This is a list of wars involving Somalia in which Somali armed forces participated after independence.

  Somalia defeat
  Somalia victory
  Another result (e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result, result unknown or indecisive)
  Ongoing conflict
Date Conflict Allies Enemies Result
1529-1543 Ethiopian–Adal war[1] Adal Sultanate Ethiopian Empire Stalemate
  • Return to status quo ante bellum
1507-1542 Ajuran-Portuguese wars

Location: East Africa (modern Somalia)

 Ajuran Sultanate
 Ottoman Empire[2][3]		 Kingdom of Portugal Defeat
1586–1589 Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts[6]  Ottoman Empire

Supported by:

Adal Sultanate

Ajuran Sultanate

Mogadishu

Barawa

 Portuguese Empire Defeat

• Portuguese victory

1900–1920 Somaliland Campaign Dervish State
Supported by:
 Ottoman Empire
 Ethiopian Empire (1915-1917)		  British Empire
 Ethiopian Empire (1900-1904)
 Italian Empire		 Defeat
1964 1964 Ethiopian–Somali Border War Somalia Somalia
Supported by:
Syria Egypt[7]		 Ethiopian Empire Ethiopia
Supported by:
United States United States[8]		 Cease-fire
  • Return to status quo ante bellum
1977–1978 Ogaden War Somalia Somalia
WSLF
Supported by:
Egypt Egypt[9]
 Saudi Arabia[10][11]
Iraq Iraq[11][12]		  Ethiopia
 Cuba
 Soviet Union
 South Yemen[13]
Supported by:
 Israel[14][15]
 East Germany
 North Korea[16]		 Defeat[17][18]
1982 1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War  Somalia
Supported by:
United States United States		  Ethiopia Cease-fire
  • Ethiopian invasion halted[20][21]
  • Ethiopia occupies the border towns of Galdogob and Balanbale until 1988[22]
  • The United States delivers emergency military and economic aid to Somalia[20][23]
1981/1988/1991 (disputed) – present Somali Civil War  Somalia
 United States [24][25]
Supported by:
Italy[26]
Turkey[27]
United Kingdom[28]		 Al-Qaeda

Islamic State (from 2015)[29][30]

 Ongoing

References

  1. ↑ Gilkes, Patrick (2002-06-01). "Guerres dans la Corne de l'Afrique et le démantèlement de l'État somalien". Cadernos de Estudos Africanos (2): 89–102. doi:10.4000/cea.1280. hdl:10071/3126. ISSN 1645-3794.
  2. ↑ The Portuguese period in East Africa – p. 112
  3. ↑ Welch, Sidney R. (1950). Portuguese rule and Spanish crown in South Africa, 1581–1640. Juta. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-8426-1588-4.
  4. ↑ Stanley, Bruce (2007). "Mogadishu". In Dumper, Michael; Stanley, Bruce E. (eds.). Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 253. ISBN 978-1-57607-919-5.
  5. ↑ Knappert, Jan (1979). Four Centuries of Swahili Verse: A Literary History and Anthology. Heinemann. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-435-91702-9.
  6. ↑ Sewell, Bernadette; Farr, Angela; Akbari, Ashley; Carson-Stevens, Andrew; Dale, Jeremy; Edwards, Adrian; Evans, Bridie Angela; John, Ann; Torabi, Fatemeh; Jolles, Stephen; Kingston, Mark; Lyons, Jane; Lyons, Ronan A.; Porter, Alison; Watkins, Alan (2023-11-26). "The cost of implementing the COVID-19 shielding policy in Wales". BMC Public Health. 23 (1): 2342. doi:10.1186/s12889-023-17169-3. ISSN 1471-2458. PMC 10680245. PMID 38008730.
  7. ↑ Mekonnen, Teferi (2018). "The Nile issue and the Somali-Ethiopian wars (1960s–78)". Annales d'Éthiopie. 32: 271–291. doi:10.3406/ethio.2018.1657.
  8. ↑ Lefebvre, Jeffrey (1998). "The United States, Ethiopia and the 1963 Somali-Soviet Arms Deal: Containment and the Balance of Power Dilemma in the Horn of Africa". The Journal of Modern African Studies. 36 (4): 611–643. doi:10.1017/S0022278X98002870. JSTOR 161927. S2CID 154644957.
  9. ↑ Mekonnen, Teferi (2018). "The Nile issue and the Somali-Ethiopian wars (1960s–78)". Annales d'Éthiopie. 32: 271–291. doi:10.3406/ethio.2018.1657.
  10. ↑ Tareke 2000, p. 656.
  11. 1 2 Fitzgerald, Nina J. (2002). Somalia; Issues, History, and Bibliography. Nova Publishers. p. 64. ISBN 9781590332658.
  12. ↑ Malovany, Pesach (21 July 2017). Wars of Modern Babylon. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 9780813169453.
  13. ↑ "Ogaden Area recaptured by Ethiopian Forces with Soviet and Cuban Support -International Ramifications of Ethiopian-Somali Conflict – Incipient Soviet and Cuban Involvement in Ethiopian Warfare against Eritrean Secessionists -Political Assassinations inside Ethiopia". Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives). 1 May 1978.
  14. ↑ Lefebvre, Jeffrey Alan. Arms for the horn : U.S. Security Policy in Ethiopia and Somalia. University of Pitsburg Press. p. 188.
  15. ↑ "Arms and Rumors From East, West Sweep Ethiopia". Washington Postt. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  16. ↑ "North Korea's Military Partners in the Horn". The Diplomat. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
  17. ↑ Lapidoth, Ruth (1982). The Read Sea and the Gulf of Aden. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. ISBN 9024725011.
  18. ↑ Szajkowski, Bogdan (18 June 1981). Marxist Governments_ A World Survey_ Mozambique-Yugoslavia. Springer. p. 656. ISBN 9781349043323.
  19. ↑ Gorman 1981, p. 208
  20. 1 2 Cowell, Alan (8 October 1982). "Ethiopian Drive Against Somalia Bogs Down". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
  21. ↑ "Ethiopian and Somali Forces Withdrawn Under Agreement". The New York Times. 26 April 1988.
  22. ↑ "The History Guy: Ethiopia-Somalia Wars and Conflicts". Retrieved 21 July 2017.
  23. ↑ "Somalia: Status of the Armed Forces" (PDF). Central Intelligence Agency. March 1982. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
  24. ↑ "Al-Shabaab leader's fate unclear after suspected U.S. drone strike". CNN. Archived from the original on June 30, 2015. Retrieved September 2, 2014.
  25. ↑ "U.S. drone strike in Somalia targets al-Shabab leader". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 19, 2017. Retrieved September 12, 2017.
  26. ↑ "US special forces base, Italian army convoy attacked in Somalia". Al Jazeera. 30 September 2019.
  27. ↑ Liddon, Paul (13 July 2019). "The significance of Turkey's overseas military bases". AhvalNews. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  28. ↑ "First British troops arrive in Somalia as part of UN mission". The Guardian. 2 May 2016. Archived from the original on 2 May 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  29. ↑ "ISIL's First East African Affiliate Conducts Attacks in Somalia, Kenya". DefenseNews. December 29, 2015.
  30. ↑ "Somalia: Pro-ISIL militants, Al Shabaab clash in deadly Puntland infighting". Garowe Online. December 24, 2015. Archived from the original on January 26, 2016. Retrieved January 28, 2016.

Sources

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