Marlin (firmware)
Developer(s)Marlin core team + Marlin community
Initial releaseDecember 2011 (2011-12)
Stable release
2.1.2 / December 18, 2022
Written inC++ core
Operating systemArduino platform
Platform8-bit AVR and 32-bit ARM based microcontroller units
Type3D printing
LicenseGPLv3
Websitemarlinfw.org

Marlin is open source firmware originally designed for RepRap project FDM (fused deposition modeling) 3D printers using the Arduino platform.[1][2][3]

Once the firmware has been compiled from C++ source code; it is installed and runs on a mainboard with onboard components and general-purpose I/O pins to control and communicate with other components. For control the firmware receives input from a USB port or attached media in the form of G-code commands instructing the machine what to do. For example, the command G1 X10 tells the machine to perform a smooth linear move of the X axis to position 10. The main loop manages all of the machine's real-time activities like commanding the stepper motors through stepper drivers, controlling heaters, sensors, and lights, managing the display and user interface, etc.[4]

Marlin supports many different types of 3D printing robot platforms, including basic Cartesian, Core XY, Delta, and SCARA printers, as well as some other less conventional designs like Hangprinter[2][5] and Beltprinter.

In addition to 3D printers, Marlin is generally adaptable to any machine requiring control and interaction. It has been used to drive SLA and SLS 3D printers, custom CNC mills, laser engravers (or laser beam machining), laser cutters, vinyl cutters, pick-and-place machines, foam cutters, and egg painting robots.[3][6][7]

History

Marlin was first created in 2011 for the RepRap and Ultimaker printers by combining elements from the open source Grbl and Sprinter projects. Development continued at a slow pace while gaining in popularity and acceptance as a superior alternative to the other available firmware. By 2015, companies were beginning to introduce commercial 3D printers with Marlin pre-installed and contributing their improvements to the project. Early machines included the Ultimaker 1, the TAZ series by Aleph Objects and the Prusa i3 by Prusa Research.

By 2018 manufacturers had begun to favor boards with more powerful and efficient ARM processors, often at a lower cost than the AVR boards they supplant. After extensive refactoring Marlin 2.0 was officially released in late 2019 with full support for 32-bit ARM-based controller boards through a lightweight extensible hardware access layer.[8][9] While Marlin 1.x had only supported 8-bit AVR (e.g., ATMega) and ATSAM3X8E (Due) platforms, the HAL added ATSAMD51 (Grand Central), Espressif ESP32, NXP LPC176x, and STMicro STM32. Marlin also acquired HAL code to run natively on Linux, Mac, and Windows, but only within a simulation for debugging purposes.

As of October 2022, Marlin is still under active development and continues to be very popular, claiming to be "the most widely used 3D printing firmware in the world."[2] Some of the most successful companies using Marlin today are Ultimaker, LulzBot, Prusa Research, and Creality.

Marlin firmware is not alone in the field of open source 3D printer firmware. Other popular open source firmware offerings include RepRap Firmware by Duet3D, Buddy Firmware by Prusa Research, and Klipper by the Klipper Foundation. These alternatives take advantage of extra processing power to offer advanced features like input shaping, which has only recently been added to Marlin.[10]

Development

Marlin firmware is hosted on GitHub, where it is developed and maintained by a community of contributors. Marlin's lead developer is Scott Lahteine (aka Thinkyhead), an independent shareware and former Amiga game developer who joined the project in 2014.[11][3] His work is entirely supported by crowdfunding.

Marlin is written in optimized C++ for the Arduino API in a mostly embedded-C++ style, which avoids the use of dynamic memory allocation. The firmware can be built with Arduino IDE, PlatformIO, or Auto Build Marlin extension for visual studio code. The latter method is recommended because it is very easy but it only being an VSC extension requires VSC to be installed on the building system first.

License

Marlin is distributed under the GPL license which requires that organizations and individuals share their source code if they distribute the firmware in binary form, including firmware that comes pre-installed on the mainboard. Vendors have occasionally failed to comply with the license, leading to some distributors dropping their products.

In 2018 the US distributor Printed Solid ended its relationship with Creality due to GPL violations and quality issues.[12]

As of 2022, some vendors are still spotty in their compliance, deflecting customer requests for the source code for an extended period or in perpetuity after a product release.[13]

Usage and license compliance

Marlin firmware is used by several 3D printer manufacturers, most of which are fully compliant with the license. Compliance is tracked by Tim Hoogland of TH3D Studio, et. al.. The following table may be out of date by the time you read this.

Company GPL compliance
Aleph Objects' Lulzbot printers[14][15] Yes[16]
Anet[17]
Artillery 3D Yes[18]
AnyCubic Yes[19]
Alphawise[20] Yes[16]
Bibo[17]
BQ[17]
BCN3D[21] Yes
BCN3D[22] Yes
BIQU/BTT[23] Yes
Creality[24][25] No: CR-X[26]

Yes: CR-10S and Ender3[27]

FLSun Yes[16]
FolgerTech[17]
Geeetech Yes[16]
JGAurora[28] No: A8, A7, Z-603S[16]

Yes: A1, A5S, A3S, A5

LMYSTAR No[16]
Makerbase Yes[29]
Mingda No
Printrbot[30] Yes
Prusa Research Yes, and they base their custom firmware on Marlin[31]
Sunlu No[16]
Tevo No[16]
TronXY No[16]
Ultimaker[32] Yes[16]
Wanhao Yes[16]
Zonestar Yes[16]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Marlin 1.1 Beginner Guide for 3D Printer Firmware | 3DAddict". 3DAddict. 2017-07-26. Retrieved 2018-08-04.
  2. 1 2 3 Thomas Sanladerer (2018-08-04), How it's Made: The Marlin Firmware!, retrieved 2018-08-04
  3. 1 2 3 "mUVe3D releases improved Marlin firmware for all 3D printers". 3ders.org. Retrieved 2018-08-04.
  4. ↑ "3D Printering: Trinamic TMC2130 Stepper Motor Drivers". Hackaday. 2016-09-30. Retrieved 2018-08-04.
  5. ↑ Thomas Sanladerer (2016-08-20), [2016 version] How to set up the Marlin firmware!, retrieved 2018-08-04
  6. ↑ "3D printing on eggs: 50% infill, one shell?". 3ders.org. Retrieved 2018-08-04.
  7. ↑ "Custom Built 3D Printer / CNC Mill marlin firmware help". 3D Hubs. Retrieved 2018-08-04.
  8. ↑ "R/3Dprinting - Marlin Firmware 2.0.0 final has been tagged for release".
  9. ↑ "New Part Day: ST's 32-Bit 3D Printer Controller". Hackaday. 2016-07-19. Retrieved 2018-08-04.
  10. ↑ "Marlin Input Shaping". GitHub.
  11. ↑ "Marlin 3D printer firmware developer 'thinkyhead' seeking support". 3ders.org. Retrieved 2018-08-04.
  12. ↑ "GPL Violations Cost Creality a US Distributor". Hackaday. 2018-08-27. Retrieved 2018-08-29.
  13. ↑ "Known GPL violations list on webpage". Marlin GitHub, issue 24801. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
  14. ↑ "Marlin". code.alephobjects.com. Archived from the original on 2019-10-10. Retrieved 2018-08-04.
  15. ↑ "Aleph Objects Debuts Aerostruder v2 Micro Tool Head | All3DP". All3DP. Retrieved 2018-08-22.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "3D Printer Companies". 3D Printer - Known License Violators. 2018-04-05. Archived from the original on 2018-08-29. Retrieved 2018-08-29.
  17. 1 2 3 4 "MarlinFirmware/Marlin". GitHub. Retrieved 2018-08-07.
  18. ↑ Ciprian. "Artillery Genius Firmware With Marlin 2.0.5.3". 3D Print Beginner. Retrieved 2020-05-24.
  19. ↑ "AnyCubic returns to GPL compliance! Chiron Firmware source released". 3D Printer - Known License Violators. 2018-08-27. Archived from the original on 2018-08-29. Retrieved 2018-08-29.
  20. ↑ "Alfawise U10 : une imprimante 3D grand format à prix très agressif". Génération-NT (in French). Retrieved 2018-08-07.
  21. ↑ "BCN3D/BCN3DSigma-Firmware". GitHub. Retrieved 2018-08-07.
  22. ↑ "BCN3D/BCN3DSigma-Firmware". GitHub. Retrieved 2018-08-07.
  23. ↑ "BTT/BIQU Firmware". GitHub. Retrieved 2021-11-11.
  24. ↑ 3D Printing Nerd (2018-04-09), Creality GPL Update - Naomi Wu Released CR-10S Marlin Source Code, retrieved 2018-08-04{{citation}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  25. ↑ "First Completely Open Source 3D Printer from China". 3D Printer - Known License Violators. 2018-07-09. Archived from the original on 2018-08-07. Retrieved 2018-08-07.
  26. ↑ "A disappointing month for GPL compliance". 3D Printer - Known License Violators. 2018-08-26. Archived from the original on 2018-08-29. Retrieved 2018-08-29.
  27. ↑ Solid, Printed. "We are ending our relationship with Creality". Printed Solid. Retrieved 2018-08-29.
  28. ↑ "JGAurora release A3S and A5 GPL compliant source code". 3D Printer - Known License Violators. 2018-04-16. Archived from the original on 2018-08-07. Retrieved 2018-08-07.
  29. ↑ Ciprian (5 March 2020). "Sapphire Plus Review - Affordable CoreXY". 3D Print Beginner. Retrieved 2020-05-24.
  30. ↑ "Printrbot/Marlin". GitHub. Retrieved 2018-08-04.
  31. ↑ "Prusa Shows Us the New i3 MK2 3D Printer and Where the Community is Headed". Hackaday. 2016-06-15. Retrieved 2018-08-04.
  32. ↑ "Ultimaker/Ultimaker2Marlin". GitHub. Retrieved 2018-08-04.
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