La Quinta Formation
Stratigraphic range: Hettangian—Aalenian
The La Quinta Formation near its type section in Táchira, Venezuela
TypeGeological formation
UnderliesRío Negro Formation
OverliesMucuchachi Formation
Thicknessup to 11,000 ft (3,400 m)
Lithology
PrimarySandstone
OtherTuff, conglomerate
Location
Coordinates8°09′N 72°01′W / 8.15°N 72.02°W / 8.15; -72.02
Approximate paleocoordinates0°06′N 42°42′W / 0.1°N 42.7°W / 0.1; -42.7
RegionCesar-Ranchería & Maracaibo Basins
Serranía del Perijá & Cordillera de Mérida
Country Colombia
 Venezuela
Type section
Named forLa Quinta quarry
La Quinta Formation is located in Venezuela
La Quinta Formation
La Quinta Formation (Venezuela)

The La Quinta Formation is a Jurassic geologic formation which crops out in the Cordillera de Mérida and Serranía del Perijá of western Venezuela and northeastern Colombia. The formation is also present in the subsurface of the Cesar-Ranchería and Maracaibo Basins. At its type locality near La Grita, Táchira, it consists of a basal dacitic tuff followed by interlayered sandstones, tuffs, siltstones and rare limestones.[1] Dinosaur remains including Laquintasaura,[2] Tachiraptor, and Perijasaurus[3] are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.[4]

U–Pb zircon analysis demonstrates that the formation dates to 200.91+0.55 Ma at its base[2] and a maximum age of 174.8 Ma.[3]

Paleofauna

Genus Species location Material Notes Images
Laquintasaura[2] L. venezuelae

Venezuela

 Partial skeleton First dinosaur identified from Venezuela

Perijasaurus

P. lapaz

Cesar Department, Colombia

 Partial dorsal vertebra Previously known as the "Cesar sauropod", and was the first dinosaur discovered in Colombia

Tachiraptor

 T. admirabilis Venezuela A tibia and ischium

Regional correlations

Stratigraphy of the Llanos Basin and surrounding provinces
MaAgePaleomapRegional eventsCatatumboCordilleraproximal Llanosdistal LlanosPutumayoVSMEnvironmentsMaximum thicknessPetroleum geologyNotes
0.01Holocene
Holocene volcanism
Seismic activity		alluviumOverburden
1Pleistocene
Pleistocene volcanism
Andean orogeny 3
Glaciations		GuayaboSoatá
Sabana		NecesidadGuayaboGigante
Neiva
Alluvial to fluvial (Guayabo)550 m (1,800 ft)
(Guayabo)		[5][6][7][8]
2.6Pliocene
Pliocene volcanism
Andean orogeny 3
GABI		Subachoque
5.3MessinianAndean orogeny 3
Foreland		MarichuelaCaimánHonda[7][9]
13.5LanghianRegional floodingLeónhiatusCajaLeónLacustrine (León)400 m (1,300 ft)
(León)		Seal[8][10]
16.2BurdigalianMiocene inundations
Andean orogeny 2		C1Carbonera C1OspinaProximal fluvio-deltaic (C1)850 m (2,790 ft)
(Carbonera)		Reservoir[9][8]
17.3C2Carbonera C2Distal lacustrine-deltaic (C2)Seal
19C3Carbonera C3Proximal fluvio-deltaic (C3)Reservoir
21Early MiocenePebas wetlandsC4Carbonera C4BarzalosaDistal fluvio-deltaic (C4)Seal
23Late Oligocene
Andean orogeny 1
Foredeep		C5Carbonera C5OritoProximal fluvio-deltaic (C5)Reservoir[6][9]
25C6Carbonera C6Distal fluvio-lacustrine (C6)Seal
28Early OligoceneC7C7PepinoGualandayProximal deltaic-marine (C7)Reservoir[6][9][11]
32Oligo-EoceneC8UsmeC8onlapMarine-deltaic (C8)Seal
Source		[11]
35Late Eocene
MiradorMiradorCoastal (Mirador)240 m (790 ft)
(Mirador)		Reservoir[8][12]
40Middle EoceneRegaderahiatus
45
50Early Eocene
SochaLos CuervosDeltaic (Los Cuervos)260 m (850 ft)
(Los Cuervos)		Seal
Source		[8][12]
55Late PaleocenePETM
2000 ppm CO2		Los CuervosBogotáGualanday
60Early PaleoceneSALMABarcoGuaduasBarcoRumiyacoFluvial (Barco)225 m (738 ft)
(Barco)		Reservoir[5][6][9][8][13]
65Maastrichtian
KT extinctionCatatumboGuadalupeMonserrateDeltaic-fluvial (Guadalupe)750 m (2,460 ft)
(Guadalupe)		Reservoir[5][8]
72CampanianEnd of riftingColón-Mito Juan[8][14]
83SantonianVilleta/Güagüaquí
86Coniacian
89TuronianCenomanian-Turonian anoxic eventLa LunaChipaqueGachetáhiatusRestricted marine (all)500 m (1,600 ft)
(Gachetá)		Source[5][8][15]
93Cenomanian
Rift 2
100AlbianUneUneCaballosDeltaic (Une)500 m (1,600 ft)
(Une)		Reservoir[9][15]
113Aptian
CapachoFómequeMotemaYavíOpen marine (Fómeque)800 m (2,600 ft)
(Fómeque)		Source (Fóm)[6][8][16]
125BarremianHigh biodiversityAguardientePajaShallow to open marine (Paja)940 m (3,080 ft)
(Paja)		Reservoir[5]
129Hauterivian
Rift 1Tibú-
Mercedes		Las JuntashiatusDeltaic (Las Juntas)910 m (2,990 ft)
(Las Juntas)		Reservoir (LJun)[5]
133ValanginianRío NegroCáqueza
Macanal
Rosablanca		Restricted marine (Macanal)2,935 m (9,629 ft)
(Macanal)		Source (Mac)[6][17]
140BerriasianGirón
145TithonianBreak-up of PangeaJordánArcabucoBuenavista
Batá
SaldañaAlluvial, fluvial (Buenavista)110 m (360 ft)
(Buenavista)		"Jurassic"[9][18]
150Early-Mid Jurassic
Passive margin 2La Quinta
Montebel

Noreán		hiatusCoastal tuff (La Quinta)100 m (330 ft)
(La Quinta)		[19]
201Late Triassic
MucuchachiPayandé[9]
235Early Triassic
Pangeahiatus"Paleozoic"
250Permian
300Late Carboniferous
Famatinian orogenyCerro Neiva
()		[20]
340Early CarboniferousFossil fish
Romer's gap		Cuche
(355-385)		Farallones
()		Deltaic, estuarine (Cuche)900 m (3,000 ft)
(Cuche)
360Late Devonian
Passive margin 1Río Cachirí
(360-419)		Ambicá
()		Alluvial-fluvial-reef (Farallones)2,400 m (7,900 ft)
(Farallones)		[17][21][22][23][24]
390Early Devonian
High biodiversityFloresta
(387-400)
El Tíbet
Shallow marine (Floresta)600 m (2,000 ft)
(Floresta)
410Late SilurianSilurian mystery
425Early Silurianhiatus
440Late Ordovician
Rich fauna in BoliviaSan Pedro
(450-490)		Duda
()
470Early OrdovicianFirst fossilsBusbanzá
(>470±22)
Chuscales
Otengá
Guape
()		Río Nevado
()
Hígado
()
Agua Blanca
Venado
(470-475)
[25][26][27]
488Late Cambrian
Regional intrusionsChicamocha
(490-515)		Quetame
()		Ariarí
()		SJ del Guaviare
(490-590)		San Isidro
()		[28][29]
515Early CambrianCambrian explosion[27][30]
542Ediacaran
Break-up of Rodiniapre-Quetamepost-ParguazaEl Barro
()		Yellow: allochthonous basement
(Chibcha Terrane)
Green: autochthonous basement
(Río Negro-Juruena Province)		Basement[31][32]
600NeoproterozoicCariri Velhos orogenyBucaramanga
(600-1400)		pre-Guaviare[28]
800
Snowball Earth[33]
1000Mesoproterozoic
Sunsás orogenyAriarí
(1000)		La Urraca
(1030-1100)		[34][35][36][37]
1300Rondônia-Juruá orogenypre-AriaríParguaza
(1300-1400)		Garzón
(1180-1550)		[38]
1400
pre-Bucaramanga[39]
1600PaleoproterozoicMaimachi
(1500-1700)		pre-Garzón[40]
1800
Tapajós orogenyMitú
(1800)		[38][40]
1950Transamazonic orogenypre-Mitú[38]
2200Columbia
2530Archean
Carajas-Imataca orogeny[38]
3100Kenorland
Sources
Legend
  • group
  • important formation
  • fossiliferous formation
  • minor formation
  • (age in Ma)
  • proximal Llanos (Medina)[note 1]
  • distal Llanos (Saltarin 1A well)[note 2]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ based on Duarte et al. (2019)[41], García González et al. (2009),[42] and geological report of Villavicencio[43]
  2. ↑ based on Duarte et al. (2019)[41] and the hydrocarbon potential evaluation performed by the UIS and ANH in 2009[44]

References

  1. ↑ Barret et al., 2008, p.164
  2. 1 2 3 Barret et al., 2014
  3. 1 2 Rincón AF, Raad Pájaro DA, Jiménez Velandia HF, Ezcurra MD, Wilson Mantilla JA (2022). "A sauropod from the Lower Jurassic La Quinta Formation (Dept. Cesar, Colombia) and the initial diversification of eusauropods at low latitudes". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 42: e2077112. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.2077112. S2CID 251501541.
  4. ↑ Weishampel, et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution." Pp. 517-607
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 García González et al., 2009, p.27
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 García González et al., 2009, p.50
  7. 1 2 García González et al., 2009, p.85
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Barrero et al., 2007, p.60
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Barrero et al., 2007, p.58
  10. ↑ Plancha 111, 2001, p.29
  11. 1 2 Plancha 177, 2015, p.39
  12. 1 2 Plancha 111, 2001, p.26
  13. ↑ Plancha 111, 2001, p.24
  14. ↑ Plancha 111, 2001, p.23
  15. 1 2 Pulido & Gómez, 2001, p.32
  16. ↑ Pulido & Gómez, 2001, p.30
  17. 1 2 Pulido & Gómez, 2001, pp.21-26
  18. ↑ Pulido & Gómez, 2001, p.28
  19. ↑ Correa Martínez et al., 2019, p.49
  20. ↑ Plancha 303, 2002, p.27
  21. ↑ Terraza et al., 2008, p.22
  22. ↑ Plancha 229, 2015, pp.46-55
  23. ↑ Plancha 303, 2002, p.26
  24. ↑ Moreno Sánchez et al., 2009, p.53
  25. ↑ Mantilla Figueroa et al., 2015, p.43
  26. ↑ Manosalva Sánchez et al., 2017, p.84
  27. 1 2 Plancha 303, 2002, p.24
  28. 1 2 Mantilla Figueroa et al., 2015, p.42
  29. ↑ Arango Mejía et al., 2012, p.25
  30. ↑ Plancha 350, 2011, p.49
  31. ↑ Pulido & Gómez, 2001, pp.17-21
  32. ↑ Plancha 111, 2001, p.13
  33. ↑ Plancha 303, 2002, p.23
  34. ↑ Plancha 348, 2015, p.38
  35. ↑ Planchas 367-414, 2003, p.35
  36. ↑ Toro Toro et al., 2014, p.22
  37. ↑ Plancha 303, 2002, p.21
  38. 1 2 3 4 Bonilla et al., 2016, p.19
  39. ↑ Gómez Tapias et al., 2015, p.209
  40. 1 2 Bonilla et al., 2016, p.22
  41. 1 2 Duarte et al., 2019
  42. ↑ García González et al., 2009
  43. ↑ Pulido & Gómez, 2001
  44. ↑ García González et al., 2009, p.60

Bibliography

  • Barrett, Paul M.; Richard J. Butler; Roland Mundil; Torsten M. Scheyer; Randall B. Irmis, and Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra. 2014. A palaeoequatorial ornithischian and new constraints on early dinosaur diversification. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 281. 1–7. Accessed 2018-08-18.
  • Barrett, P. M., R. J. Butler, S. C. Moore-Fay, F. E. Novas, J. M. Moody, J. M. Clark, and M. R. Sänchez-Villagra. ‘Dinosaur Remains from the La Quinta Formation (Lower or Middle Jurassic) of the Venezuelan Andes’. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 82, no. 2 (2008): 163–177.
  • Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. 861 pp. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.

Maps

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