Kildare
Former Dáil constituency
Former constituency
Created1923
Abolished1937
Seats3
Local government areaCounty Kildare
Created fromKildare–Wicklow
Replaced byCarlow–Kildare
Kildare
Former Dáil constituency
Former constituency
Created1948
Abolished1997
Seats
  • 3 (1948–1961)
  • 4 (1961–1969)
  • 3 (1969–1981)
  • 5 (1981–1997)
Local government areaCounty Kildare
Created fromCarlow–Kildare
Replaced by

Kildare was a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas from 1923 to 1937 and from 1948 to 1997. The method of election was proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).

History and boundaries

Covering all or part of County Kildare, the constituency existed for two distinct periods: from 1923 to 1937, and from 1948 to 1997. From 1923 to 1937 Kildare elected 3 deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs),[1] until it was absorbed into a new Carlow–Kildare constituency in 1937. After its re-establishment in 1948 it initially elected 3 TDs.[2] This was increased to 4 seats in 1961, reduced again to 3 in 1969, and increased to 5 from 1981 until its abolition in 1997. Its boundaries were significantly revised on several occasions.

The constituency was abolished for the 1997 general election, when it was replaced by two new constituencies: Kildare North and Kildare South.

TDs

TDs 1923–1937

Teachtaí Dála (TDs) for Kildare 19231937[3]
Key to parties
DáilElectionDeputy
(Party)
Deputy
(Party)
Deputy
(Party)
4th1923[4] Hugh Colohan
(Lab)
John Conlan
(FP)
George Wolfe
(CnaG)
5th1927 (Jun)[5] Domhnall Ua Buachalla
(FF)
6th1927 (Sep)[6]
1931 by-election[7] Thomas Harris
(FF)
7th1932[8] William Norton
(Lab)
Sydney Minch
(CnaG)
8th1933[9]
9th1937 Constituency abolished. See Carlow–Kildare

Note: The columns in this table are used only for presentational purposes, and no significance should be attached to the order of columns. For details of the order in which seats were won at each election, see the detailed results of that election.

TDs 1948–1997

Teachtaí Dála (TDs) for Kildare 19481997[3]
Key to parties
DáilElectionDeputy
(Party)
Deputy
(Party)
Deputy
(Party)
Deputy
(Party)
Deputy
(Party)
13th1948[10] William Norton
(Lab)
Thomas Harris
(FF)
Gerard Sweetman
(FG)
3 seats
until 1961
3 seats
until 1961
14th1951[11]
15th1954[12]
16th1957[13] Patrick Dooley
(FF)
17th1961[14] Brendan Crinion
(FF)
4 seats
1961–1969
1964 by-election[15] Terence Boylan
(FF)
18th1965[16] Patrick Norton
(Lab)
19th1969[17] Paddy Power
(FF)
3 seats
1969–1981
3 seats
1969–1981
1970 by-election[18] Patrick Malone
(FG)
20th1973[19] Joseph Bermingham
(Lab)
21st1977[20] Charlie McCreevy
(FF)
22nd1981[21] Bernard Durkan
(FG)
Alan Dukes
(FG)
23rd1982 (Feb)[22] Gerry Brady
(FF)
24th1982 (Nov)[23] Bernard Durkan
(FG)
25th1987[24] Emmet Stagg
(Lab)
26th1989[25] Seán Power
(FF)
27th1992[26]
28th1997 Constituency abolished. See Kildare North and Kildare South

Note: The columns in this table are used only for presentational purposes, and no significance should be attached to the order of columns. For details of the order in which seats were won at each election, see the detailed results of that election.

Elections

1992 general election

1992 general election: Kildare[27]
PartyCandidateFPv%Count
123456789101112
Labour Emmet Stagg 21.1 10,656                      
Fianna Fáil Charlie McCreevy 20.3 10,208                      
Fine Gael Alan Dukes 13.3 6,705 6,877 6,966 6,981 7,026 7,139 7,311 7,512 7,749 8,132 10,144  
Fine Gael Bernard Durkan 9.1 4,604 4,736 4,809 4,814 4,822 4,928 4,974 5,075 5,288 5,356 6,078 7,413
Fianna Fáil Seán Power 7.6 3,809 3,899 4,829 4,833 4,918 5,030 5,162 5,285 5,434 8,036 8,527  
Progressive Democrats John Dardis 7.0 3,529 3,590 3,644 3,653 3,669 3,768 3,873 4,031 4,195 4,321    
Labour Jack Wall 5.7 2,859 4,359 4,397 4,412 4,733 4,825 4,965 5,272 6,131 6,343 6,887 7,094
Fianna Fáil Seán Ó Fearghaíl 5.7 2,858 2,895 3,411 3,420 3,481 3,518 3,613 3,707 3,780      
Democratic Left Catherine Murphy 3.2 1,613 1,732 1,762 1,770 1,790 1,833 1,856 2,018        
Green Seán English 2.1 1,064 1,112 1,133 1,167 1,219 1,337 1,454          
Independent Nick Hegarty 1.7 853 882 899 939 951 1,005            
Independent Patsy Lawlor 1.5 745 784 812 830 858              
Sinn Féin Paddy Wright 1.4 719 741 749 752                
Independent Liz Garrett 0.4 177 184 188                  
Electorate: 78,069   Valid: 50,399   Spoilt: 746 (1.5%)   Quota: 8,400   Turnout: 51,145 (65.5%)  

    1989 general election

    1989 general election: Kildare[28]
    PartyCandidateFPv%Count
    123456789
    Fine Gael Alan Dukes 18.0 9,182                
    Fianna Fáil Charlie McCreevy 17.6 8,977                
    Labour Emmet Stagg 17.2 8,767                
    Fine Gael Bernard Durkan 13.1 6,676 7,236 7,261 7,328 7,659 8,107 9,704    
    Fianna Fáil Seán Power 11.6 5,918 5,942 6,183 6,221 6,401 6,559 6,791 6,977 7,670
    Fianna Fáil Seán Ó Fearghaíl 7.1 3,603 3,621 3,816 3,833 3,970 4,085 4,187 4,387 5,256
    Independent Carol Tiernan 5.3 2,690 2,702 2,706 2,725 2,911 3,418 3,588 3,957  
    Progressive Democrats Timmy Conway 4.2 2,126 2,179 2,190 2,214 2,416 2,589      
    Workers' Party Catherine Murphy 3.0 1,520 1,531 1,539 1,632 1,936        
    Green Seán English 2.9 1,462 1,479 1,485 1,507          
    Electorate: 78,724   Valid: 50,921   Quota: 8,487  

      1987 general election

      1987 general election: Kildare[24][29][30]
      PartyCandidateFPv%Count
      12345678
      Fianna Fáil Paddy Power 14.2 7,649 7,694 7,957 8,899 8,987      
      Labour Emmet Stagg 14.1 7,567 8,295 8,768 8,888 9,004      
      Fine Gael Alan Dukes 13.9 7,453 7,490 7,584 7,669 8,054 10,137    
      Fine Gael Bernard Durkan 12.4 6,671 6,763 6,795 6,816 6,953 8,561 9,665  
      Fianna Fáil Gerry Brady 11.7 6,297 6,370 6,469 7,178 7,211 7,649 7,688 7,864
      Fianna Fáil Charlie McCreevy 11.7 6,292 6,357 6,504 7,280 7,387 7,972 8,015 8,265
      Progressive Democrats Eoin McBennett 6.3 3,407 3,458 3,505 3,537 5,713      
      Progressive Democrats Frank Masterson 5.4 2,913 2,959 3,050 3,112        
      Fianna Fáil Seán Ó Fearghaíl 5.0 2,675 2,696 2,798          
      Sinn Féin Patrick Wright 2.6 1,420 1,528            
      Workers' Party Colm Purcell 2.3 1,238              
      Independent Frederick Leavy 0.2 123              
      Electorate: 74,340   Valid: 53,705   Quota: 8,951   Turnout: 72.2%  

        November 1982 general election

        November 1982 general election: Kildare[23][31][32]
        PartyCandidateFPv%Count
        1234
        Fine Gael Bernard Durkan 19.8 9,594      
        Fianna Fáil Charlie McCreevy 17.8 8,589      
        Fine Gael Alan Dukes 16.7 8,057 9,428    
        Fianna Fáil Paddy Power 16.5 7,969 7,987 8,186  
        Labour Joseph Bermingham 15.2 7,366 7,447 7,514 8,602
        Fianna Fáil Gerry Brady 9.6 4,637 4,692 4,882 4,963
        Fianna Fáil Paddy Aspell 4.0 1,929 1,935 2,002 2,020
        Independent Seán Thompson 0.3 149 150 153 165
        Independent Michael McManus 0.1 69 71 74 94
        Electorate: 67,830   Valid: 48,359   Quota: 8,060   Turnout: 71.3%  

          February 1982 general election

          February 1982 general election: Kildare[22][33]
          PartyCandidateFPv%Count
          1234
          Fianna Fáil Charlie McCreevy 24.7 11,497      
          Fine Gael Alan Dukes 19.1 8,881      
          Labour Joseph Bermingham 16.1 7,491 7,750    
          Fianna Fáil Paddy Power 13.2 6,145 7,841    
          Fianna Fáil Gerry Brady 10.9 5,063 6,270 6,286 7,664
          Fine Gael Bernard Durkan 9.1 4,245 4,393 5,224 5,253
          Fine Gael Patsy Lawlor 3.8 1,768 1,879 2,158 2,235
          Fianna Fáil Leonore O'Rourke-Glynn 3.0 1,374 1,705 1,715  
          Electorate: 63,834   Valid: 46,464   Quota: 7,745   Turnout: 72.8%  

            1981 general election

            1981 general election: Kildare[21][34]
            PartyCandidateFPv%Count
            123456789
            Fianna Fáil Paddy Power 20.8 9,768                
            Fianna Fáil Charlie McCreevy 15.0 7,053 8,052              
            Labour Joseph Bermingham 12.3 5,803 5,899 6,022 6,030 7,936        
            Fine Gael Bernard Durkan 11.9 5,612 5,640 5,693 5,695 6,132 6,190 6,233 8,488  
            Fine Gael Alan Dukes 10.1 4,762 4,785 4,837 4,838 4,915 5,009 5,024 7,063 7,685
            Fine Gael Patsy Lawlor 9.5 4,469 4,524 4,580 4,586 4,763 4,943 4,964    
            Fianna Fáil Gerry Brady 7.6 3,584 3,780 3,914 4,004 4,200 6,404 6,417 6,637 6,659
            Labour Emmet Stagg 6.0 2,832 2,867 2,972 2,975          
            Fianna Fáil Martin Miley 5.3 2,479 2,960 3,046 3,144 3,229        
            Independent Evelyn Bracken 1.5 698 709              
            Electorate: 63,834   Valid: 47,060   Quota: 7,844   Turnout: 73.7%  

              1977 general election

              1977 general election: Kildare[20][35]
              PartyCandidateFPv%Count
              12345
              Fianna Fáil Paddy Power 35.1 11,621        
              Labour Joseph Bermingham 21.4 7,070 7,289 7,445 7,951 8,268
              Fianna Fáil Charlie McCreevy 14.0 4,624 5,841 5,854 5,930 10,413
              Fine Gael Patrick Malone 11.7 3,858 3,927 4,198 5,742 5,833
              Fianna Fáil Martin Miley 9.7 3,223 5,007 5,038 5,102  
              Fine Gael Patrick Hyland 5.1 1,696 1,730 2,267    
              Fine Gael Philip Hennessy 3.1 1,025 1,043      
              Electorate: 44,088   Valid: 33,117   Spoilt: 268 (0.8%)   Quota: 8,280   Turnout: 33,385 (75.7%)  

                1973 general election

                1973 general election: Kildare[19]
                Party Candidate 1st Pref  % Seat Count
                Fianna Fáil Paddy Power 8,894 29.3 1 1
                Labour Joseph Bermingham 6,791 22.4 3
                Fine Gael Patrick Malone 6,581 21.7 2
                Fianna Fáil Terence Boylan 4,898 16.2
                Fine Gael James McEvoy 1,716 5.7
                Fianna Fáil Patrick Dooley 1,441 4.8
                Electorate: ?   Valid: 30,321   Quota: 7,581   Turnout:

                1970 by-election

                Following the death of Fine Gael TD Gerard Sweetman, a by-election was held on 14 April 1970. The seat was won by the Fine Gael candidate Patrick Malone.

                1970 by-election: Kildare[36]
                PartyCandidateFPv%Count
                12
                Fianna Fáil Eamon Kane 41.3 10,754 12,061
                Fine Gael Patrick Malone 35.9 9,335 13,169
                Labour Joseph Bermingham 22.8 5,923  
                Electorate: 36,284   Valid: 26,012   Quota: 13,007   Turnout: 71.69%  

                  1969 general election

                  1969 general election: Kildare[17]
                  Party Candidate 1st Pref  % Seat Count
                  Fianna Fáil Terence Boylan 6,903 24.9 1 1
                  Fine Gael Gerard Sweetman 6,323 22.8 2
                  Fianna Fáil Paddy Power 3,327 12.0 3
                  Labour Joseph Bermingham 2,711 9.8
                  Fianna Fáil Patrick Norton 1,806 6.5
                  Labour Michael Brady 1,732 6.3
                  Fine Gael Michael McWey 1,709 6.2
                  Fine Gael Anne Moore 1,694 6.1
                  Independent Michael St Leger 1,496 5.4
                  Electorate: ?   Valid: 27,701   Quota: 6,926   Turnout:

                  1965 general election

                  1965 general election: Kildare[16]
                  Party Candidate 1st Pref  % Seat Count
                  Fianna Fáil Brendan Crinion 7,129 21.0 1 1
                  Labour Patrick Norton 7,087 20.9 2 1
                  Fine Gael Gerard Sweetman 6,797 20.0 3 1
                  Fianna Fáil Terence Boylan 5,156 15.2 4
                  Fianna Fáil Patrick Dooley 4,269 12.6
                  Fine Gael Matthew O'Connor 1,915 5.7
                  Fine Gael Charles Chambers 1,559 4.6
                  Electorate: ?   Valid: 33,912   Quota: 6,783   Turnout:

                  1964 by-election

                  Following the death of Labour Party TD William Norton, a by-election was held on 19 February 1964. The seat was won by the Fianna Fáil candidate Terence Boylan.

                  1964 by-election: Kildare[36]
                  PartyCandidateFPv%Count
                  12
                  Fianna Fáil Terence Boylan 43.5 13,905 15,973
                  Fine Gael Patrick Malone 30.8 9,825 14,254
                  Labour Patrick Norton 25.7 8,214  
                  Electorate: 43,779   Valid: 31,944   Quota: 15,973   Turnout: 72.97%  

                    1961 general election

                    1961 general election: Kildare[14]
                    Party Candidate 1st Pref  % Seat Count
                    Labour William Norton 8,015 25.4 1 1
                    Fine Gael Gerard Sweetman 7,035 22.3 2 1
                    Fianna Fáil Patrick Dooley 5,865 18.6 3
                    Fianna Fáil Brendan Crinion 3,908 12.4 4
                    Fianna Fáil Terence Groome 3,033 9.6
                    Fine Gael John Keegan 1,913 6.1
                    Fine Gael Charles Chambers 1,827 5.8
                    Electorate: ?   Valid: 31,596   Quota: 6,320   Turnout:

                    1957 general election

                    1957 general election: Kildare[13][36]
                    PartyCandidateFPv%Count
                    12
                    Labour William Norton 26.5 7,038  
                    Fianna Fáil Patrick Dooley 25.8 6,860  
                    Fine Gael Gerard Sweetman 23.9 6,339 6,665
                    Fianna Fáil Thomas Harris 23.8 6,311 6,385
                    Electorate: 37,422   Valid: 26,548   Quota: 6,638   Turnout: 70.9%  

                      1954 general election

                      1954 general election: Kildare[12][36]
                      PartyCandidateFPv%Count
                      12
                      Labour William Norton 30.4 8,501  
                      Fine Gael Gerard Sweetman 28.7 8,030  
                      Fianna Fáil Thomas Harris 23.7 6,620 7,430
                      Fianna Fáil Patrick Dooley 17.2 4,791 5,496
                      Electorate: 38,011   Valid: 27,942   Quota: 6,986   Turnout: 73.5%  

                        1951 general election

                        1951 general election: Kildare[36]
                        PartyCandidateFPv%Count
                        123
                        Fianna Fáil Thomas Harris 30.4 8,348    
                        Labour William Norton 30.1 8,279    
                        Fine Gael Gerard Sweetman 24.6 6,759 6,826 7,907
                        Fianna Fáil Michael Nolan 14.5 3,987 5,340 5,448
                        Independent Peter Keane 0.4 120 174 390
                        Electorate: 38,147   Valid: 27,493   Quota: 6,874   Turnout: 72.07%  

                          1948 general election

                          1948 general election: Kildare[36]
                          PartyCandidateFPv%Count
                          123456
                          Fianna Fáil Thomas Harris 29.6 7,792          
                          Labour William Norton 26.3 6,939          
                          Fine Gael Gerard Sweetman 19.1 5,022 5,080 5,155 5,582 5,638 6,068
                          Clann na Poblachta Daniel T. Boland 10.7 2,821 2,868 3,025 3,067 3,696 4,237
                          Fianna Fáil Michael G. Nolan 9.3 2,452 3,517 3,577 3,627 3,666  
                          Clann na Poblachta Paudge Brennan 3.0 779 799 846 856    
                          Fine Gael Michael Cunningham 2.1 548 561 572      
                          Electorate: 37,737   Valid: 26,353   Quota: 6,589   Turnout: 69.83%  

                            1933 general election

                            1933 general election: Kildare[9][37]
                            PartyCandidateFPv%Count
                            123
                            Fianna Fáil Thomas Harris 29.5 7,799    
                            Cumann na nGaedheal Sydney Minch 23.8 6,304 6,330 6,532
                            Labour William Norton 20.0 5,292 5,517 8,487
                            National Centre Party Frederick B. Barton 16.7 4,408 4,417 4,494
                            Fianna Fáil Brigid Darby 10.0 2,636 3,565  
                            Electorate: 33,782   Valid: 26,439   Quota: 6,610   Turnout: 78.3%  

                              1932 general election

                              1932 general election: Kildare[8][37]
                              PartyCandidateFPv%Count
                              123
                              Fianna Fáil Thomas Harris 26.9 6,510    
                              Labour William Norton 22.7 5,496 5,527 5,875
                              Cumann na nGaedheal Sydney Minch 19.2 4,653 4,665 7,777
                              Fianna Fáil Domhnall Ua Buachalla 15.7 3,802 4,211 4,313
                              Cumann na nGaedheal Michael Fitzsimons 15.4 3,735 3,743  
                              Electorate: 33,595   Valid: 24,196   Quota: 6,050   Turnout: 72.0%  

                                1931 by-election

                                Following the death of Labour Party TD Hugh Colohan, a by-election was held on 29 June 1931. The seat was won by the Fianna Fáil candidate Thomas Harris.

                                1931 by-election: Kildare[7][37]
                                PartyCandidateFPv%Count
                                12
                                Fianna Fáil Thomas Harris 40.0 10,041 11,612
                                Cumann na nGaedheal John Conlan 33.4 8,374 11,103
                                Labour William Norton 26.6 6,669  
                                Electorate: 38,815   Valid: 25,084   Quota: 12,543   Turnout: 64.6%  

                                  September 1927 general election

                                  September 1927 general election: Kildare[6][37]
                                  PartyCandidateFPv%Count
                                  12345
                                  Cumann na nGaedheal George Wolfe 29.6 6,494        
                                  Fianna Fáil Domhnall Ua Buachalla 28.5 6,261        
                                  Farmers' Party John Conlan 14.9 3,284 4,067 4,099 4,227 4,555
                                  Labour Hugh Colohan 14.8 3,251 3,394 3,537 4,271 5,667
                                  Fianna Fáil Thomas Murphy 7.7 1,694 1,715 2,289 2,397  
                                  Labour Michael Smyth 4.5 985 1,039 1,058    
                                  Electorate: 34,815   Valid: 21,969   Quota: 5,493   Turnout: 63.1%  

                                    June 1927 general election

                                    June 1927 general election: Kildare[5][37]
                                    PartyCandidateFPv%Count
                                    12345678910
                                    Fianna Fáil Domhnall Ua Buachalla 18.6 4,127 4,162 4,972 5,732            
                                    Labour Hugh Colohan 18.6 4,112 4,144 4,213 4,341 4,402 4,788 5,081 5,529 7,226  
                                    Cumann na nGaedheal George Wolfe 11.0 2,438 2,577 2,589 2,608 2,612 2,771 3,675 4,197 4,296 4,496
                                    Farmers' Party John Conlan 10.4 2,310 2,560 2,580 2,653 2,674 2,995 3,257 3,632 3,824 3,956
                                    Labour Michael Smyth 8.4 1,865 1,900 1,934 2,036 2,056 2,148 2,182 2,342    
                                    Cumann na nGaedheal James C. Bergin 7.0 1,559 1,606 1,613 1,634 1,647 1,726        
                                    National League Rupert Trench 6.4 1,415 1,612 1,624 1,676 1,697 1,796 1,854      
                                    Sinn Féin Art O'Connor 5.1 1,133 1,185 1,287              
                                    Independent John J. Bergin 5.1 1,129 1,280 1,296 1,359 1,409          
                                    Fianna Fáil James Cregan 5.0 1,098 1,109                
                                    Independent George Henderson 4.4 979                  
                                    Electorate: 34,815   Valid: 22,165   Quota: 5,542   Turnout: 63.7%  

                                      1923 general election

                                      1923 general election: Kildare[4][37]
                                      PartyCandidateFPv%Count
                                      12345678
                                      Labour Hugh Colohan 23.0 4,300 4,310 4,361 4,787        
                                      Farmers' Party John Conlan 19.5 3,650 3,672 3,762 3,868 3,903 4,174 4,435 4,941
                                      Republican Art O'Connor 12.2 2,276 2,311 2,347 3,125 3,160 3,510 3,620  
                                      Cumann na nGaedheal George Wolfe 11.7 2,186 2,198 2,494 2,517 2,518 2,698 4,475 4,624
                                      Cumann na nGaedheal Thomas Lawler 10.3 1,920 1,949 2,352 2,387 2,390 2,643    
                                      Labour Michael Smyth 9.2 1,712 1,722 1,769 1,892 1,931      
                                      Republican Domhnall Ua Buachalla 8.0 1,492 1,564 1,572          
                                      Cumann na nGaedheal Simon Malone 5.1 950 956            
                                      Republican Thomas Harris 1.1 206              
                                      Electorate: 35,612   Valid: 18,692   Quota: 4,674   Turnout: 52.5%  

                                        See also

                                        References

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                                        2. "Electoral (Amendment) Act, 1947: First Schedule (Constituencies)". Irish Statute Book database. Retrieved 26 November 2011.
                                        3. 1 2 Walker, Brian M, ed. (1992). Parliamentary election results in Ireland, 1918–92. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy. ISBN 0-901714-96-8. ISSN 0332-0286.
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                                        5. 1 2 "General election June 1927: Kildare". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
                                        6. 1 2 "General election September 1927: Kildare". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
                                        7. 1 2 "By-election 1931: Kildare". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
                                        8. 1 2 "General election 1932: Kildare". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
                                        9. 1 2 "General election 1933: Kildare". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
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                                        12. 1 2 "General election 1954: Kildare". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
                                        13. 1 2 "General election 1957: Kildare". ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
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                                        28. Government of Ireland (1990). Election Results and Transfer of Votes in General Election (June, 1989) For Twenty-Sixth Dáil. Stationery Office, Government of Ireland.
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                                        30. "25th Dáil 1987 general election results" (PDF). Houses of the Oireachtas. July 1987. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
                                        31. "Kildare: 1982 (Nov) general election". IrelandElection.com. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
                                        32. "24th Dáil November 1982 general election results" (PDF). Houses of the Oireachtas. August 1983. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
                                        33. "23rd Dáil February 1982 general election results" (PDF). Houses of the Oireachtas. August 1982. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
                                        34. "22nd Dáil 1981 general election results" (PDF). Houses of the Oireachtas. September 1981. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
                                        35. "21st Dáil 1977 general election results" (PDF). Houses of the Oireachtas. February 1978. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
                                        36. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Gallagher, Michael (2009). Irish Elections 1948–77: Results and Analysis Sources for the Study of Irish Politics 2. Routledge. ISBN 9781138973343.
                                        37. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Gallagher, Michael (1993). Irish Elections 1922-44: Results and Analysis. PSAI Press. ISBN 0951974815.

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