This is a list of inventions and discoveries by Israeli scientists and researchers, working locally or overseas. There are over 6,000 startups currently in Israel.[1][2][3][4][5] There are currently more than 30 technology companies valued over US$1 billion (unicorn startups) in Israel,[6] more than all of Europe combined.[7]

Mathematics

Science

Chemistry

Physics

Optics

Endoscopic capsule
  • World's smallest video camera – a camera with a 0.99 mm (0.039 in) diameter, designed to fit in a tiny endoscope designed by Medigus.[21]
  • Pillcam by Given Imaging, the first Capsule Endoscopy solution to record images of the digestive tract.[22][23] The capsule is the size and shape of a pill and contains a tiny camera.[24] Created by Israeli engineer Gavriel Iddan[25] who sold the company to Irish medical device maker Covidien for $860 million.[26][27][28] Iddan has expressed regret for the sale due to the companies fulfillment of an ancient Jewish prophecy “The Pillcam was based on military technology... It was a good example of how we shall beat our swords into plowshares", as the Hebrew prophets predicted.[29] Covidien was acquired by Medtronic in 2016, and is now the provider of Pillcam.[30]
  • Line free single power bicentric prismatic spectacle lens for correction of anisometropia. Sydney J. Bush UK patent no. 1539381.

Medicine

Economics

Biotechnology

Eshkol-Wachman Movement Notation

Theoretical computer science

Computing

Computer hardware

USB flash drive, originally marketed as the DiskOnKey

Computer and mobile software

  • The network firewall - technology to block malware attacks, filter malicious traffic, and prevent unauthorized access to a network. Although academic work on this had been performed by others, Gil Schwed and Nir Zuk, at Israeli company Checkpoint, released the first commercial, stateful firewall.[109][110][111]
  • The first instant messaging (IM) service, ICQ. Originally developed by the Israeli company Mirabilis in 1996, ICQ was the first widely adopted IM service in the world. The company was bought by AOL for $407 million in 1998.[112][113][114][115][116][117]
  • FaceID, the Apple Inc facial recognition software used in iPhone devices.[118] FaceID is based on technology created by Israeli companies PrimeSense,[119][120][121] which was bought by Apple Inc. for $360 million on November 24, 2013,[122] and RealFace[123][124][125][126][127]
  • Windows XP and Windows NT. Much of these operating systems were developed at the Microsoft-Israel campus.[128][129][130][131]
  • Microsoft Security Essentials. Development of the Microsoft Security Essentials anti-virus suite began in December 2008 at the Microsoft R&D center in Herzliya, Israel.[129]
  • Microsoft Kinect. A line of motion sensing input devices produced by Microsoft, popularly used in tandem with the Xbox gaming system. The Kinect was originally developed by PrimeSense, an Israeli company.[129]
  • Babylon, a single-click computer translation, dictionary and information source utility program, developed by Amnon Ovadia.[132]
  • Gett, an application that connects between customers and taxi drivers using its proprietary GPS system, enabling users to order a cab either with their smartphone or through the company's website. It was founded by Israeli entrepreneur Shahar Waiser.[133]
  • Mobileye, vision-based advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) providing warnings for collision prevention and mitigation.[134] Many companies developing autonomous vehicles, such as BMW, rely on Mobileye's technology.
  • OrCam MyEye, is a portable, artificial vision device that allows the visually impaired to understand text and identify objects through audio feedback describing what such people are unable to see.[135]
  • Umoove, a high-tech startup company that invented a software only solution for face and eye tracking is located in Israel.[136]
  • Viber, a proprietary cross-platform instant messaging voice-over-Internet Protocol application for smartphones.[137] Developed by American-Israeli entrepreneur Talmon Marco, Viber reached 200 million users in May 2013.
  • Waze, a GPS-based geographical navigation application program for smartphones with GPS support and display screens, which provides turn-by-turn information and user-submitted travel times and route details, downloading location-dependent information over the mobile telephone network.[138] Waze Ltd., which was founded in 2008 in Israel by Uri Levine, software engineer Ehud Shabtai and Amir Shinar, and is now available in over 100 countries, was acquired by Google for a reported $1.1 billion.
  • WeCU (pronounced 'We See You') Technologies is a technology able to detect, identify, and analyze people in real time. WeCU is being implemented in airports around the world to help identify potential terrorists.[139][140]
  • Wix.com

Robotics

  • ReWalk a bionic walking assistance system that enables paraplegics to stand upright, walk and climb stairs.
  • Development of robotic guidance system for spine surgery by Mazor Robotics.

Defense and aviation

IMI Tavor TAR-21

Agriculture and breeding

Drip irrigation at an Israeli nursery
  • The Tomaccio cherry tomato was developed by several Israeli laboratories, the dominant ones being those led by Professor Nahum Keidar and Professor Chaim Rabinovitch from the Agriculture Faculty of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot Campus.[156][157]
  • Watergen - an Israeli company that develops products that generate high quality drinking water from air, without needing a source of water such as a well, river, stream, ocean etc.[158][159][160][161][162] Watergen products are being used worldwide,[163] including in the Gaza Strip,[164] Colombia,[165] and Native American communities.[166] Israel recently signed a deal with the UAE to license Watergen technology.[167] Watergen won the CES's Best Innovation Technology Award for its technology.[168][169][170][171]
    Rooftop solar hot-water system
  • Drip irrigation systems – The huge worldwide industry of modern drip irrigation all began when Israeli engineer Simcha Blass noticed a tree growing bigger than its neighbors in the Israeli desert, and found that it was fed by a leaking water pipe. Netafim, the company founded in 1965 to commercialize his idea, is recognized as the worldwide pioneer in smart drip- and micro-irrigation. It has revolutionized the agricultural industry.[172]
  • Hybrid cucumber seeds – In the 1950s, Prof. Esra Galun of the Weizmann Institute developed hybrid seed production of cucumbers and melons, disease-resistant cucumbers and cucumbers suitable for mechanical harvesting. Galun and his colleagues invented a technique for producing hybrid cucumber seeds without hand pollination.[173]
  • Grain cocoons – invented by international food technology consultant Professor Shlomo Navarro, the GrainPro Cocoons provide a simple and cheap way for African and Asian farmers to keep their grain market-fresh, as huge bags keep both water and air out, making sure the harvest is clean and protected even in extreme heat and humidity.[174]
  • Biological pest control – invented in Kibbutz Sde Eliyahu by a company called Bio-Bee, it breeds beneficial insects and mites for biological pest control and bumblebees for natural pollination in greenhouses and open fields. The company's top seller worldwide and especially in the U.S. is a two-millimeter-long, pear-shaped orange spider that is a highly efficient enemy of the spider mite, a devastating agricultural pest.[174]
  • AKOL – a Kibbutz-based company which gives low-income farmers the ability to get top-level information from professional sources.[174]
  • Mirtra – a Tal-Ya Water Technologies agricultural technology invention. A unique, patented polypropelyne Mitra system that covers the plant's root system, directing water and fertilizer directly to the root, while protecting the earth around the root from weeds and extreme temperatures, reducing the need to water crops by up to 50 percent. It also reduces fertilizer needs by 50% and functions as an alternative to herbicide (weed-killer).[174][175]
  • "Zero-liquid-discharge" system – an invention of the Israeli GFA company which allows fish to be raised virtually anywhere by eliminating the environmental problems in conventional fish farming, without being dependent on electricity or proximity to a body of water.[174]
  • TraitUP – a new technology that enables the introduction of genetic materials into seeds without modifying their DNA, immediately and efficiently improving plants before they're even sowed. It was developed by Hebrew University agricultural scientists Ilan Sela and Haim D. Rabinowitch.[174]
  • Judean date palm – oldest seed ever to be revived, restoring an extinct cultivar.

Energy

  • Super iron battery – A new class of a rechargeable electric battery based on a special kind of iron. More environment friendly because the super-iron eventually rusts, it was developed by Stuart Licht.[176] of the University of Massachusetts.[177]
  • The world's first gas turbine solar thermal power station, by Israeli company AORA

Consumer goods and appliances

Epilator
  • SodaStream
  • Epilator (originally "Epilady") – an feminine beauty product. It was developed and originally manufactured at Kibbutz HaGoshrim.[178][179]
  • Wonder Pot – a pot developed for baking on the stovetop rather than in an oven.[180]
  • Micronized coating instant hot water pipes developed by A.C.T.[181]

Games

Rummikub

Food and drink

Shkedei marak (croutons)
  • Ptitim, also called Israeli couscous worldwide, is a wheat-based baked pasta. It was initially invented during the austerity period in Israel when rice and semolina were scarce.
  • Safed cheese or Tzfat cheese is a semi-hard, salty cheese produced in Israel from sheep's milk. It was first produced by the Hameiri dairy in Safed in 1840 and is still produced there by descendants of the original cheese makers.
  • Jerusalem mixed grill is a grilled meat dish considered a specialty of Jerusalem. It consists of chicken hearts, spleens and livers mixed with bits of lamb cooked on a flat grill, seasoned with onion, garlic, juniper berries, black pepper, cumin, turmeric and coriander
  • Sabich is a sandwich, consisting of a pita stuffed with fried eggplant and hard-boiled eggs. Local consumption is said to have stemmed from a tradition among Iraqi Jews, who ate it on Shabbat morning.
  • Shkedei marak is an Israeli food product consisting of crisp mini croutons used as a soup accompaniment.[186]
  • Karat Caviar is a Russian Osetra caviar brand farmed in the Golan and has won several international awards. The Russian Osetra fingerlings were imported from the Caspian Sea.[187][188]
  • Bamba (snack) is a peanut butter-flavored snack food manufactured by the Osem corporation in Holon, Israel.[189] In a clinical trial published in the New England Journal of Medicine, infants exposed to Bamba had an overall 86% reduction in the development of a peanut allergy, measured at age 5.[190]
  • Bissli is an Israeli wheat snack produced by Nestle-owned Osem. Bissli is Osem's leading snack brand after Bamba.[191]

Physical exercise

Other

See also

References

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