Horseshoe bats are bats in the family Rhinolophidae, which is in the superfamily Rhinolophoidea. All extant horseshoe bats are in the genus Rhinolophus. There is one extinct genus of horseshoe bats, Palaeonycteris. As of 2019, there were 106 described species in Rhinolophus, making it the second-most speciose genus of bat after Myotis.[1]

Conventions

IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
 EX Extinct (0 species)
 EW Extinct in the wild (0 species)
 CR Critically Endangered (1 species)
 EN Endangered (7 species)
 VU Vulnerable (6 species)
 NT Near threatened (8 species)
 LC Least concern (52 species)
Other categories
 DD Data deficient (13 species)
 NE Not evaluated (17 species)

Conservation statuses listed for each species follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. The Increase symbol indicates that the species's population trend is positive, the Decrease symbol indicates that the species's population trend is negative, the Steady symbol indicates that the species's population is stable, and the Question symbol indicates that the species's population trend is unknown. Population trends are based on the Red List of Threatened Species. The super-scripted "IUCN" tag is a link to that species's Red List of Threatened Species page. If a species has taxonomic synonyms, a list of these is provided in the "Scientific name" column, underneath the binomial name and author. If a species has subspecies, a list of these is provided in the "Common name" column, underneath the common name.

Palaeonycteris

Rhinolophus

Rhinolophus can be informally divided into two clades: the predominantly African clade and the predominantly Oriental clade.[3]

African clade

Subgenus Rhinolophus

Subgenus Rhinolophus – 8 species groups,[lower-alpha 1] 38 species
Species group R. adami – 2 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Adam's horseshoe bat R. adami[6][7]
Aellen & Brosset, 1968
hDD IUCN Question Endemic to Republic of the Congo
Maendeleo horseshoe bat
(Tanzanian horseshoe bat)
R. maendeleo[8][9]
Kock, Csorba & Howell, 2000
hDD IUCN Question Caves of the Coastal Lowland forests of Tanzania
Species group R. capensis – 6 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Cape horseshoe bat R. capensis[10][11]
Lichtenstein, 1823

Synonym:[11]
aLC IUCN Steady Endemic to Cape Province in South Africa Dark or pale brown fur over most of the body, with paler, fawn-grey, underparts
Dent's horseshoe bat

Subspecies:[lower-alpha 2]
    • R. d. denti
      Thomas, 1904
    • R. d. knorri
      Eisentraut, 1960
R. denti[10][12]
Thomas, 1904
aLC IUCN Question Angola, Botswana, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe
Bushveld horseshoe bat

Subspecies:[lower-alpha 3]
R. simulator[10][13]
K.Andersen, 1904

Synonym:[13]
    • R. bembanicus
      Senna, 1914
aLC IUCN Decrease Botswana, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa, South Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe
Swinny's horseshoe bat R. swinnyi[10][14]
Gough, 1908
aLC IUCN Question Angola, Republic of the Congo, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe
Roberts' horseshoe bat R. rhodesiae[15]
Roberts, 1946
iNE

(Least horseshoe bat)
R. gorongosae[15]
Taylor, Macdonald, Goodman, Kearney, Cotterill, Stoffberg, Monadjem, Schoeman, Guyton, Naskrecki & Richards, 2018
iNE
Species group R. euryale – 2 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Mediterranean horseshoe bat

Subspecies:[lower-alpha 4]
R. euryale[16]
Blasius, 1853
Synonyms:[16]
bNT IUCN Decrease In northwestern Africa, southern Europe to east to Turkmenistan and Iran, south to Israel; Mediterranean Islands Fluffy, light-grey based fur.
Mehely's horseshoe bat

Subspecies:[lower-alpha 6]
    • R. m. mehelyi
      Matschie, 1901
    • R. m. tuneti
      Deleuil & Labbe, 1955
R. mehelyi[17]
Matschie, 1901
Synonyms:[17]
    • R. carpetanus
      Cabrera, 1904
    • R. euryale tuneti
      Deleuil & Labbe, 1955
cVU IUCN Decrease Around the Mediterranean Sea from North-Western Africa across Portugal, Spain, the Balearics, southern France, Sardinia, Sicily and the Balkan Peninsula to Asia Minor Dorsal fur grey-brown, ventral fur white
Species group R. ferrumquinum – 10 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Bokhara horseshoe bat R. bocharicus[18]
Kastschenko & Akimov, 1917
aLC IUCN Steady In Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and possibly in Iran and Pakistan Bokhara horseshoe bat skin, front and back
Geoffroy's horseshoe bat

Subspecies:[lower-alpha 7]
R. clivosus[19]
Cretzschmar, 1828
Synonyms:[19]
aLC IUCN Question Throughout Africa, extending into the Arabian Peninsula Medium-sized for an African horseshoe bat
Damara horseshoe bat R. damarensis[20]
Roberts, 1946
aLC IUCN Question In Angola, Namibia, and South Africa.
Darling's horseshoe bat R. darlingi[21]
K. Andersen, 1905
aLC IUCN Question In southern Africa: Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eswatini, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe; also in Lesotho and Nigeria
Decken's horseshoe bat R. deckenii[22]
Peters, 1867
bNT IUCN Decrease In Kenya and Tanzania Skin of Decken's horseshoe bat
Greater horseshoe bat

Subspecies:[lower-alpha 8]
    • R. f. ferrumequinum
      (Schreber, 1774)
    • R. f. creticum
      Illiopolou-Georgudaki & Ondrias, 1986
    • R. f. irani
      Cheeseman, 1921
    • R. f. proximus
      K.Andersen, 1905
    • R. f. tragatus
      Hodgson, 1835
    • R. f. korai
      Kuroda, 1938
    • R. f. nippon
      Temminck, 1835
R. ferrumequinum[23]
(Schreber, 1774)
Synonyms:[23]
aLC IUCN Decrease From North Africa and southern Europe through south-west Asia, the Caucasus, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan and the Himalayas to south-eastern China, Korea, and Japan The greater horseshoe bat is the largest horseshoe bat in Europe
Hills' horseshoe bat
(Upland horseshoe bat)
R. hillorum[24][25]
(Koopman, 1989)
bNT IUCN Decrease In Cameroon, Guinea, Liberia, and Nigeria
Sakeji horseshoe bat R. sakejiensis[26][25]
Cotterill, 2002
hDD IUCN Question Endemic to Zambia
Forest horseshoe bat R. silvestris[27]
Aellen, 1959
hDD IUCN Decrease In Republic of the Congo and Gabon
Horáček's horseshoe bat R. horaceki[lower-alpha 11][29]
Benda & Vallo, 2012
iNE In Cyrenaica, Libya.
Species group R. fumigatus – 2 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Eloquent horseshoe bat

Subspecies:[lower-alpha 12]
    • R. e. eloquens
      K. Andersen, 1905
    • R. e. perauritus
      De Beaux, 1922
R. eloquens[30]
K. Andersen, 1905
aLC IUCN Question In Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda
Rüppell's horseshoe bat

Subspecies:[lower-alpha 13]
R. fumigatus[31]
Rüppell, 1842
Synonyms:[31]
aLC IUCN Question Endemic to Africa, south of the Sahara
Species group R. hildebrandtii – 5 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Cohen's horseshoe bat R. cohenae[5]
Taylor, Stoffberg, Monadjem, Schoeman, Bayliss and Cotterill, 2012
cVU IUCN Decrease In South African province of Mpumalanga
Hildebrandt's horseshoe bat R. hildebrandtii[32]
Peters, 1878
aLC IUCN Question In Botswana, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Mount Mabu horseshoe bat R. mabuensis[5]
Taylor, Stoffberg, Monadjem, Schoeman, Bayliss and Cotterill, 2012
dEN IUCN Question In Mozambique
Mozambican horseshoe bat R. mossambicus[5]
Taylor, Stoffberg, Monadjem, Schoeman, Bayliss and Cotterill, 2012
aLC IUCN Decrease In Mozambique and Zimbabwe
Smithers's horseshoe bat R. smithersi[5]
Taylor, Stoffberg, Monadjem, Schoeman, Bayliss and Cotterill, 2012
bNT IUCN Steady In South Africa and Zimbabwe
Species group R. landeri – 5 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Halcyon horseshoe bat R. alcyone[33]
Temminck, 1852
aLC IUCN Question In Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, South Sudan, Togo, Uganda, possibly Gabon, and possibly Sierra Leone
Blasius's horseshoe bat

Subspecies:[lower-alpha 14]
    • R. b. blasii
      Peters, 1866
    • R. b. meyeroehmi
      Felten, 1977
    • R. b. andreinii
      Senna, 1905
    • R. b. empusa
      K. Andersen, 1904
R. blasii[34]
Peters, 1866
Synonyms:
aLC IUCN Decrease Throughout large parts of the Mediterranean, Middle East and Northern Africa
Guinean horseshoe bat R. guineensis[35]
Eisentraut, 1960
cVU IUCN Question Ivory Coast, Guinea, Liberia, Senegal, and Sierra Leone
Lander's horseshoe bat

Subspecies:[lower-alpha 15]
    • R. l. landeri
      Martin, 1837
    • R. l. angolensis
      Seabra, 1898
R. landeri[36]
Martin, 1837
Synonyms:
    • R. angolensis
      Seabra, 1898
    • R. dobsoni
      Thomas, 1904
    • R. axillaris
      Allen, 1917
aLC IUCN Question Sub-Saharan Africa
Peters' horseshoe bat R. lobatus[15]
Peters, 1852
iNE from Sudan and Ethiopia south to Transvaal, Zanzibar
Species group R. maclaudi – 6 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Hill's horseshoe bat R. hilli[37]
Aellen, 1973
eCR IUCN Decrease Endemic to Rwanda
Maclaud's horseshoe bat R. maclaudi[38]
Pousargues, 1897
dEN IUCN Decrease Endemic to Guinea
Ruwenzori horseshoe bat R. ruwenzorii[39]
Hill, 1942
cVU IUCN Decrease In Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda
Ziama horseshoe bat R. ziama[37]
Fahr, Vierhaus, Hütterer & Kock, 2002
dEN IUCN Decrease In Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia
Willard's horseshoe bat R. willardi[40]
Kerbis Peterhans & Fahr, 2013
iNE In eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo
Kahuzi horseshoe bat R. kahuzi[40]
Fahr & Kerbis Peterhans, 2013
iNE In eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo

Oriental clade

Subgenus Aquias

Subgenus Aquias – 1 species group, 9 species
Species group R. trifoliatus – 9 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Lesser woolly horseshoe bat
(Beddome's horseshoe bat)

Subspecies:[lower-alpha 16]
R. beddomei[41]
Andersen, 1905[42]
aLC IUCN Steady In India and Sri Lanka
Formosan woolly horseshoe bat R. formosae[43]
Sanborn, 1939
aLC IUCN Decrease Endemic to Taiwan
Great woolly horseshoe bat

Subspecies:[lower-alpha 17]
R. luctus[44]
Temminck, 1835
Synonyms:
aLC IUCN Question In Bangladesh, Brunei, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam(range map no longer valid, now thought to be endemic to Indonesia)[45]
Selangor woolly horseshoe bat R. luctoides[46][lower-alpha 18]
Volleth, Loidl, Mayer, Yong, Müller & Heller, 2015
iNE Recorded in Malaysia
Malaysian woolly horseshoe bat R. morio[46][lower-alpha 18]
Gray, 1842
iNE In Malay Peninsula, northern Sumatra
Northern woolly horseshoe bat R. perniger [47][48][lower-alpha 18]
Hodgson, 1843
iNE Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and China
Lesser woolly horseshoe bat R. sedulus[49][50]
Andersen, 1905
bNT IUCN Decrease In Brunei, Indonesia, and Malaysia
Trefoil horseshoe bat

Subspecies:[lower-alpha 19]
R. trifoliatus[51]
Temminck, 1834
aLC IUCN Question In Brunei, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, and Thailand
Francis’ woolly horseshoe bat

Subspecies:[lower-alpha 20]
    • R. f. francisi
      Soisook, Struebig, Bates & Miguez, 2015[52]
    • R. f. thailandicus
      Soisook & Bates, 2015[52]
R. francisi[52]
Soisook, Struebig, Bates & Miguez, 2015
iNE In Malaysia and Thailand

Subgenus Phyllorhina

Subgenus Phyllorhina – 1 species group, 1 species
Species group R. hipposideros – 1 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Lesser horseshoe bat

Subspecies:[lower-alpha 21]
R. hipposideros[53]
(Bechstein, 1800)
Synonyms:
aLC IUCN Decrease In Europe, North Africa, Asia Minor, Kashmir, Iran, Iraq, Arabian Peninsula, and East Africa

Subgenus Indorhinolophus

Subgenus Indorhinolophus – 1 species group, 4 species
Species group R. rouxi – 4 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Rufous horseshoe bat

Subspecies:[lower-alpha 25]
R. rouxii[54]
Temminck, 1835
Synonyms:
aLC IUCN Question In China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam Male in breeding season
R. indorouxii[55]
Chattopadhyay, Garg, Kumar, Doss, Ramakrishnan, & Kandula, 2012
hDD IUCN Question In Southern India
Chinese rufous horseshoe bat
(Chinese Horseshoe Bat)

Subspecies:[lower-alpha 27]
R. sinicus[56]
K. Andersen, 1905
Synonyms:
aLC IUCN Question In China, India, Nepal, and Vietnam
Thomas's horseshoe bat R. thomasi[57]
K. Andersen, 1905
Synonyms:
aLC IUCN Question In China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam

Subgenus Coelophyllus

Subgenus Coelophyllus – 2 species groups, 17 species
Species group R. pearsonii – 4 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Chiewkwee's horseshoe bat R. chiewkweeae[58] [lower-alpha 28]
Yoshiyuki & Lim, 2005
iNE In Malaysia
Pearson's horseshoe bat R. pearsonii[59]
Horsfield, 1851
Synonyms:
aLC IUCN Question In Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam
Thailand horseshoe bat R. thailandensis[60]
Wu, Harada & Motokawa, 2009
iNE In Thailand
Dobson's horseshoe bat R. yunanensis[61]
Dobson, 1872
aLC IUCN Question In China, India, Myanmar, and Thailand
Species group R. euryotis – 13 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Arcuate horseshoe bat
(Andersen's horseshoe bat)

Subspecies:[lower-alpha 29]
R. arcuatus[62]
Peters, 1871
Synonyms:
aLC IUCN Steady In Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, and the Philippines
Poso horseshoe bat R. belligerator[63]
Patrick, McCulloch, Ruedas, 2013
Synonyms:
    • R. arcuatus proconsulis
      Hill, 1959
dEN IUCN Question On Sulawesi Island
Canut's horseshoe bat

Subspecies:[lower-alpha 30]
R. canuti[64]
Thomas & Wroughton, 1909
Synonyms:
    • R. creaghi timorensis
      Goodwin, 1979
cVU IUCN Decrease Endemic to Indonesia
Croslet horseshoe bat R. coelophyllus[65]
Peters, 1867
aLC IUCN Question In Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Thailand
Creagh's horseshoe bat

Subspecies:[lower-alpha 31]
R. creaghi[66]
Thomas, 1896
Synonyms:
aLC IUCN Decrease In Indonesia and Malaysia
Broad-eared horseshoe bat

Subspecies:[lower-alpha 32]
R. euryotis[67]
Temminck, 1835
aLC IUCN Question In Indonesia and Papua New Guinea
Philippine forest horseshoe bat R. inops[68]
K. Andersen, 1905
aLC IUCN Steady Endemic to the Philippines
McIntyre's horseshoe bat R. mcintyrei[69][63]
Hill & Schlitter, 1982
Synonyms:
    • R. arcuatus mcintyrei
      Hill & Schlitter, 1982
hDD IUCN Question Endemic to Papua New Guinea
Bornean woolly horseshoe bat R. proconsulis[63]
Hill, 1959
Synonyms:
    • R. arcuatus proconsulis
      Hill, 1959
dEN IUCN Question In Indonesia and Malaysia
Large rufous horseshoe bat R. rufus[70]
Eydoux & Gervais, 1836
Synonyms:
bNT IUCN Decrease Endemic to the Philippines
Shamel's horseshoe bat R. shameli[71]
Tate, 1943
Synonyms:
    • R. coelophyllus shameli
      Tate, 1943
aLC IUCN Question In Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam
Small rufous horseshoe bat

Subspecies:[lower-alpha 33]
    • R. s. subrufus
      K. Andersen, 1905
    • R. s. bunkeri
      Taylor, 1934
R. subrufus[72]
K. Andersen, 1905
Synonyms:
hDD IUCN Question Endemic to the Philippines on the island of Camiguin, Catanduanes, Luzon, Mindanao and Mindoro
Sulawesi broad-eared horseshoe bat R. tatar[73][63]
Bergmans and Rozendaal, 1982
aLC IUCN Question On Sulawesi Island

Subgenus Rhinophyllotis

Subgenus Rhinophyllotis – 3 species groups, 31 species
Species group R. megaphyllus – 12 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Intermediate horseshoe bat

Subspecies:[lower-alpha 35]
R. affinis[74]
Horsfield, 1823
Synonyms:
aLC IUCN Steady Throughout much of South Asia, southern and central China and Southeast Asia
Homfray's horseshoe bat R. andamanensis[75]
Dobson, 1872
iNE Endemic to Andaman Islands
Bornean horseshoe bat

Subspecies:[lower-alpha 36]
R. borneensis[76]
Peters, 1861
Synonyms:
aLC IUCN Question In Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, and Vietnam
Sulawesi horseshoe bat

Subspecies:[lower-alpha 37]
R. celebensis[77]
K. Andersen, 1905
aLC IUCN Question Endemic to Indonesia
Insular horseshoe bat
(Kai horseshoe bat)
R. keyensis
Peters, 1871
hDD IUCN Question Endemic to Indonesia
Madura horseshoe bat R. madurensis
K. Andersen, 1918
cVU IUCN Decrease On Madura Island and the Kangean Islands in Indonesia
Malayan horseshoe bat R. malayanus[78]
Bonhote, 1903
aLC IUCN Steady In Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam
Smaller horseshoe bat
(Eastern horseshoe bat)

Subspecies:[lower-alpha 38]
R. megaphyllus[81][79]
Gray, 1834
Synonyms:
aLC IUCN Question In Australia and Papua New Guinea
Neriad horseshoe bat
(Anamban horseshoe bat)
R. nereis[82]
K. Andersen, 1905
hDD IUCN Question On Anambas Islands and North Natuna Islands
Peninsular horseshoe bat R. robinsoni
K. Andersen, 1918
bNT IUCN Decrease In Malaysia and Thailand
Lesser brown horseshoe bat

Subspecies:[lower-alpha 40]
    • R. s. stheno K. Andersen, 1905
    • R. s. microglobosus Csorba & Jenkins, 1998
R. stheno[83]
K. Andersen, 1905
aLC IUCN Steady In Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam
Yellow-faced horseshoe bat R. virgo[84]
K. Andersen, 1905
aLC IUCN Steady Endemic to the Philippines
Species group R. philippinensis – 7 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Big-eared horseshoe bat

Subspecies:[lower-alpha 41]
R. macrotis[85]
Blyth, 1844
Synonyms:
aLC IUCN Steady In China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam
Marshall's horseshoe bat R. marshalli[86]
Thonglongya, 1973
aLC IUCN Question In Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam
Timorese horseshoe bat R. montanus[87]
Goodwin, 1979
Synonyms:
    • R. philippinensis montanus
      Goodwin, 1979
dEN IUCN Question Endemic to Timor-Leste
Bourret's horseshoe bat R. paradoxolophus[88]
Bourret, 1951
Synonyms:
    • Rhinomegalophus paradoxolophus
      Bourret, 1951
aLC IUCN Question In northern and central Vietnam, southwest China, central Thailand, and northern and central Laos
Large-eared horseshoe bat

Subspecies:[lower-alpha 42]
    • R. p. philippinensis
      Waterhouse, 1843
    • R. p. sanborni
      Chasen, 1940
    • R. p. alleni
      Lawrence, 1939
    • R. p. maros
      Tate & Archbold, 1939
    • R. p. achilles
      Thomas, 1900
    • R. p. robertsi
      Tate, 1952
R. philippinensis[90]
Waterhouse, 1843
Synonyms:
    • R. achilles
      Thomas, 1900
    • R. maros
      Tate & Archbold, 1939
    • R. maros robertsi
      Tate, 1952
aLC IUCN Question In Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, and the Philippines
King horseshoe bat R. rex[91]
G. M. Allen, 1923
aLC IUCN Decrease Endemic to the east coast of China
Schnitzler's horseshoe bat R. schnitzleri[92]
Wu & Thong, 2011
hDD IUCN Question Endemic to Yunnan, China
Species group R. pusillus – 12 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Acuminate horseshoe bat
(Accuminate horseshoe bat)

Subspecies:[lower-alpha 43]
R. acuminatus[94][95]
Peters, 1871
Synonyms:
aLC IUCN Question In Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand
Andaman horseshoe bat

Subspecies:[lower-alpha 44]
R. cognatus[96]
K. Andersen, 1906
Synonyms:
dEN IUCN Decrease Endemic to the Andaman Islands
Convex horseshoe bat R. convexus[97][98]
Csorba, 1997
hDD IUCN Question In Malaysia and Laos
Little Japanese horseshoe bat

Subspecies:[lower-alpha 45]
R. cornutus[99]
Temminck, 1834
Synonyms:
iNE In Japan and possibly in China
Imaizumi's horseshoe bat R. imaizumii[100][101][102]
Hill & Yoshiyuki, 1980
iNE On Ishigaki-jima, Japan
Yaeyama little horseshoe bat R. perditus[102]
K. Andersen, 1918
dEN IUCN Decrease On Iriomote Island, Japan
Blyth's horseshoe bat

Subspecies:[lower-alpha 46]
R. lepidus[103]
Blyth, 1844
Synonyms:
aLC IUCN Question Across southern Asia from Afghanistan to Vietnam
Formosan lesser horseshoe bat R. monoceros[104]
K. Andersen, 1905
iNE Endemic to Taiwan
Osgood's horseshoe bat R. osgoodi[105]
Sanborn, 1939
hDD IUCN Question Endemic to China
Least horseshoe bat

Subspecies:[lower-alpha 47]
R. pusillus[106]
Temminck, 1834
Synonyms:
aLC IUCN Steady In China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand and Vietnam
Shortridge's horseshoe bat R. shortridgei[107]
K. Andersen, 1918
Synonyms:
aLC IUCN Question In northeast India, northern Myanmar, and southern China
Little Nepalese horseshoe bat R. subbadius[108]
Blyth, 1844
Synonyms:
aLC IUCN Decrease In Bangladesh, China, India, Myanmar and Nepal, possibly in Bhutan

Incertae sedis

Several taxa are of uncertain placement, or incertae sedis

incertae sedis – 4 species
Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Range Picture
Mitred horseshoe bat R. mitratus[109]
Blyth, 1844
hDD IUCN Question Endemic to India
Thai horseshoe bat R. siamensis
Gyldenstolpe, 1917
Synonyms:
    • R. macrotis siamensis
      Gyldenstolpe, 1917
    • R. huananus
      Wu, Motokawa & Harada, 2008[110]
aLC IUCN Question In China, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam
Indo-Chinese lesser brown horseshoe bat R. microglobosus
Csorba & Jenkins, 1998
Synonyms:
    • R. stheno microglobosus
      Csorba & Jenkins, 1998
aLC IUCN Steady In Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam
Wedge-sellaed horseshoe bat
(Southwestern China horseshoe bat)
R. xinanzhongguoensis[111]
Zhou, Guillén-Servent, Lim, Eger, Wang & Jiang, 2009
bNT IUCN Decrease In southwestern China

Notes

  1. Csorba et al. described 7 species groups with R. hildebrandtii species included in R. fumigatus species group;[4] Taylor et al. by describing 4 new species separated R. hildebrandtii species group from R. fumigatus species group[5]
  2. R. d. denti from Namibia and Zimbabwe to the Cape Province, R. d. knorri in Guinea, Ivory Coast, and Ghana[12]
  3. R. s. simulator in eastern Africa from Ethiopia to Natal, R. s. alticolis in Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, and Cameroon[13]
  4. R. e. euryale in northwestern Africa, southern Europe to east to Turkmenistan and Iran; Mediterranean Islands; R. e. judaicus from Syria and south Iraq to Israel.[16]
  5. 1 2 Unidentifiable name.
  6. R. m. mehelyiin Europe and Western Asia; R. m. tuneti in northern Africa[17]
  7. R. c. clivosus in Yemen and Saudi Arabia; R. m. brachygnathus from Egypt and Israel to northeastern Libya and northern Sudan; R. c. schwartzi in southeastern Algeria and southwestern Libya; R. c. acrotis in Ethiopia, most of central and southern Sudan, Somalia; R. c. keniensis in southeastern Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, northern Tanzania; R. c. zuluensis in coastal South Africa; R. c. augur in southern Tanzania, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Botswana, and northern South Africa.[19]
  8. R. f. ferrumequinum in Europe and northwestern Africa; R. f. creticum in Crete; R. f. irani in Iraq, Iran, and Turkmenistan; R. f. proximus from Afghanistan and Uzbekistan east to Kashmir; R. f. tragatus from northern India to eastern China; R. f. korai in Korea; R. f. nippon in Japan and eastern China.[23]
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 nomen nudum
  10. Renaming of R. unihastatus homorodalmasiensis (Daday, 1885)
  11. A recent split from R. clivosis [28]
  12. R. e. eloquens from Southern Sudan to eastern Zaire and northern Tanzania, Pemba and Zanzibar; R. e. perauritus in southern Somalia.[30]
  13. R. f. fumigatus in Ethiopia; R. f. exsul from central Sudan to Tanzania; R. f. abae in northeastern Zaire; R. f. foxi from Central African Republic to Burkina Faso; R. f. diversus in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Gambia, and Senegal; R. f. aethiops from Zambia and Angole to the Cape Province, South Africa.[31]
  14. R. b. blasii in northwestern Africa, southern Europe and southwestern Asia; R. b. meyeroehmi in Iran, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, and Pakistan; R. b. andreinii in Ethiopia and Somalia; R. b. empusa in southeastern Africa from southern Zaire to Transvaal.[34]
  15. R. l. landeri from Gambia to Cameroon and south to the mouth of the Congo river; R. l. angolensis in western Angolan and perhaps Namibia.[36]
  16. R. b. beddomei in southern India; R. b. sobrinus in Sri Lanka.[41]
  17. R. l. luctus in southern Sumatra, Java, Bali; R. l. spurcus in Hainan, China; R. l. foetidus in Borneo.[44]
  18. 1 2 3 A recent split from R. luctus [28]
  19. R. t. trifoliatus in Sumatra, Java, and Borneo; R. t. edax from northeastern India, Thailand through the Malay Peninsula; R. t. niasensis in Nias; R. t. solitarius in Bangka.[51]
  20. R. f. francisi in Malaysia; R. f. thailandicus in Thailand.[52]
  21. R. h. hipposideros in Continental Europe to the eastern end of Black Sea; R. h. escalerae in north Africa; R. h. minimus from southern Europe to the eastern end of Mediterranean, including several islands and south to Ethiopia and Sudan; R. h. majori in Corsica; R. h. minutus in Britain and Ireland; R. h. midas from Transcaucasia and Iraq to Kazakhstan and Kashmir.[53]
  22. Preoccupied by Vespertilio molossus minor Kerr,1792
  23. Renaming of R. bihastatus kisnyiresiensis Daday, 1885
  24. Not of R. intermedius Söderland, 1920
  25. R. r. rouxii in peninsular India and southern Myanmar; R. r. rubidus in Sri Lanka.[54]
  26. Error for R. rubidus Kelaart, 1850
  27. R. s. sinicus in the Himalayas, northern Vietnam, southeastern China, and Sichuan; R. s. septentrionalis in Yunnan.[56]
  28. A recent split from R. yunanensis [28]
  29. R. a. arcuatus in northern Philippines; R. a. beccarii in Sumatra; R. a. exiguus in southern Philippines; R. a. toxopei in Buru and Ambon; R. a. angustifolius in Wettar, Southwest Island, and Flores Sea.[62]
  30. R. c. canuti in Java; R. c. timorensis in Timor.[64]
  31. R. c. creaghi in Borneo; R. c. pilosus in Madura.[66]
  32. R. e. euryotis from Seram Island to Tanimbar Islands; R. e. timidus from northern Moluccas through New Guinea to the Bismarcks; R. e. burius in Buru; R. e. praestans in Kai Islands; R. e. aruensis in Aru Islands. [67]
  33. R. s. subrufus in northern and central Philippines; R. s. bunkeri in Mindanao.[72]
  34. Preoccupied by R. rufus Eydoux & Gervais, 1836
  35. R. a. affinis in Java; R. a. himalayanus in northern India and Nepal across northern Myanmar to southwestern China; R. a. macrurus in southeastern China through Vietnam and Thailand to southeastern Myanmar; R. a. hainanus in Hainan Island; R. a. tener in southwestern Myanmar; R. a. superans in Malay Peninsula and in Sumatra and Mentawai Islands; R. a. nesites on Anamba and North Natuna Islands; R. a. princeps in Lombok, Sumbawa, and Sumba.[74]
  36. R. b. borneensis in Borneo; R. b. chaseni in Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, and Malaysia; R. b. importunus in Java; R. b. spadix in South Natuna and Karimata.[76]
  37. R. c. celebensis in Sulawesi; R. c. javanicus in Java and Bali; R. c. parvus in Timor.[77]
  38. R. m. megaphyllus in eastern Australia; R. m. simplex from Lombok to Komodo; R. m. fallax in southeastern New Guinea and D'Entrecasteaux Islands; R. m. monachus in Louisiades; R. m. vandeuseni in northeastern New Guinea and Bismarck Archipelago; R. m. truncatus in Bacan Islands; R. m. nanus on Seram and nearby islands; R. m. annectens on Wetar; R. m. robinsoni in Malay Peninsula; R. m. thaianus in northern Thailand.[79]
  39. Replacement name for R. robinsoni siamensis McFarlane & Blood 1986[80]
  40. R. s. stheno in Java, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, and Thailand south of the Isthmus of Kra; R. s. microglobosus in Thailand north of the Isthmus of Kra, Laos and Vietnam.[83]
  41. R. m. macrotis in Nepal and India; R. m. episcopus in Sichuan, China; R. m. caldwelli in southeastern China and Vietnam; R. m. dohrni in Sumatra and Malaysia; R. m. hirsutus in the Philippines; R. m. topali in Pakistan.[85]
  42. R. p. sanborni in Borneo; R. p. alleni in Mindoro; R. p. philippinensis on the remaining Philippines islands; R. p. maros in Sulawesi and New Guinea; R. p. achilles on Kai Islands; R. p. robertsi in northeastern Queensland. [89]
  43. R. a. acuminatus in Java; R. a. sumatranus in Sumatra and Borneo; R. a. circe on Nias Island; R. a. calypso on Enggano Island; R. a. audax in Bali and Lombok.[93]
  44. R. c. cognatus on south Andaman; R. c. famulus on north Andaman.[96]
  45. R. c. cornutus on the main islands of Japan; R. c. pumilus on Okinawa; R. c. miyakonis on Miyako-jima; R. c. orii on Amami Ōshima and Tokunoshima.[99]
  46. R. l. lepidus in central and northeastern India; R. l. monticola in Afghanistan and northwestern India; R. l. feae in northern Myanmar and northern Thailand; R. l. refulgens in Malay Peninsula; R. l. cuneatus in Sumatra.[103]
  47. R. p. pusillus in Java and Borneo; R. p. blythi in northwestern India; R. p. gracilis in southern India; R. p. szechuanus in northeastern India, Myanmar, southwestern China and Thailand; R. p. calidus in eastern China; R. p. parcus in Hainan; R. p. minutillus in Malay Peninsula and Anambas; R. p. pagi on Mentawai Islands.[103]
  48. Preoccupied by Vespertilio ferrumequinum minor Kerr, 1792
  49. Preoccupeid by Vespertilio ferrumequinum minitus Montagu, 1808
  50. Replacement name for R. minutus Miller, 1900

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Bibliography

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