Suicide |
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The following is a list of current and historic sites frequently chosen to attempt suicide, usually by jumping. Some of the sites listed have installed suicide barriers, signs advising potential suicides to take other actions, and other precautions, such as crisis hotline phones.
Exact numbers of victims are sometimes difficult to determine, as many jurisdictions and media agencies have ceased collecting statistics and reporting suicides at common sites, in the belief that the reporting may encourage others.
Most frequently used locations
- Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, Nanjing, China – more than 2,000 suicides from 1968 to 2006[1]
- Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco, California, United States – more than 1,600 known suicides;[2][3][4] the number is believed to be higher because of people whose bodies were never found.[5]
- Prince Edward Viaduct, Toronto, Ontario, Canada – 492 suicides before the Luminous Veil, a barrier of 9,000 steel rods, was constructed in 2003.[6]
- Aokigahara forest, Mount Fuji, Japan – as many as 105 suicides a year,[7] though the number may be higher.[8]
- The Gap, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia – a large sea cliff with roughly 50 suicides.
Locations by continent
Africa
- Ponte apartment building, Johannesburg[9]
- Van Stadens Bridge, Eastern Cape, South Africa – 88 suicides since construction in 1971.[10]
- Cairo Tower, Cairo, Egypt
Asia
- Aokigahara forest, Mount Fuji, Japan – up to 105 suicides a year[7]
- Delhi Metro, India – at least 83 suicides[11]
- Han River, South Korea[12][13]
- Hussain Sagar, India[14] – 146 deaths and 510 attempts between 2013 and 2016[15][16]
- Mapo Bridge, Seoul, South Korea[17][18]
- Milad Tower, Tehran, Iran – Until 2012, three suicides occurred by persons jumping from Milad Tower.
- Mount Mihara, Japan – an active volcano on the island of Izu Ōshima. After a suicide in 1933, media reports led to hundreds of copycats until 1936, when access was restricted.[19]
- Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, China – over 2,000 suicides since 1968, ~50/year.
- Shin-Koiwa Station, Japan
- Tehran Metro, Tehran, Iran
- Tojinbo, Japan
- Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, Wuhan, China – 24.7 suicides per year[20]
- Burj Khalifa, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Rabindra Sarobar metro station, India[21]
Europe
- 25 de Abril Bridge, Lisbon, Portugal[22]
- Älvsborg Bridge, Gothenburg, Sweden[23]
- Archway Bridge, Highgate, London, United Kingdom.[24]
- Beachy Head, Sussex, England, United Kingdom – 20 suicides a year[25]
- Bosphorus Bridge, Istanbul[26]
- Cliffs of Moher, County Clare, Ireland – four prevented suicides in 2008[27]
- Clifton Suspension Bridge, Bristol, England, United Kingdom – more than 500 suicides since opening in 1864. Suicide barriers were installed in 1998, which halved the suicide rate over the years following.[28]
- Erskine Bridge, Erskine, Scotland, United Kingdom.
- Forth Road Bridge, Scotland, United Kingdom – estimated over 20 suicides a year – more than 800 since the bridge opened in 1964*
- Foyle Bridge, Derry, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom – more than 90 suicides since 1984[29]
- Göltzsch Viaduct, Reichenbach im Vogtland, Germany – exemplary attraction for attempting suicide in Germany,[30] under continued supervision by the Federal Police,[31] scene of a 2001 suicide pact that led to the 2002 documentary Teuflische Spiele (Diabolical Games).[32]
- Grand Duchess Charlotte Bridge, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg – more than 100 suicides since opening in 1966. Since 1993, a Plexiglas barrier has prevented people from jumping off the bridge and falling on top of the houses below.[33]
- Humber Bridge, Kingston-upon-Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom – more than 200 incidents of people jumping or falling from the bridge took place in the first 26 years after it opened in 1981.[34]
- Karmsund Bridge, Rogaland, Norway - estimated 25 suicides or attempt pro anno.
- Kocher Viaduct, Germany - highest bridge in the country. A suicide barrier was installed on the bridge after an unusually high 48 suicides between 1979 and 1990.[35]
- London Underground, London, United Kingdom – ~50 attempts annually[36]
- The Monument, London, United Kingdom – was the site of six suicides between 1788 and 1842, when the gallery was enclosed by an iron cage to prevent such misfortunes occurring again.[37]
- Nusle Bridge, Prague, Czech Republic – At least 365 deaths.[38]
- Paris Métro, Paris metropolitan area, France – 20 to 40 deaths per year.[39]
- Segovia Viaduct, Madrid, Spain – colloquially called the suicide bridge, starting from the 17th century until the 1990s, when it saw fatal falls at an average of one a week. A barrier was erected in 1998.[40]
- Southerndown, South Wales, United Kingdom - well-known in the local area for suicides; at least 9 between 2000 and 2003.[41]
- Türisalu cliff, Estonia[42]
- Västerbron Stockholm Sweden [43][44]
North America
- Arrigoni Bridge, Middletown, Connecticut[45][46]
- Colorado Street Bridge in Pasadena, California, has been the host of numerous falls/jumps starting as early as its construction, when a worker who had been drinking fell off the bridge into wet cement. It has hosted many suicides since, and a large barrier/fence has been installed to keep people from jumping.
- Coronado Bridge (also known as San Diego–Coronado Bridge), San Diego, California – more than 200 suicides (1972–2000)[47]
- Foresthill Bridge in Auburn, California – estimated 65 suicides since construction in 1973, actual number likely higher[48][49]
- George Washington Bridge between New Jersey and New York City – It has been averaging around 10 suicides per year and a record 18 in 2012.[50][51] 18-year-old Tyler Clementi jumped from the bridge in 2010 after being cyberbullied.
- George Washington Memorial Bridge ("Aurora Bridge"), Seattle, Washington – more than 230 suicides since 1932,[52] with more than 50 from 1997 to 2007[53]
- Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco, California – official count halted at 997 to prevent "record breakers"[3][4]
- Governor Thomas Johnson Bridge, Southern Maryland
- Jacques Cartier Bridge, Montreal, Quebec – more than 143 suicides. Suicide barriers were erected in 2004.[54]
- New River Gorge Bridge in Fayetteville, West Virginia[55][56]
- Niagara Falls – between 1856 and 1995 there were 2,780 known suicides; and there are 20 to 25 per year.[57]
- Prince Edward Viaduct, Toronto, Ontario – A suicide barrier was installed in 2003.
- Sunshine Skyway Bridge, Tampa Bay, Florida – At least 264 suicides by jumping from the center span into the waters of Tampa Bay since the opening of the new bridge in 1987. In response, the State of Florida installed crisis hotline phones and began 24-hour patrols.[58][59] The song "Skyway Avenue" by We The Kings is about two lovers who decide to jump to their deaths together from this bridge.[60]
- Tappan Zee Bridge, Tarrytown, New York – more than 30 suicides between 2002 and 2012; sometimes referred to as "the Golden Gate Bridge of the East"[61] This bridge was replaced in 2017 by a new twin span with fencing on its pedestrian/bicycle path to deter jumpers.
- Toronto Transit Commission subway and rapid transit network – 150 people have killed themselves, and there have been an additional 100 attempts between 1998 and 2007.[62][63][64]
- Vessel, New York City, New York – In the less than two years that the Vessel was open to the public, four people jumped to their deaths.[65] After the first three deaths, some limited changes were made to prevent suicide.[66] Following the fourth death, however, the Vessel has been closed indefinitely.[67]
- Vista Bridge, Portland, Oregon[68][69]
Oceania
Site | City | Region | Country | Notes and references | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Echo Point | Blue Mountains | New South Wales | Australia | [70] | |||||
Grafton Bridge | Auckland | Auckland | New Zealand | Suicide barriers were removed in 1996 after being in place for 60 years but replaced in 2003.[71] | |||||
Lawyer's Head | Dunedin | Otago | New Zealand | [72] | |||||
Mooney Mooney Bridge | Central Coast | New South Wales | Australia | Because of its height (making it a known suicide bridge), a fence was erected in 2003 to deter people from jumping off. The fence costed around $1,000,000.[73] | |||||
Story Bridge | Brisbane | Queensland | Australia | Brisbane's Story Bridge is notorious for its suicides, having been compared to the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco.[74] Free telephones have been installed on the bridge, and the bridge also has a three-metre-high safety barrier.[75] | |||||
Sydney Harbour Bridge | Sydney | New South Wales | Australia | Although the bridge is not as well-known for suicides as many others in Australia, the bridge has had numerous suicides and incidents (intentional or not) that occur on the bridge usually lead in death.[76] | The Gap | Sydney | New South Wales | Australia | Estimated to have roughly 50 suicides a year.[77] |
West Gate Bridge | Melbourne | Victoria | Australia | Had "up to one" suicide every three weeks.[78] Suicide rates on the bridge have dropped by 85% since prevention barriers were installed by the state government in 2009. |
South America
- Eduardo Villena Rey Bridge in Lima, Peru. The bridge had to be covered with large windows due to suicide rates. The street under the bridge is believed to be haunted.[79]
- São Paulo Metro, São Paulo, Brazil. The Metro, as other subway networks in Brazil, have a policy not to publicly disclose the number of suicides taking place in any given period to prevent further attempts.
- Third Bridge, Vitória, Brazil. The construction of a suicide prevention net is currently being discussed by public authorities and the concessionary of the bridge.[80]
- Viaducto García Cadena, Bucaramanga, Colombia[81]
- Costanera Center, Santiago, Chile.[82] Dubbed as the "suicide mall", the fifth floor and the surrounding stairs had to be covered with large fences due to suicide rates.[83]
See also
References
- ↑ 长江大桥成自杀圣地 专家建议装尼龙防护网 Archived 6 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Bateson, John (25 May 2012). "The Golden Gate Bridge's fatal flaw". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
Since it opened on May 27, 1937, there have been an estimated 1,600 deaths in which the body was recovered
- 1 2 Bone, James (13 October 2008). "The Times" (ECE). New York. Retrieved 23 October 2008.
- 1 2 "World's 10 most popular suicide destinations". retard zone. 27 August 2008. Retrieved 23 October 2008.
- ↑ Melina, Remy (19 April 2011). "How Did Teen Survive Fall from Golden Gate Bridge?". Retrieved 23 November 2013.
- ↑ "A barrier to hopeless souls". Baltimore Sun. 17 March 2014. Archived from the original on 17 March 2014.
- 1 2 Lah, Kyung (19 March 2009). "Desperate Japanese head to 'suicide forest'". CNN.com/Asia. Retrieved 10 April 2012.
'Especially in March, the end of the fiscal year, more suicidal people will come here because of the bad economy,' he said. 'It's my dream to stop suicides in this forest, but to be honest, it would be difficult to prevent all the cases here.'
- ↑ Adelstein, Jake (2 January 2018). "The YouTuber who filmed Japan's 'suicide forest' may have done something good". The Washington Post.
- ↑ "Ponte City text / MIKHAEL SUBOTZKY ARCHIVE". www.subotzkystudio.com.
- ↑ Basson, Monique (11 October 2012). "DA calling for safety measures". Kouga Express. Retrieved 15 October 2012.
- ↑ "New Delhi: 83 suicides at Metro stations in last 4 years, reveals RTI query". The Indian Express. 18 November 2018. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
- ↑ Im, Jeong-yo (20 September 2016). "Suicide attempts at Han River on the rise: data". Korea Herald. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
- ↑ "Seoul Stops Suicides from Han River Bridges With AI". Seoul Metropolitan Government. 16 June 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
- ↑ AuthorTelanganaToday. "Hussain Sagar turning into Suicide Sagar". Telangana Today. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
- ↑ Lasania, Yunus Y. (7 August 2016). "Hussainsagar, for many the lake of lost hope". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
- ↑ Kumar, Naveen (27 February 2018). "Hyderabad: Sagar's low fence to blame for suicides". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
- ↑ "Bridge Signs Used in South Korea Anti-Suicide Efforts". Public Radio International.
- ↑ "Seoul anti-suicide initiative backfires, deaths increase by more than six times". 26 February 2014.
- ↑ Ellis, Edward Robb; Allen, George N. (1961). Traitor within: our suicide problem. Doubleday. pp. 94–98. OCLC 445487.
- ↑ 自杀的相关问题 Archived 23 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine - 河北精神卫生,2001年
- ↑ "haunted rabindra sarobar station".
- ↑ "Petição Ponte Segura – pelo fim dos suicídios na ponte 25 de Abril".
- ↑ "Hoppskydd ska hindra självmord". Göteborgs-Posten. 17 August 2007.
- ↑ "Hornsey Lane Bridge Anti-Suicide Campaign". September 2011. Archived from the original on 20 October 2011. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
- ↑ "Suicide jump child 'already dead'". BBC News Online. BBC. 2 June 2009. Retrieved 2 June 2009.
- ↑ Çetin, Gürsel; Günay, Yasemin; Fincanci, Sebnem K.; Özdemir Kolusayin, R. (2001). "Suicides by jumping from Bosphorus Bridge in Istanbul". Forensic Science International. 116 (2–3): 157–162. doi:10.1016/S0379-0738(00)00370-4. PMID 11182267.
- ↑ Deegan, Gordon (21 January 2009). "Rangers stop four cliff suicides". Irish Independent.
- ↑ "Effect of barriers on the Clifton suspension bridge". 6 June 2006.
- ↑ "Tragedy of 90 deaths at suicide blackspot bridge". Herald.ie.
- ↑ Proske, Dirk (2004). Katalog der Risiken: Risiken und ihre Darstellung (Risk catalogue: Risks and their representations). Dresden: Eigenverlag. P. 146. Chap. 1.5: Soziale Risiken (Social risks), paragraph 1.5.1: Suizide (Suicide).
- ↑ Spiegel Online (2002). Wie eine Brücke zur Attraktion für Selbstmörder wurde (How a bridge becomes an attraction for suicide). Retrieved 3 April 2011.
- ↑ zero one film (2011). 2002: Teuflische Spiele Archived 22 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 3 April 2011.
- ↑ "Le pont rouge, a suicide bridge – The World Wide Panorama".
- ↑ "Bridge jump attempts prevented". BBC News. 13 June 2007. Retrieved 26 June 2010.
- ↑ Kleine Anfrage des Abg. Michael Theurer FDP/DVP und Antwort des Innenministeriums Vollvergitterung der Neckartalbrücke Weitingen (Autobahnbrücke Eyach) (PDF) (in German). 2007.
- ↑ "TfL Freedom of Information request detail: Underground Suicide Data". 27 August 2017.
- ↑ Weinreb, Ben; Hibbert, Christopher (1992). The London Encyclopaedia (reprint ed.). Macmillan. p. 542.
- ↑ "Mladík (†25) skočil z "Nuseláku"". AHA.cz.
- ↑ "INFOGRAPHIE – RATP : une trentaine de personnes meurent chaque année dans le métro ou le RER parisien".
- ↑ "El Viaducto de Segovia y los suicidios en Madrid, historia". 30 June 2014.
- ↑ "Help signs plan at suicide cliffs". 10 June 2003.
- ↑ Jõgeda, Tiina (17 January 2008). "Türisalu pank – enesetaputuristide Meka". Eesti Ekspress (in Estonian). Archived from the original on 6 December 2008. Retrieved 12 December 2011.
- ↑ "Skyddande räcke ska stoppa hopp från Västerbron". 5 July 2012.
- ↑ https://rib.msb.se/Filer/pdf/27633.pdf
- ↑ "Middletown mayor looks to curb suicides on Arrigoni Bridge". 18 August 2015.
- ↑ "Connecticut pursuing safety measures to prevent jumpers on Arrigoni Bridge". 29 July 2015.
- ↑ Hagstrom, Suzy (12 October 2000). "Through the Air into Darkness". San Diego Reader.
- ↑ "Foresthill Bridge scene of suicide plunge". 20 October 2009. Retrieved 5 November 2010.
- ↑ "Foresthill Bridge". 3 December 2007. Archived from the original on 5 May 2009. Retrieved 5 November 2010.
- ↑ Zabriskie, Phil. "The Mysteries of the Suicide Tourist". New York. New York Media LLC. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
- ↑ Messing, Philip (14 January 2013). "Sad GWB suicide record". New York Post. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
- ↑ Priscilla Long (14 March 2003). "Seattle's George Washington Memorial Bridge (Aurora Bridge) is dedicated on February 22, 1932". HistoryLink. Retrieved 15 January 2008.
- ↑ Lewis, Mike (2 October 2006). "City hopes to dissuade suicidal jumpers". The Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved 15 January 2008.
- ↑ "La barrière anti-suicide a prouvé son utilité" (in French). Le Devoir. 10 September 2007. Retrieved 25 August 2008.
- ↑ Janiskee, Bob (16 September 2008). "At New River Gorge National River, an Iconic Bridge Attracts Suicide Jumpers". National Parks Traveler. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
- ↑ Tyson, Daniel (25 August 2015). "Man dies after jumping from New River Gorge Bridge". Fayette Tribune. Register-Herald.com, The Register-Herald. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
- ↑ Hudson, Mike (27 May 2008). "Suicide season". Niagara Falls Reporter. Retrieved 5 January 2011.
- ↑ "The Sunshine Skyway Bridge Suicide Jumper Report".
- ↑ Jones, Jamie (6 October 2003). "Skyway safeguards don't deter jumpers". St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved 1 February 2007.
- ↑ "Song Meanings: Skyway Avenue". songmeanings.com.
- ↑ O'Connor, Timothy (14 October 2012). "High anxiety: Trooper fights fear to save would-be Tappan Zee jumpers". Newsday. Retrieved 16 October 2012.
- ↑ Torontoist (26 November 2009). "Subway Suicide Statistics Released".
- ↑ "Priority One: Suicides on the subway tracks—how many, how often and how to stop them | Toronto Life". Archived from the original on 10 August 2014. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
- ↑ Zittrer, Janna (15 April 2004). "Stopping the suicide train".
- ↑ Wong, Ashley; Gold, Michael (29 July 2021). "Fourth Suicide at the Vessel Leads to Calls for Higher Barriers". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
- ↑ News, Eyewitness (26 May 2021). "Manhattan's Vessel reopens with focus on suicide prevention". ABC7 New York. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
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has generic name (help) - ↑ Kirsch, Noah (29 July 2021). "Billionaire Developer Mulls Closing NYC Tourist Hot Spot After 14-Year-Old Leaps to His Death". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
- ↑ Stabler, David (2 February 2013). "Vista Bridge: Is it time to stop the dying at Portland's iconic bridge?". The Oregonian. Retrieved 22 September 2013.
- ↑ Stabler, David (9 July 2013). "Temporary suicide barriers to go up on Vista Bridge". The Oregonian. Retrieved 10 July 2013.
- ↑ https://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/echo_point
- ↑ Beautrais, Annette L.; Sheree J. Gibb; David M. Fergusson; L. John Horwood; Gregory Luke Larkin (June 2009). "Removing bridge barriers stimulates suicides: an unfortunate natural experiment" (PDF). Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 43 (6): 495–497. doi:10.1080/00048670902873714. PMID 19440879. S2CID 205398694. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 May 2010. Retrieved 18 August 2010.
- ↑ "Moral Dilemma" (PDF). City Talk. Dunedin City Council: 16–18. March 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 May 2010. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20110222044236/http://www.dadsindistress.asn.au/helpus.html
- ↑ https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/queensland/school-resumes-for-heartbroken-churchie-students-20120221-1tkyw.html
- ↑ http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/safety-barriers-for-story-bridge-20130206-2dxvl.html
- ↑ https://www.mamamia.com.au/dan-price/amp/
- ↑ Turnball, Malcolm (24 March 2010). "Tragedy amid the beauty at The Gap". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 5 January 2011.
- ↑ Mark Dunn; Anthony Dowsley (14 June 2008). "Anti-suicide barrier urged for West Gate Bridge". Herald Sun. Retrieved 5 January 2011.
- ↑ "Zona de Miedo: Los Fantasmas de Barranco y el Puente Villena".
- ↑ Magesky, Lais (21 January 2019). "Capixabas escolhem projeto de barreira rebaixada para Terceira Ponte". Gazeta Online (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 22 January 2019.
- ↑ Amorocho, Carlos (12 April 2012). "El viaducto de los suicidas" (in Spanish). Vanguardia Liberal.
- ↑ Siredey, Francisco (10 August 2019). "El precio de trabajar en el Costanera" (in Spanish). La Tercera.
- ↑ Hermosilla, Ignacio (8 April 2023). ""El mall de los suicidios": Fenómeno del Costanera Center y sus polémicas rejas llegan a medio español" (in Spanish). Radio Bio-Bio.
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