This page indexes the individual year in film pages. Each year is annotated with its significant events.

19th century in film

Before Muybridge's 1878 work, photo sequences were not recorded in real-time because light-sensitive emulsions needed a long exposure time. The sequences were basically made as time-lapse recordings. It is possible that people at the time actually viewed such photographs come to life with a phénakisticope or zoetrope (this certainly happened with Muybridge's work).

  • 1833 – Since 1833 onwards, 'animated films' or rather animated effects began to be made with the use of phénakisticopes, zoetropes and praxinoscopes.
  • 1865Revolving, self-portrait by French photographer Nadar. Around 1865 he produced this series of self-portraits consisting of 12 frames showing different angles of him sitting still in a chair. Except for a smile in 1 frame, not even a fold in his jacket or a single hair seems to change between the different angles. This could be regarded as a predecessor to the chronophotography which Marey and Muybridge started to experiment with more than 10 years later. As the sequence revolves around space rather than time it is even more related to the bullet-time effect popularized by The Matrix about 135 years later. There's no clue if more than one camera was used in the shoot, but it's certainly well-executed.

1870s

  • 1874Passage de Vénus, first precedent of a film. On December 9, 1874, french astronomer Pierre Janssen and Brazilian engineer Francisco Antônio de Almeida using Janssen's 'photographic revolver' photograph the transit of the planet Venus across the Sun. They were purportedly taken in Japan. It is the oldest film on IMDb.
  • 1878
    • The Horse in Motion, British photographer Eadweard Muybridge take a series of "automatic electro-photographs" depicting the movement of a horse. Muybridge shot the photographs in June 1878. An additional card reprinted the single image of the horse "Occident" trotting at high speed, which had previously been published by Muybridge in 1877. The most famous of these electro-photographs is "Sallie Gardner" taken on June 19, 1878. Railroad tycoon Leland Stanford hired Muybridge to settle the questions of whether a galloping horse ever had all four of its feet off the ground. Muybridge's photos showed the horse with all four feet off the ground. Muybridge went on a lecture tour showing his photographs on a moving-image device he called the zoopraxiscope.
    • Le singe musicien, first animated movie using the praxinoscope.

1880s

Dickson Greeting; Men Boxing; Newark Athlete

1900s

1910s

1920s

1930s

1940s

1950s

1960s

1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

2020s

See also

References

  1. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lumiere-brothers
  2. https://moviessilently.com/2019/04/07/the-cabbage-patch-fairy-1900-a-silent-film-review/
  3. https://www.stylist.co.uk/visible-women/alice-guy-blache-the-cabbage-fairy-biography-first-film-fiction/205246
  4. "Library of Congress American Memory". Retrieved 2007-03-10.
  5. Musser, Charles (1997). Edison Motion Pictures, 1890-1900: An Annotated Filmography. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 34–35. ISBN 1-56098-567-4.
  6. Ramsaye, Terry (May 1922). "The Romantic History of the Motion Picture". Photoplay. New York City: Photoplay Publishing Company. 22 (6): 32–35, 95. Retrieved 2015-02-26.
  7. Russo (1987), pp. 6–7. For rebuttal of Russo's claim, see, e.g., Dixon (2003), p. 53; Justin DeFreitas, "Moving Pictures: Documentary Puts Modern Gay Cinema in Context", Berkeley Daily Planet, July 7, 2006 (available online).
  8. See Movies of the 90s, ed. Juergen Mueller (Bonn: Taschen, 2001), p. 147. See also Larry P. Gross, Up from Invisibility: Lesbians, Gay Men, and the Media in America (New York: Columbia University Press, 2001), p. 57. Gross also erroneously calls it a "five-minute avant-garde film" and describes the men as dancing to music "played on an Edison gramophone", though he does properly state that "we don't know what Dickson intended this light-hearted scene to suggest" (ibid.). The passage is adapted from a section introduction written by Gross for The Columbia Reader on Lesbians & Gay Men in Media, Society, and Politics, ed. Larry P. Gross and James D. Woods (New York: Columbia University Press, 1999), p. 291.
  9. https://viterbi-web.usc.edu/~jdsolomo/itp104/assignment_06/home.html
  10. https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1340117/
  11. https://www.victorian-cinema.net/toscano.php
  12. https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0784006/#:~:text=Hiralal%20Sen(1868%2D1917)&text=He%20was%20the%20son%20of,the%20Star%20Theatre%20in%20Calcutta.
  13. "World's first colour film footage viewed for first time". BBC News England. 12 September 2012. Retrieved 14 September 2012.
  14. McKernan, Luke (2018). Charles Urban: Pioneering the Non-Fiction Film in Britain and America, 1897-1925. University of Exeter Press. ISBN 978-0859892964.

Sources

  • The Silent Cinema Reader edited by Lee Grieveson and Peter Kramer
  • Movies of the 30s, edited by Jürgen Müller, Taschen
  • The Magic of Méliès, documentary by Jacques Mény, special collector's edition DVD, Spain
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