Kibi clan
Home provinceKibi Province

The Kibi clan was a Japanese clan[1] centered in Okayama Prefecture[2][3][4] descended from Wakatakehiko the son of Emperor Kōrei.

Kibi no Makibi, the founder of Hiromine Shrine was a famous member.[5]

They had navigational authority over the Seto Inland Sea.[4]

They had a prominent Iron manufacturing apparatus.[6]

They alternatively may descend from Kibitsuhiko-no-mikoto who roughly ruled Okayama Prefecture.[7][8]

Kibidera in Sakurai is the clan temple of the clan.[9]

Association with Kibitsu Shrine

The Kibitsu Shrine's rites are closely to the clan. The shrine's gods are the Kibi clan's ancestors who have become gods. These ancestors protect the Kibi area.[10]: 239 

The shrine started as a place for the Kibi clan. It has the clan's ancestors as gods. This gives the shrine a pure and protective feel. The ancestors are seen as good and helpful spirits. This is how the shrine connects with mizuko. Mizuko means the souls of babies who died early or were not born.[10]: 239 

The shrine places the mizuko shrine next to the ancestor shrine. It also uses running water. This setup has several meanings:[10]: 239 

  1. The water purifies the souls of mizuko. Mizuko is linked to water.[10]: 239 
  2. Being near the ancestor shrine suggests these souls become kind and protective spirits.[10]: 239 
  3. As protective spirits, the mizuko guard those who remember them.[10]: 239 

This way, the Kibitsu Shrine uses its ties to the Kibi clan. It creates a respectful place for mizuko. It links them to the shrine's ancestral and protective gods.[10]: 239 

Harima Fudoki

The story of Emperor Keikō and Inami-no-Wakiiratsume in the Harima Fudoki shows the relationship between the Kibi clan and the Yamato Kingship. It suggests that the Inami area was once a border between the Yamato and Kibi regions.[11]

Inami-no-Wakiiratsume, a woman from Inami, is mentioned in several ancient texts. She is thought to be the younger sister of Oiratsume from the "Kojiki,". She might have been a queen in Harima.[11]

The Harima Fudoki does not mention Otarashihiko/Keiko as an emperor. Instead, Otarashihiko might have been a local leader in the Inami district of the Harima coast.[11]

Kibi clan rebellion

The Kibi Clan Rebellion (吉備氏の乱, kibishi no ran) from 463 was a revolt against the Yamato state on the Korean peninsula, involving two brothers from the Kibi clan: Tasa and Oto. .[12][13][14][15]

The revolt was triggered when Tasa learned that the Japanese Emperor Yūryaku had moved him to the Japanese post at Mimana on the Korean Peninsula in order to seize his beautiful wife. The incident falls into Japan's proto-historic period and is recounted in the Nihon Shoki.[12][13][14][15]

Decline

In 713, at the suggestion of Bizen-no-kami Nanten - and Bizen-no-suke Kamitsukeno-no-Kenji the Eita, Katsuta, Tomata, Kume, Mashima, and Oba districts of Bizen Province were separated into a new province, and, and Kamitsukeno-no-Kenji was appointed as the first governor of Mimasaka Province. This separation was the final stage of the disintegration of the former Kingdom of Kibi, and was intended to further weaken the Kibi clan by putting its iron resources directly under the control of the Yamato government.[16]

The Kibi clan features in Age of Empires as an enemy faction alongside the Izumo clan.[17]

Genealogy

Genealogy of early Japanese emperors and empresses
Nunakawahime[18] Ōkuninushi[19][20]: 278 
(Ōnamuchi)[21]		Kamotaketsunumi no Mikoto[22]
Kotoshironushi[23][24] Tamakushi-hime[22] Takeminakata[25][26] Susa Clan[27]
1 Jimmu[28]1Himetataraisuzu-hime[28]Kamo no Okimi[23][29]Mirahime
2 Suizei[30][31][32][33][34][35] 2Isuzuyori-hime[33][34][35][29][36]Kamuyaimimi[30][31][32]
3 Annei[37][23][33][34][35]〔Ō clan[38][39]〕〔Aso clan[40]〕3 Nunasokonakatsu-hime[41][23]Kamo clan
TakakurajiMiwa clan
4 Itoku[37][23]Ikisomimi no mikoto[37]Ame no Murakumo
4Amatoyotsuhime no Mikoto[37]Amaoshio no mikoto
5 Emperor Kōshō[37][23][42]5Yosotarashi-hime[23]Okitsu Yoso
6 Emperor Kōan[23]Prince Ameoshitarashi[42]Owari clan
6Oshihime[23][42]〔Wani clan〕[43]
7 Emperor Kōrei[44][23][42][45] 7Kuwashi-hime[45]
8 Emperor Kōgen[46][45]8Utsushikome[46]Princess Yamato Totohi Momoso[44]Kibitsuhiko-no-mikoto[47]Wakatakehiko
9Ikagashikome[lower-alpha 1] [49][50]
Hikofutsuoshi no Makoto no Mikoto[50]9 Emperor Kaika[46]Prince Ohiko[51]〔Kibi clan〕
Yanushi Otake Ogokoro no Mikoto[50]10 Emperor Sujin[52][53]10Mimaki-hime[54]〔Abe clan〕[51]
Takenouchi no Sukune[50]11 Emperor Suinin[55][56]11Saho-hime[57]12Hibasu-hime[58]Yasaka Iribiko[59][60][61]Toyosukiiri-hime[62]Nunaki-iri-hime[44]
Yamatohime-no-mikoto[63]
〔Katsuragi clan〕13Harima no Inabi no Ōiratsume12 Emperor Keiko[56][58]14Yasakairi-hime[59][60][61]
Otoyo no mikoto
Futaji Irihime[64]Yamato Takeru[65][66]Miyazu-himeTakeinadane Ioki Iribiko13Emperor Seimu[65][66]
14Emperor Chūai[65][66] [67]15Empress Jingū[68] Homuda
Mawaka
15Emperor Ōjin[68]16Nakatsuhime[69][70][71]
16Emperor Nintoku[72]

See also

Notes

    1. ↑ There are two ways this name is transcribed: "Ika-gashiko-me" is used by Tsutomu Ujiya, while "Ika-shiko-me" is used by William George Aston.[48]

    References

    1. ↑ https://www.city.okayama.jp/shisei/cmsfiles/contents/0000012/12189/000196899.pdf
    2. ↑ Korean Social Science Journal. Korean Social Science Research Council. 1983.
    3. ↑ Social Science Journal. Korean National Commission for Unesco. 1983.
    4. 1 2 Japan Quarterly. Asahi Shinbun. 1979.
    5. ↑ 電子図書館担当 (2022-01-14). "The Ancient Documents of Hiromine Shrine | Kobe University Library - デジタルアーカイブ". Retrieved 2023-11-04.
    6. ↑ The East. East Publications. 1982.
    7. ↑ Plutschow, Herbert E. (1995). Japan's Name Culture: The Significance of Names in a Religious, Political and Social Context. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-1-873410-42-4.
    8. ↑ Plutschow, Herbert (2013-11-05). Matsuri: The Festivals of Japan: With a Selection from P.G. O'Neill's Photographic Archive of Matsuri. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-24705-9.
    9. ↑ McCallum, Donald F. (2008-11-30). The Four Great Temples: Buddhist Archaeology, Architecture, and Icons of Seventh-Century Japan. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-6473-6.
    10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hardacre, Helen (2023-09-01). Marketing the Menacing Fetus in Japan. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-92204-4.
    11. 1 2 3 Palmer, Edwina (2015-11-09). Harima Fudoki: A Record of Ancient Japan Reinterpreted, Translated, Annotated, and with Commentary. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-26937-8.
    12. 1 2 Brinkley 1915, p. 114
    13. 1 2 Aston, William G. (1896). Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697.
    14. 1 2 Brinkley 1915, p. 112.
    15. 1 2 Kamstra, Jacques H. (1967). Encounter Or Syncretism: The Initial Growth of Japanese Buddhism. Brill Archive. p. 255.
    16. ↑ "Nationwide List of Ichinomiya," p. 3 Archived 2013-05-17 at the Wayback Machine; retrieved 2012-11-20.
    17. ↑ Russell, Lawrence T. (1997). Age of Empires: Unauthorized Game Secrets. Prima Pub. ISBN 978-0-7615-1053-6.
    18. ↑ Philippi, Donald L. (2015). Kojiki. Princeton University Press. pp. 104–112.
    19. ↑ Atsushi, Kadoya; Tatsuya, Yumiyama (20 October 2005). "Ōkuninushi". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
    20. ↑ Herbert, J. (2010). Shinto: At the Fountainhead of Japan. Routledge Library Editions: Japan. Taylor & Francis. p. 402. ISBN 978-1-136-90376-2. Retrieved 2020-11-21.
    21. ↑ Atsushi, Kadoya (21 April 2005). "Ōnamuchi". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
    22. 1 2 The Emperor's Clans: The Way of the Descendants, Aogaki Publishing, 2018.
    23. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns. Columbia University Press. p. 89. ISBN 9780231049405.
    24. ↑ Atsushi, Kadoya (28 April 2005). "Kotoshironushi". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
    25. ↑ Sendai Kuji Hongi, Book 4 (先代舊事本紀 巻第四), in Keizai Zasshisha, ed. (1898). Kokushi-taikei, vol. 7 (国史大系 第7巻). Keizai Zasshisha. pp. 243–244.
    26. ↑ Chamberlain (1882). Section XXIV.—The Wooing of the Deity-of-Eight-Thousand-Spears.
    27. ↑ Tanigawa Ken'ichi 『日本の神々 神社と聖地 7 山陰』（新装復刊） 2000年 白水社 ISBN 978-4-560-02507-9
    28. 1 2 Kazuhiko, Nishioka (26 April 2005). "Isukeyorihime". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Archived from the original on 2023-03-21. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
    29. 1 2 『神話の中のヒメたち　もうひとつの古事記』p94-97「初代皇后は「神の御子」」
    30. 1 2 日本人名大辞典+Plus, デジタル版. "日子八井命とは". コトバンク (in Japanese). Retrieved 2022-06-01.
    31. 1 2 ANDASSOVA, Maral (2019). "Emperor Jinmu in the Kojiki". Japan Review (32): 5–16. ISSN 0915-0986. JSTOR 26652947.
    32. 1 2 "Visit Kusakabeyoshimi Shrine on your trip to Takamori-machi or Japan". trips.klarna.com. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
    33. 1 2 3 Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. p. 32. ISBN 9780674017535.
    34. 1 2 3 Ponsonby-Fane, Richard (1959). The Imperial House of Japan. Ponsonby Memorial Society. p. 29 & 418.
    35. 1 2 3 Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida (1979). A Translation and Study of the Gukanshō, an Interpretative History of Japan Written in 1219. University of California Press. p. 251. ISBN 9780520034600.
    36. ↑ 『図説　歴代天皇紀』p42-43「綏靖天皇」
    37. 1 2 3 4 5 Anston, p. 144 (Vol. 1)
    38. ↑ Grapard, Allan G. (2023-04-28). The Protocol of the Gods: A Study of the Kasuga Cult in Japanese History. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-91036-2.
    39. ↑ Tenri Journal of Religion. Tenri University Press. 1968.
    40. ↑ Takano, Tomoaki; Uchimura, Hiroaki (2006). History and Festivals of the Aso Shrine. Aso Shrine, Ichinomiya, Aso City.: Aso Shrine.
    41. ↑ Anston, p. 143 (Vol. 1)
    42. 1 2 3 4 Anston, p. 144 (Vol. 1)
    43. ↑ Watase, Masatada [in Japanese] (1983). "Kakinomoto no Hitomaro". Nihon Koten Bungaku Daijiten 日本古典文学大辞典 (in Japanese). Vol. 1. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten. pp. 586–588. OCLC 11917421.
    44. 1 2 3 Aston, William George. (1896). Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697, Volume 2. The Japan Society London. pp. 150–164. ISBN 9780524053478.
    45. 1 2 3 "Kuwashi Hime • . A History . . of Japan . 日本歴史". . A History . . of Japan . 日本歴史. Retrieved 2023-11-17.
    46. 1 2 3 Anston, p. 149 (Vol. 1)
    47. ↑ Louis-Frédéric, "Kibitsu-hiko no Mikoto" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 513.
    48. ↑ Ujiya, Tsutomu (1988). Nihon shoki. Grove Press. p. 121. ISBN 978-0-8021-5058-5.
    49. ↑ Aston, William George. (1896). Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697, Volume 2. The Japan Society London. p. 109 & 149–150. ISBN 9780524053478.
    50. 1 2 3 4 Shimazu Norifumi (March 15, 2006). "Takeshiuchi no Sukune". eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp. Retrieved May 16, 2019.
    51. 1 2 Asakawa, Kan'ichi (1903). The Early Institutional Life of Japan. Tokyo Shueisha. p. 140. ISBN 9780722225394.
    52. ↑ Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida (1979). A Translation and Study of the Gukanshō, an Interpretative History of Japan Written in 1219. University of California Press. p. 248 & 253. ISBN 9780520034600.
    53. ↑ Henshall, Kenneth (2013-11-07). Historical Dictionary of Japan to 1945. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7872-3.
    54. ↑ "Mimakihime • . A History . . of Japan . 日本歴史". . A History . . of Japan . 日本歴史. Retrieved 2023-11-18.
    55. ↑ Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida (1979). A Translation and Study of the Gukanshō, an Interpretative History of Japan Written in 1219. University of California Press. p. 248 & 253–254. ISBN 9780520034600.
    56. 1 2 Henshall, Kenneth (2013-11-07). Historical Dictionary of Japan to 1945. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7872-3.
    57. ↑ "Sahobime • . A History . . of Japan . 日本歴史". . A History . . of Japan . 日本歴史. Retrieved 2023-11-18.
    58. 1 2 Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko (the Oriental Library), Issues 32-34. Toyo Bunko. 1974. p. 63. Retrieved July 30, 2019.
    59. 1 2 "Yasakairihime • . A History . . of Japan . 日本歴史". . A History . . of Japan . 日本歴史. Retrieved 2023-11-28.
    60. 1 2 Kenneth Henshall (2013). Historical Dictionary of Japan to 1945. Scarecrow Press. p. 487. ISBN 9780810878723.
    61. 1 2 Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko (the Oriental Library), Issues 32-34. Toyo Bunko. 1974. pp. 63–64. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
    62. ↑ "Saigū | 國學院大學デジタルミュージアム". web.archive.org. 2022-05-22. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
    63. ↑ Brown Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō, p. 253; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki, pp. 95-96; Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 10.
    64. ↑ Kidder, Jonathan E. (2007). Himiko and Japan's Elusive Chiefdom of Yamatai: Archaeology, History, and Mythology. University of Hawaii Press. p. 344. ISBN 9780824830359.
    65. 1 2 3 Packard, Jerrold M. (2000). Sons of Heaven: A Portrait of the Japanese Monarchy. FireWord Publishing, Incorporated. p. 45. ISBN 9781930782013.
    66. 1 2 3 Xinzhong, Yao (2003). Confucianism O - Z. Taylor & Francis US. p. 467. ISBN 9780415306539.
    67. ↑ Aston, William George. (1998). Nihongi, p. 254–271.
    68. 1 2 Aston, William. (1998). Nihongi, Vol. 1, pp. 224–253.
    69. ↑ 文也 (2019-05-26). "仲姫命とはどんな人？". 歴史好きブログ (in Japanese). Retrieved 2023-01-19.
    70. ↑ 日本人名大辞典+Plus, 朝日日本歴史人物事典,デジタル版. "仲姫命(なかつひめのみこと)とは？ 意味や使い方". コトバンク (in Japanese). Retrieved 2023-01-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
    71. ↑ "Nunasoko Nakatsuhime • . A History . . of Japan . 日本歴史". . A History . . of Japan . 日本歴史. Retrieved 2023-11-18.
    72. ↑ Aston, William. (1998). Nihongi, Vol. 1, pp. 254–271.

    Bibliography

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