2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin
November 4, 2014
All 8 Wisconsin seats to the United States House of Representatives
  Majority party Minority party
 
Party Republican Democratic
Last election 5 3
Seats won 5 3
Seat change Steady Steady
Popular vote 1,233,336 1,102,581
Percentage 52.36% 46.81%
Swing Increase 3.44% Decrease 3.61%

The 2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin were held on Tuesday, November 4, 2014, to elect the eight U.S. representatives from the state of Wisconsin, one from each of the state's eight congressional districts. The elections coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including an election for Governor of Wisconsin.

Overview

Results of the 2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin by district:[1]

District Republican Democratic Others Total Result
Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%
District 1182,31663.33%105,55236.66%290.01%287,897100.00%Republican Hold
District 2103,61931.54%224,92068.46%00.00%328,539100.00%Democratic Hold
District 3119,54043.46%155,36856.49%1280.05%275,036100.00%Democratic Hold
District 468,49026.91%179,04570.34%7,0022.75%254,537100.00%Democratic Hold
District 5231,16069.55%101,19030.45%00.00%332,350100.00%Republican Hold
District 6169,76756.81%122,21240.89%6,8652.30%298,844100.00%Republican Hold
District 7169,89159.29%112,94939.41%3,7211.30%286,561100.00%Republican Hold
District 8188,55365.04%101,34534.96%00.00%289,898100.00%Republican Hold
Total1,233,33652.40%1,102,58146.85%17,7450.75%2,353,662100.00%

District 1

2014 Wisconsin's 1st congressional district election
 
Nominee Paul Ryan Rob Zerban
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 182,316 105,552
Percentage 63.3% 36.6%
Precinct results
Ryan:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Zerban:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Tie:      40–50%      50%
     No votes
U.S. Representative before election

Paul Ryan
Republican

 Elected U.S. Representative

Paul Ryan
Republican

Republican incumbent Paul Ryan, who had represented the 1st district since 1999, ran for re-election. This district has a PVI of R+3.

Republican primary

Candidates

Nominee
Eliminated in primary
  • Jeremy Ryan, professional protester

Primary results

Republican primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Paul Ryan (incumbent) 40,813 94.3
Republican Jeremy Ryan 2,450 5.7
Republican Write-ins 30 0.0
Total votes 43,293 100.0

Democratic primary

Candidates

Nominee
Eliminated in primary

Primary results

Democratic primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Rob Zerban 25,627 77.6
Democratic Amar Kaleka 7,318 22.2
Democratic Write-ins 71 0.2
Total votes 33,016 100.0

General election

Campaign

In 2012 Ryan defeated Zerban in the closest election of Ryan's congressional career thus far.

Endorsements

Paul Ryan (R)
Organizations
Rob Zerban (D)
Labor unions
Organizations

Debates

Polling

Poll source Date(s)
administered		 Sample
size		 Margin of
error		 Paul
Ryan (R)		 Rob
Zerban (D)		 Undecided
New York Times/CBS News Battleground Tracker October 16–23, 2014 433 ± 7.0% 59% 35% 6%

Results

Wisconsin's 1st congressional district, 2014[12]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Paul Ryan (incumbent) 182,316 63.3
Democratic Rob Zerban 105,552 36.6
Libertarian Keith Deschler (write-in) 29 0.0
n/a Write-ins 273 0.1
Total votes 288,170 100.0
Republican hold

District 2

2014 Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district election
 
Nominee Mark Pocan Peter Theron
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 224,920 103,619
Percentage 68.4% 31.5%
Precinct results
Pocan:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Theron:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      >90%
Tie:      50%
     No votes
U.S. Representative before election

Mark Pocan
Democratic

 Elected U.S. Representative

Mark Pocan
Democratic

Democratic incumbent Mark Pocan, who had represented the 2nd district since 2013, ran for re-election. This district has a PVI of D+17.

Democratic primary

Candidates

Nominee

Primary results

Democratic primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Mark Pocan (incumbent) 52,517 99.6
Democratic Write-ins 216 0.4
Total votes 52,733 100.0

Republican primary

Candidates

Nominee
  • Peter Theron, mathematics professor[13]

Primary results

Republican primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Peter Theron 12,464 99.8
Republican Write-ins 20 0.2
Total votes 12,484 100.0

General election

Endorsements

Mark Pocan (D)
Labor unions
Organizations

Polling

Poll source Date(s)
administered		 Sample
size		 Margin of
error		 Mark
Pocan (D)		 Peter
Theron (R)		 Undecided
New York Times/CBS News Battleground Tracker October 16–23, 2014 493 ± 7.0% 66% 27% 7%

Results

Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district, 2014[12]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Mark Pocan (incumbent) 224,920 68.4
Republican Peter Theron 103,619 31.5
n/a Write-ins 308 0.1
Total votes 328,847 100.0
Democratic hold

District 3

2014 Wisconsin's 3rd congressional district election
 
Nominee Ron Kind Tony Kurtz
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 155,368 119,540
Percentage 56.5% 43.4%

Kind:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Kurtz:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      >90%
Tie:      40–50%      50%
     No votes
U.S. Representative before election

Ron Kind
Democratic

 Elected U.S. Representative

Ron Kind
Democratic

Democratic incumbent Ron Kind, who had represented the 3rd district since 1996, ran for re-election. He was re-elected with 64% of the vote in 2012 and the district has a PVI of D+5.

Democratic primary

Candidates

Nominee

Primary results

Democratic primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Ron Kind (incumbent) 28,783 99.8
Democratic Write-ins 70 0.2
Total votes 28,853 100.0

Republican primary

Candidates

Nominee
  • Tony Kurtz, businessman and veteran[18]
Eliminated in primary
  • Ken Van Doren, former building contractor
  • Karen Mueller, attorney
Withdrawn

Primary results

Republican primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Tony Kurtz 13,552 56.7
Republican Karen L. Mueller 5,630 23.5
Republican Ken Van Doren 4,704 19.7
Republican Write-ins 30 0.0
Total votes 23,903 100.0

General election

Endorsements

Ron Kind (D)
Labor unions
Organizations

Polling

Poll source Date(s)
administered		 Sample
size		 Margin of
error		 Ron
Kind (D)		 Tony
Kurtz (R)		 Undecided
New York Times/CBS News Battleground Tracker October 16–23, 2014 319 ± 9.0% 51% 34% 15%

Results

Wisconsin's 3rd congressional district, 2014[12]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Ron Kind (incumbent) 155,368 56.5
Republican Tony Kurtz 119,540 43.4
Independent Ken Van Doren (write-in) 128 0.1
n/a Write-ins 125 0.0
Total votes 275,161 100.0
Democratic hold

District 4

2014 Wisconsin's 4th congressional district election
 
Nominee Gwen Moore Dan Sebring
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 179,045 68,490
Percentage 70.2% 26.9%
Precinct results
Moore:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Sebring:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      >90%
Tie:      40–50%
     No votes
U.S. Representative before election

Gwen Moore
Democratic

 Elected U.S. Representative

Gwen Moore
Democratic

Democratic incumbent Gwen Moore, who had represented the 4th district since 2005, ran for re-election. She was re-elected with 72% of the vote in 2012 and the district has a PVI of D+23.

Democratic primary

Candidates

Nominee
Eliminated in primary

Primary results

Democratic primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Gwen Moore (incumbent) 52,413 70.9
Democratic Gary R. George 21,242 28.7
Democratic Write-ins 257 0.4
Total votes 73,912 100.0

Republican primary

Candidates

Nominee
  • Dan Sebring, automobile repair shop owner and nominee for this seat in 2010 & 2012
Eliminated in primary

Primary results

Republican primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Dan Sebring 3,386 79.7
Republican David D. King 855 20.1
Republican Write-ins 9 0.2
Total votes 4,250 100.0

General election

Endorsements

Gwen Moore (D)
Labor unions
Organizations

Polling

Poll source Date(s)
administered		 Sample
size		 Margin of
error		 Gwen
Moore (D)		 Dan
Sebring (R)		 Undecided
New York Times/CBS News Battleground Tracker October 16–23, 2014 348 ± 8.0% 63% 23% 14%

Results

Wisconsin's 4th congressional district, 2014[12]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Gwen Moore (incumbent) 179,045 70.2
Republican Dan Sebring 68,490 26.9
Independent Robert R. Raymond (write-in) 7,002 2.8
n/a Write-ins 355 0.1
Total votes 254,892 100.0
Democratic hold

District 5

2014 Wisconsin's 5th congressional district election
 
Nominee Jim Sensenbrenner Chris Rockwood
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 231,160 101,190
Percentage 69.5% 30.4%
Precinct results
Sensenbrenner:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Rockwood:      40–50%      50–60%      >90%
     No votes
U.S. Representative before election

Jim Sensenbrenner
Republican

 Elected U.S. Representative

Jim Sensenbrenner
Republican

Republican incumbent Jim Sensenbrenner, who had represented the 5thdistrict since 1978, ran for re-election. He was re-elected with 67.72% of the vote in 2012 and the district has a PVI of R+13.

Republican primary

Candidates

Nominee

Primary results

Republican primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Jim Sensenbrenner (incumbent) 43,266 99.8
Republican Write-ins 82 0.2
Total votes 43,348 100.0

Democratic primary

Candidates

Nominee

Primary results

Democratic primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Chris Rockwood 21,715 99.7
Democratic Write-ins 141 0.6
Total votes 21,856 100.0

General election

Endorsements

Jim Sensenbrenner (R)
Organizations
Chris Rockwood (D)
Labor unions
Organizations

Polling

Poll source Date(s)
administered		 Sample
size		 Margin of
error		 Jim
Sensenbrenner(R)		 Chris
Rockwood (D)		 Undecided
New York Times/CBS News Battleground Tracker October 16–23, 2014 517 ± 7.0% 59% 29% 12%

Results

Wisconsin's 5th congressional district, 2014[12]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Jim Sensenbrenner (incumbent) 231,160 69.5
Democratic Chris Rockwood 101,190 30.4
n/a Write-ins 476 0.1
Total votes 332,826 100.0
Republican hold

District 6

2014 Wisconsin's 6th congressional district election
 
Nominee Glenn Grothman Mark Harris
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 169,767 122,212
Percentage 56.8% 40.9%
Precinct results
Grothman:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Harris:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      >90%
Tie:      40–50%      50%
     No votes
U.S. Representative before election

Tom Petri
Republican

 Elected U.S. Representative

Glenn Grothman
Republican

Republican incumbent Tom Petri who had represented the 6th district since 1979, retired.[23]

Republican primary

Candidates

Nominee
Eliminated in primary
Withdrawn
  • Nancy Olson
Declined

Primary results

Republican primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Glenn Grothman 23,247 36.2
Republican Joe Leibham 23,028 35.8
Republican Duey Stroebel 15,873 24.7
Republican Tom Denow 2,117 3.3
Republican Write-ins 30 0.0
Total votes 64,295 100.0

Democratic primary

Candidates

Nominee
Withdrawn
  • Gary Wetzel
Declined

Primary results

Democratic primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Mark Harris 19,714 99.8
Democratic Write-ins 49 0.2
Total votes 19,763 100.0

The general election featured Gus Fahrendorf, of Neenah, as the nominee of the Libertarian Party.[35]

General election

Campaign

Despite winning the primary, Petri refused to endorse Grothman, going as far as saying that Democratic nominee Mark Harris had done "a fine job" as County Executive.

Grothman declined to participate in any debates during the general election and turned down all requests for interviews.[36]

Endorsements

Glenn Grothman (R)
Organizations
Mark Harris (D)
Labor unions

Polling

Poll source Date(s)
administered		 Sample
size		 Margin of
error		 Glenn
Grothman (R)		 Mark
Harris (D)		 Gus
Fahrendorf (I)		 Undecided
New York Times/CBS News Battleground Tracker October 16–23, 2014 380 ± 8.0% 49% 33% 1% 18%

Predictions

Source Ranking As of
The Cook Political Report[39] Likely R November 3, 2014
Rothenberg[40] Safe R October 24, 2014
Sabato's Crystal Ball[41] Safe R October 30, 2014
RCP Likely R November 2, 2014
Daily Kos Elections[42] Likely R November 4, 2014

Results

Wisconsin's 6th congressional district, 2014[12]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Glenn Grothman 169,767 56.8
Democratic Mark Harris 122,212 40.9
Independent Gus Fahrendorf 6,865 2.3
n/a Write-ins 189 0.0
Total votes 299,033 100.0
Republican hold

District 7

2014 Wisconsin's 7th congressional district election
 
Nominee Sean Duffy Kelly Westlund
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 169,891 112,949
Percentage 59.3% 39.4%
Precinct results
Duffy:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Westlund:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Tie:      40–50%      50%
     No votes
U.S. Representative before election

Sean Duffy
Republican

 Elected U.S. Representative

Sean Duffy
Republican

Republican incumbent Sean Duffy, who had represented the 7th district since 2011, ran for re-election.

Republican primary

Candidates

Nominee
Eliminated in primary
  • Don Raihala, real estate broker

Primary results

Republican primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Sean Duffy (incumbent) 25,707 87.6
Republican Don Raihala 3,607 12.3
Republican Write-ins 22 0.1
Total votes 29,336 100.0

Democratic primary

Candidates

Nominee
  • Kelly Westlund, Ashland businesswoman and City Council member[43]
Eliminated in primary
  • Mike Krsiean

Primary results

Democratic primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Kelly Westlund 18,631 77.9
Democratic Mike Krsiean 5,256 22.0
Democratic Write-ins 24 0.1
Total votes 23,911 100.0

General election

Endorsements

Sean Duffy (R)
Organizations
Kelly Westlund (D)
Labor unions
Organizations

Polling

Poll source Date(s)
administered		 Sample
size		 Margin of
error		 Sean
Duffy (R)		 Kelly
Westlund (D)		 Undecided
New York Times/CBS News Battleground Tracker October 16–23, 2014 464 ± 6.0% 56% 33% 10%

Results

Wisconsin's 7th congressional district, 2014[12]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Sean Duffy (incumbent) 169,891 59.3
Democratic Kelly Westlund 112,949 39.4
Independent Lawrence Dale 3,686 1.3
n/a Write-ins 77 0.0
Total votes 286,603 100.0
Republican hold

District 8

2014 Wisconsin's 8th congressional district election
 
Nominee Reid Ribble Ron Gruett
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 188,553 101,345
Percentage 65.0% 34.9%
Precinct results
Ribble:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Gruett:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      >90%
Tie:      50%
     No votes
U.S. Representative before election

Reid Ribble
Republican

 Elected U.S. Representative

Reid Ribble
Republican

Republican incumbent Reid Ribble, who had represented the 8th district since 2011, ran for re-election.

Republican primary

Candidates

Nominee

Primary results

Republican primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Reid Ribble (incumbent) 33,330 99.8
No party Scattering 85 0.2
Total votes 33,415 100.0

Democratic primary

Candidates

Nominee
  • Ron Gruett (pronounced 'grit'), professor of physics and chemistry

Primary results

Democratic primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Ron Gruett 18,030 99.8
Democratic Write-ins 34 0.2
Total votes 18,064 100.0

General election

Endorsements

Reid Ribble (R)
Organizations
Ron Gruett (D)
Labor unions
Organizations

Polling

Poll source Date(s)
administered		 Sample
size		 Margin of
error		 Reid
Ribble (R)		 Ron
Gruett (D)		 Undecided
New York Times/CBS News Battleground Tracker October 16–23, 2014 354 ± 8.0% 54% 34% 12%

Predictions

Source Ranking As of
The Cook Political Report[39] Safe R November 3, 2014
Rothenberg[40] Safe R October 24, 2014
Sabato's Crystal Ball[41] Safe R October 30, 2014
RCP Likely R November 2, 2014
Daily Kos Elections[42] Safe R November 4, 2014

Results

Wisconsin's 8th congressional district, 2014[12]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Reid Ribble (incumbent) 188,553 65.0
Democratic Ron Gruett 101,345 34.9
n/a Write-ins 150 0.1
Total votes 290,048 100.0
Republican hold

See also

References

  1. ↑ Haas, Karen L. (March 9, 2015). "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 4, 2014". Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 "Official Election Results" (PDF). G.A.B. Canvass Reporting System. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 5, 2014. Retrieved September 1, 2014.
  3. ↑ Ramde, Dinesh (October 24, 2013). "Ryan faces familiar foe in House re-election bid". Green Bay Press Gazette. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  4. ↑ Isenstadt, Alex (October 14, 2013). "Shooting victim's son to challenge Paul Ryan". Politico. Archived from the original on October 14, 2013. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 "Grades & Endorsements Wisconsin". nrapvf.org/. NRA. Archived from the original on November 4, 2014. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 "National Right to Life Endorsements in Wisconsin" (PDF). nrlpac.org/. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 25, 2015. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "2014 Candidate Endorsements". wisaflcio.typepad.com. Wisconsin State AFL-CIO. August 26, 2014. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Election 2014: Boilermakers recommend candidates". boilermakers.org. International Brotherhood of Boilermakers. Retrieved May 17, 2023.
  9. 1 2 3 "PFAW's 2014 Federal Candidate Endorsements". pfaw.org. People for the American Way. Archived from the original on October 21, 2014. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
  10. 1 2 3 "Endorsed Candidates". pdamerica.org. Progressive Democrats of America. Archived from the original on October 14, 2014. Retrieved May 17, 2023.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 "2014 November 4th, General Election". sierraclub.org/. Archived from the original on November 5, 2014. Retrieved February 15, 2023.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Wisconsin Statewide Results General Election - November 4, 2014 Official Results". Wisconsin Secretary of State. November 4, 2014. Archived from the original on January 16, 2015. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
  13. ↑ "Peter Theron for Congress". Archived from the original on August 22, 2014. Retrieved August 13, 2014.
  14. 1 2 3 "NALC Voter Guide". NALC. Archived from the original on November 3, 2014. Retrieved February 15, 2023.
  15. 1 2 3 "All Federal Candidates 2014". nowpac.org. August 19, 2014. Archived from the original on May 6, 2017. Retrieved February 15, 2023.
  16. 1 2 "Candidates". boldprogressives.org. Progressive Change Campaign Committee. Archived from the original on October 22, 2014. Retrieved May 17, 2023.
  17. 1 2 3 "2014 Endorsements". hrc.org. Human Rights Campaign. October 8, 2014. Archived from the original on November 3, 2014. Retrieved February 15, 2023.
  18. ↑ "Tony Kurtz for Congress". Retrieved August 13, 2014.
  19. ↑ "Membership". newdemocratcoalition-kind.house.gov. Archived from the original on September 19, 2014. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
  20. ↑ "Running for Congress: Convicted felon Gary George". FOX6NOW. June 3, 2014. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
  21. ↑ "Everytown Releases Endorsements". momsdemandaction.org. September 23, 2014. Retrieved February 15, 2023.
  22. ↑ "Tony Kurtz for Congress". Facebook. Retrieved August 13, 2014.
  23. ↑ "Petri won't seek re-election". Archived from the original on April 15, 2014. Retrieved April 14, 2014.
  24. ↑ Terkel, Amanda. Glenn Grothman, Ultra-Conservative Wisconsin Lawmaker, Will Run For Congress. Huffington Post, 2014-04-03.
  25. ↑ Joe Leibham, Mark Harris Enter Wide-Open Race in Wisconsin
  26. ↑ State rep. announces run for Congress
  27. 1 2 Nathan L. Gonzales (April 16, 2014). "Ratings Update: Wisconsin's 6th District". rollcall.com. Roll Call. Retrieved April 20, 2023.
  28. ↑ On Politics: Scott Fitzgerald says he won't run for Congress this year : Wsj
  29. ↑ Reports: Duey Stroebel may challenge Tom Petri in a primary for Congress
  30. ↑ Grothman will challenge Petri for Congressional seat
  31. ↑ Petri to retire from House, Leibham considering run for seat
  32. ↑ "| Action Reporter Media". fdlreporter.com. Retrieved August 8, 2014.
  33. ↑ Bridget Bowman (April 17, 2014). "Republicans Prepare for Primary Fight in Wisconsin House Race". rollcall.com. Roll Call. Archived from the original on April 18, 2014. Retrieved April 20, 2023.
  34. ↑ Kyle Maichle. "Manitowoc Mayor Justin Nickels Declines Bid for Higher Office". wisconsinelectionwatch.com. Archived from the original on May 20, 2014. Retrieved April 20, 2023.
  35. ↑ "Gus for Congress". gus for congress/. Gus for Congress. Archived from the original on July 20, 2014. Retrieved July 15, 2014.
  36. ↑ "U.S. Rep. Tom Petri won't endorse Grothman". fdlreporter.com. October 23, 2014. Retrieved October 23, 2014.
  37. ↑ "2014 Candidates Endorsed By Eagle Forum PAC". eagleforum.org. October 10, 2024. Archived from the original on October 13, 2014. Retrieved February 15, 2023.
  38. ↑ "Young Gun candidates". gopyoungguns.com. Archived from the original on November 4, 2014. Retrieved February 15, 2023.
  39. 1 2 "2014 House Race Ratings for November 3, 2014". House: Race Ratings. Cook Political Report. Retrieved November 3, 2014.
  40. 1 2 "2014 House Ratings (October 24, 2014)". House Ratings. The Rothenberg Political Report. Retrieved October 24, 2014.
  41. 1 2 "2014 House". Sabato's Crystal Ball. April 10, 2014. Retrieved April 11, 2014.
  42. 1 2 "Daily Kos Elections House race ratings: Initial ratings for 2014". Daily Kos Elections. Retrieved November 4, 2014.
  43. ↑ Cahn, Emily (December 9, 2013). "Democratic Official Challenges Sean Duffy in Wisconsin". Roll Call. Retrieved December 9, 2013.
  44. ↑ "FEDERAL CANDIDATES". emilyslist.org. Archived from the original on September 30, 2014. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
  45. ↑ "National Federation of Independent Business". justfacts.votesmart.org. Retrieved February 15, 2023.
  46. ↑ Allie Wright (October 28, 2014). "No Labels Urges Voters To Support Problem Solvers On November 4Th". nolabels.org. Archived from the original on April 5, 2015. Retrieved February 15, 2023.
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