wetland Reserve, National Forest Park and Coast Film Park. Rocky Islands some 80 kilometers off the shore are another vacation resort of the city.
Leisure resorts
The city, known for its newly discovered primitive beauty, is a prime destination for beach sports with its 230 kilometer coastline, and climatically and typographically is quite similar to Scotland. In the past decade, this city has quickly become one of the top summer resorts and vacation paradises in China, and in northeast Asia in general.
Asian Beach Games
Haiyang hosted the 2012 Asian Beach Games, the first ever to be held in China, which was announced by the Olympic Council of Asia in Doha on 2 December 2006.
Twin Towns and Sister Cities
As of September 2019, Haiyang is twined/is sisters with Cranberry Township in Butler County, Pennsylvania.
References
- 1 2 中国•海阳概况 [Introduction to Haiyang, China] (in Simplified Chinese). Haiyang government website. 7 May 2017. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
- ↑ NucNet. Ground Broken At Site Of China’s Haiyang Nuclear Power Plant Archived 2011-10-04 at the Wayback Machine. 30 July 2008.
- ↑ 海阳市筹建峻青文学艺术馆 今年10月有望开馆 [Haiyang city preparing to build Junqing Literature & Art Museum, to be opened to the public this October] (in Simplified Chinese). Fenghuang Shandong. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
峻青，原名孙俊卿，1922年出生于烟台海阳市郭城镇西楼子村，当代著名作家、画家。
- ↑ 普通话水平测试实施纲要. Commercial Press. 2003. p. 342–343.
- ↑ 历史行政区划 [Historical Administrative Divisions] (in Simplified Chinese). Haiyang government website. 13 July 2013. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
到2012年，全市辖14个镇、街道，分别是东村街道、方圆街道、凤城街道、龙山街道、里店镇、小纪镇、行村镇、辛安镇、留格庄镇、盘石镇、朱吴镇、发城镇、徐家店镇、郭城镇。
- ↑ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
- ↑ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
- ↑ "China unveils 2017-2021 winter clean heating plan: media". Reuters. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
- ↑ "Haiyang nuclear plant furthers nation's green push - Chinadaily.com.cn". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
- ↑ "Haiyang begins commercial-scale district heat supply : New Nuclear - World Nuclear News". www.world-nuclear-news.org. Retrieved 1 December 2020.