Line 1
Tiananmen East station platform
Overview
Other name(s)	M1 (planned name) Fuba line (Chinese: 复八线, for Fuxingmen to Sihuidong section)
Status	Operational
Locale	Chaoyang, Dongcheng, Xicheng, Haidian, and Shijingshan districts Beijing
Termini	Gucheng (Pingguoyuan reopens in 2024, Fushouling opens in 2023) Sihuidong
Stations	23
Service
Type	Rapid transit
System	Beijing Subway
Operator(s)	Beijing Mass Transit Railway Operation Corp., Ltd.
Depot(s)	Guchenglu, Sihui Depots[1][2]
Rolling stock	6-car Type B (DKZ4, SFM04)
Daily ridership	1,234,900 (2014 Avg.)[3] 1,536,900 (2014 Peak)[4][5]
History
Opened	January 15, 1971 (1971-01-15)
Technical
Line length	31.04 km (19.29 mi)[6]
Character	Underground, at-grade[lower-alpha 1]
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)
Operating speed	80 km/h (maximum service speed)
Route map connects Fengsha railway to Sanjiadian 101 Gaojing no regular train services above 102 Fushouling (under renovation, to be reopened 2023) Yongding River diversion canal Line S1 Shichang Line 6 Jin'anqiao – Lucheng 103 Pingguoyuan (closed for renovation) connects Jingmen railway Gucheng depot 104 Gucheng 101 railway (for military purpose only) 105 Bajiao Amusement Park 106 Babaoshan 107 Yuquan Lu 108 Wukesong 109 Wanshou Lu 110 Gongzhufen Line 10 outer – inner 111 Military Museum Line 9 Guogongzhuang – National Library Yongding River diversion canal 112 Muxidi Line 16 (out-of-system interchange) Wanpingcheng – Bei'anhe 113 Nanlishi Lu connects Line 2 114 Fuxingmen Line 2 outer – inner Line 19 crossing Line 4 115 Xidan Tiangongyuan – Anheqiaobei 116 Tian'anmenxi 117 Tian'anmendong 118 Wangfujing Line 8 Yinghai – Zhuxinzhuang connects Line 5 Line 5 119 Dongdan Songjiazhuang – Tiantongyuanbei 120 Jianguomen Line 2 inner – outer connects Line 2 121 Yong'anli Line 17 (to be opened 2024) Jiahuihu – Future Science City North 122 Guomao Line 10 inner – outer 123 Dawang Lu Line 14 Beijing South railway station – Shangezhuang 124 Sihui Batong line (through operation to Line 1) connects Batong line (through operation to Line 1) (for depot trains only) Sihui depot Through operation with Batong line (through operation to Line 1) 125 Sihuidong Batong line (through operation to Line 1) Shuangsha railway Universal Resort

Line 1 of the Beijing Subway (Chinese: 北京地铁1号线; pinyin: Běijīng dìtiě yīhào xiàn) is the oldest and one of the busiest lines of Beijing's mass transit rail network. Line 1 runs underneath Chang'an Avenue, the city's grand east–west thoroughfare, right through the heart of Beijing with stops on either side of Tiananmen Square. Line 1's color is dark red. Through operation with the Batong line started on August 29, 2021.^[7]

Ridership

As the oldest line of the Beijing Subway, Line 1 was also the most heavily used from the time the subway opened in 1971 until January 2013, when the near-completion of the Line 10 loop caused ridership on that line to surge past Line 1. Recent traffic relief efforts have been completed in recent years. The opening of the first phase of the parallel Line 6, caused an 8.46% decrease in daily demand and a 10-20% reduction in peak flow during rush hour.^[8] In addition Beijing BRT line 2 parallels the eastern section of Line 1. In the meantime between 2014 and 2015, Line 1 again upgraded its signals to a communications-based train control system allowing trains to run at headways as low as 1 minutes 45 seconds. However, during peak hours, sections of the line were reported in 2013 to still operate above 100% capacity.^[8]

Hours of operation

The first east-bound trains departs from Gucheng at 4:58 am and Pingguoyuan at 5:10 am. The first west-bound train departs Sihui at 4:56 am and Sihui East at 5:05 am. The last east-bound train leaves Pingguoyuan at 10:55 pm. The last west-bound train leaves Sihui East at 11:15 pm.^[9]

Route

Line 1's western terminus is Pingguoyuan, located in Shijingshan District. The line heads southeast to its second stop at Gucheng and from there runs straight east, following Chang'an Avenue all the way to its eastern terminus, Sihuidong in Chaoyang District, just beyond the 4th Ring Road. The line passes through Xidan, Wangfujing and Dongdan, among other important commercial centers of Xicheng and Dongcheng Districts, as well as the Beijing CBD near the China World Trade Center. The line is 31.04 km (19.29 mi)^[6] in length with 23 stations in operation. All stations except for Sihui and Sihuidong are underground.

Stations

Station list for Line 1 and Batong line of Beijing Subway, after the through operation started on August 29, 2021.^[7]
● Normal: Gucheng — Huanqiu Dujiaqu (Universal Resort)
● Morning rush hour: Gongzhufen — Guoyuan
● Evening rush hour: Gucheng — Guoyuan

History

Yuquan Lu station, Opened on August 5, 1971. The first phase of the Beijing subway project groundbreaking ceremony was held west of Yuquanlu Road.

The first section of subway in Beijing officially started trial operation on January 15, 1971. It was 10.7 km (6.6 mi) long and ran between Beijing railway station to Gongzhufen,^{[lower-alpha 2]} which today is a section of Line 1 and 2.^[12] A few months later, on August 15, 1971, the line was extended 3 stations west, to Yuquan Lu. The line was extended again to Gucheng in November. On April 23, 1973, the line was extended Pingguoyuan, at this point the line is 23.6 km (14.7 mi) long with 17 stations.^[12] On September 15, 1981, the line was again extended westward to Fushouling creating a 27.6 km (17.1 mi) long line with 19 stations. The line was transferred to the newly created Beijing Mass Transit Operation Corporation and was officially opened to the public, ending the decade long trial operation period. By 1981, the annual passenger volume of Beijing Subway was 64.66 million passengers, with a daily average of 177,000 passenger trips.^[13]

On August 15, 1986, the second phase of subway construction started and a feasibility study on the construction of the new line between of Fuxingmen to Bawangfen (Today's Beijing CBD) was carried out. A new branch heading east to a new station, Fuxingmen, was completed between Nanlishi Lu and Changchun Jie stations on December 28, 1987. The section between Changchun Jie and Beijing railway station was transferred to the newly created Line 2 and Line 1 ran between Pingguoyuan and Fuxingmen stations. In January 1991, the feasibility study report on the construction of a new line between Fuxingmen to Bawangfen was approved with construction of the new "Fuba line", starting in June 1992. On December 12, 1992, Line 1 was extended east for one station to Xidan. In 1994, Line 1's signals were upgraded to automatic train protection system.^[14] On September 28, 1999, the first section of the Fuba line between Tian'anmenxi to Sihuidong was opened. On June 28, 2000, the section between Xidan and Tian'anmenxi stations opened, merging Line 1 and the Fuba Line to create a 31 km (19 mi) line with 23 stations.^[14]

Line 1 train at Wangfujing in 2007.

In 1992, Line 1 was extended east one station to Xidan.

Platform of Tian'anmen East station

Platform screen doors

In 2017, platform screen doors were installed on the platform of Line 1.

Due to platform congestion and suicides, a proposal was made in 2010 to refit all stations on Line 1 with platform screen doors.^[17] However, the ventilation system in the older stations of Line 1 was incompatible with full-height platform screen doors, so half height platform screen doors were chosen instead.^[18] In July 2016, the operator began installing platform screen doors on Line 1.^[19] In 2016, the platform screen doors was installed at Yong'anli station.^[20] By the end of 2017, all stations except Pingguoyuan were retrofitted with half-height platform screen doors, and all the screen doors were put into operation for the first time.^[21]

Through operations with the Batong line

Route display reserved for through service from Pingguo Yuan to Universal Resort

In 2010, a CPPCC member Chen Dingwang, proposed that services on Line 1 and the Batong line should directly link, with through operations, reducing travel times and removing the unnecessary forced transfers at Sihuidong or Sihui.^[22] However, the Beijing Subway responded that Line 1's and Batong's signal systems are completely different, so through-operation will be more difficult to achieve, from an engineering standpoint. As of 2016, preliminary design and feasibility studies are underway to allow for through operations between Line 1 and Batong.^[23] On June 12, 2020, the project of the through operation of Line 1 and Batong line was approved by Beijing Development and Reform Commission.^[24] Through operation with the Batong line started on 29 August 2021.^[7]

Other facilities

Rolling stock for Line 1 is parked and maintained at Gucheng Depot and Sihui Carpark.

Restricted stations

Beyond Pingguoyuan, Line 1 extends further northwest where it has several other stations: Gaojing (高井) and Fushouling (福寿岭). Gaojing station is in the military region. Fushouling station is actually outside the military region. These stations are not open for public use.

Fushouling station will open to public in 2023.^[25][26]

A proposal to open the Gaojing station to public is mentioned within 2022 and 2023 working plan of the Shijingshan District.^[25][27]

Future Development

Increasing capacity

The platforms of some Line 1 stations are longer than the trains used on the line.

Due to Line 1's severe overcapacity problem, there are plans to introduce 7-car or longer trains. In order for this plan to proceed the oldest section of Line 1 between Pingguoyuan and Nanlishi Lu, which only has platforms long enough to accommodate 6-car trains, will need to be lengthened. The newer section between Fuxingmen and Sihuidong, formerly known as "Fuba line" during construction, has platforms long enough for 8-car trains.^[28][29] According to an interview to the director of Beijing Municipal Transport Commission in December 2022, they will introduce 7-car trains in the eastern section of Line 1 and the Batong line in future.^[30]

Rolling Stock

Current

Model	Image	Manufacturer	Year Built	Year Refurbished	Amount in Service	Fleet Numbers	Depot
DKZ4G		CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment	1998–2001	2007 2010-2012 2015-2016 2020-2021	31	S401–S431 (01 001–01 031)	Sihui (except two in Gucheng)
SFM04/04A		CRRC Qingdao Sifang Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment	2006–2011	2021	39	G432–G470 (01 032–01 070)	Gucheng
SFM01/02/07			2003–2005	2008 2015-2020 2021	108	TQ401–TQ408, TQ415–TQ424 (01 071–01 078, 01 085–01 094)	Tuqiao
BDK06		Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment	2018–2021		72	TQ431–TQ437 (01 101–01 107), 01 108–01 112	Tuqiao, Sihui

Former

All were based at Gucheng depot.

Model	Image	Manufacturer	Year Built	Years in service	Number Made	Fleet Numbers (Before 1996)	Fleet Numbers (After 1996)	Notes
DK1		CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles	1967	—	2	001–002	—	Never ran in service due to exceeding the subway's loading gauge.
DK2			1969–1970	1969–1985	80	201–219	—	76 cars were refurbished into DK11.
DK3/3G			1971–1973	1971-2002	50	Un­known	G101–G107	Transferred to line 13 and Batong line.
DK8			1982	Un­known	52	401–413	—	Transferred to line 2.
DK11			1984–1985	1984–2008	76	601–619	G201–G207, G2082–G2085, G209–G213
DK20/20G			1994–1995	1994–2012	42	443–449	G108–G114	Originally retired in 2008, reactivated due to DKZ4 trains being overhauled.
BD1		Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment	1990–1992	1990–1994	18	3083–3084, 309–311	—	Transferred to line 2.
BD2/2G			1994–1998	1995–2012	72	450–454 (first batch only)	G115–G126	Originally retired in 2008, reactivated due to DKZ4 trains being overhauled.
BD3			1995	1996–2001	2	—	G2081, G2086	Linked with DK3 cars G2082–G2085.

See also

• Restricted stations of Line 1, Beijing Subway

Notes

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Line 1, Beijing Subway.