Montgomery Clift
Studio publicity photograph, c. 1948
Born
Edward Montgomery Clift

(1920-10-17)October 17, 1920
Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.
DiedJuly 23, 1966(1966-07-23) (aged 45)
New York City, U.S.
Other namesMonty Clift
OccupationActor
Years active1935–1966

Edward Montgomery Clift (/mɒntˈɡʌməri/; October 17, 1920 – July 23, 1966) was an American actor. A four-time Academy Award nominee, he was known for his portrayal of "moody, sensitive young men", according to The New York Times.[1][2]

He is best remembered for his roles in Howard Hawks's Red River (1948), George Stevens's A Place in the Sun (1951), Fred Zinnemann's From Here to Eternity (1953), Stanley Kramer's Judgment at Nuremberg (1961), and John Huston's The Misfits (1961).

Along with Marlon Brando and James Dean, Clift was considered one of the original method actors in Hollywood (though Clift distanced himself from the term); he was one of the first actors to be invited to study in the Actors Studio with Lee Strasberg and Elia Kazan.[3] He also executed a rare move by not signing a contract after arriving in Hollywood, only doing so after his first two films were a success. This was described as "a power differential that would go on to structure the star–studio relationship for the next 40 years".[4] A documentary titled Making Montgomery Clift was made by his nephew in 2018, to clarify myths that were created about the actor.[5]

Early life

Clift and Lois Hall in the Broadway production of Patricia Collinge's Dame Nature (1938)

Edward Montgomery Clift was born on October 17, 1920, in Omaha, Nebraska. His father, William Brooks "Bill" Clift (1886–1964), was the vice-president of Omaha National Trust Company.[6] His mother was Ethel Fogg "Sunny" Clift (née Anderson; 1888–1988). His parents were Quakers and met as students at Cornell University, marrying in 1914.[7][8] Clift had a twin sister, Roberta (who later went by "Ethel"), who survived him by 48 years, and an older brother, William Brooks Clift, Jr. (1919–1986), known as "Brooks," who had a son with actress Kim Stanley and was later married to political reporter Eleanor Clift.[9] Clift had English and Scottish ancestry on his father's side, wealthy relatives who hailed from Chattanooga, Tennessee. His mother, Sunny, was adopted; she maintained that Clift’s true maternal great-grandfathers were the US postmaster-general Montgomery Blair and Union commander Robert Anderson, a part of her lineage that was clarified to her (when she came of age) by Dr. Edward Montgomery, the family doctor who delivered her.[10][11] She spent the rest of her life trying to gain the recognition of her alleged relations.

Part of Clift's mother's effort was her determination that her children should be brought up in the style of aristocrats. Thus, as long as Clift's father was able to pay for it, he and his siblings were privately tutored, travelled extensively in America and Europe, became fluent in German and French, and led a protected life, sheltered from the destitution and communicable diseases that became legion following the First World War.[12] At age 7, while aboard a European ship, a boy forced Clift’s head underwater in the swimming pool for so long that a gland in his neck burst from his struggle to breathe; he had a long scar from the resulting infection and operation.[13][14] The Wall Street Crash of 1929 and the Great Depression of the 1930s ruined Clift's father financially; Bill was forced to downsize and move to Chicago to take a new job while Sunny continued traveling with the children. In a 1957 issue of McCall’s magazine, Clift quipped, "My childhood was hobgoblin, my parents traveled a lot…That’s all I can remember."[15]

Early theater career: 1934–1946

Clift had shown an interest in acting and theatrics as a child living in Switzerland and France but did not take the initiative to go out for a part in a local production until age 13, when his family was forced to downsize and relocate from Chicago to Sarasota, Florida. He had a small non-paying role.[16] Close to a year later the family moved again, settling in New York City. Clift debuted on Broadway at age 14 as Harmer Masters in the comedy Fly Away Home, which ran from January to July 1935 at the 48th Street Theatre. The New York World-Telegram noticed Clift’s "amazing poise and dexterity" while producer Theo Bamberger commended him for what he called a "natural histrionic instinct."[17] Clift spent a short time at the Dalton School in Manhattan but struggled with traditional schooling.[18][19] He continued to flourish onstage and appeared in works by Moss Hart and Cole Porter, Robert Sherwood, Lillian Hellman, Tennessee Williams, and Thornton Wilder, creating the part of Henry in the original production of The Skin of Our Teeth.[20] Clift proved to be a successful young stage actor working with, among others, Dame May Whitty, Alla Nazimova, Mary Boland, Cornelia Otis Skinner, Fredric March, Tallulah Bankhead, Alfred Lunt, and Lynn Fontanne. In 1939, as a member of the cast of the 1939 Broadway production of Noël Coward's Hay Fever, Clift participated in one of the first television broadcasts in the United States. The Hay Fever performance was broadcast by NBC's New York television station W2XBS (the forerunner of WNBC) and was aired during the 1939 New York World's Fair.[21] At age 20, he appeared in the Broadway production of There Shall Be No Night, a work that won the 1941 Pulitzer Prize for Drama.

Clift also had participated in radio broadcasts early in his career, though, according to one critic, he hated the medium.[22] On May 24, 1944, he was part of the cast of Eugene O'Neill's Ah, Wilderness! for The Theatre Guild on the Air.[23] In 1949, as part of the promotional campaign for the film The Heiress, he played Heathcliff in the one-hour version of Wuthering Heights for Ford Theatre.[24] In January 1951, he participated in the episode "The Metal in the Moon" for the series Cavalcade of America, sponsored by the chemical company DuPont Company. Also in 1951, Clift was cast for the first time as Tom in the radio world premiere of Tennessee Williams' The Glass Menagerie, with Helen Hayes (Amanda) and Karl Malden (the Gentleman Caller), for The Theatre Guild on the Air.[25]

Clift did not serve during World War II, having been given 4-F status after suffering dysentery in 1942. Immediately following the end of the war in September 1945 (in what would be Clift's penultimate Broadway performance) he starred in the stage adaptation of D.H. Lawrence's short story You Touched Me. He and actor Kevin McCarthy later wrote a screenplay for a film adaptation that was never made.[26] By this time, Clift had developed what would come to be regarded as his signature acting style and biggest impact on the future of modern film acting, as told by biographer Robert LaGuardia:

He managed to convince the audience that he was unmitigated male sexuality without making a vulgar display of himself, as most other actors of his age and type would have. How? He used inner silence, unusual pauses in his speeches, awkward body movements. He spoke so quietly that at times he was practically inaudible. He shifted his moods erratically, from a brooding pose to a bursting smile. These were extremely unorthodox, risky procedures, and had the effect of involving the audience with him, an exceedingly selfish aim if one thinks only in terms of the play, but a daring and stupendously courageous maneuver when one thinks of the ground he was breaking.[27]

Career

Rise to film stardom: 1946–1956

Clift at the premiere of A Place in the Sun (1951)

At age 25, Clift's first Hollywood film role was opposite John Wayne in the Western film Red River; director Howard Hawks was impressed by his recent stage performance and was willing to sign him with no strings attached, which greatly appealed to Clift's sense of independence.[28] Although filmed in 1946, the film was delayed release until August 1948. A critical and commercial success, the film was nominated for two Academy Awards.[29]

Clift's second film role (though it premiered first that same year) was The Search, which earned him his first nomination for an Academy Award for Best Actor. Clift's naturalistic performance led to director Fred Zinnemann's being asked, "Where did you find a soldier who can act so well?" Clift was unhappy with the quality of the script, and reworked it himself.[30] The film was awarded a screenwriting Academy Award for the credited writers.[31] MGM distributed the film nationwide as magazines generated massive attention for Clift.

Paramount Pictures ended up offering him the best of any incoming studio offer (which he accepted): a three-film deal (down from the typical seven-year contract) that came with the freedom to turn down any script and any director, as well as the right for either himself or the studio to terminate the agreement at any time.

Every major Hollywood studio wanted to make a deal with Clift and was collectively shocked that a young actor could command such leverage after the release of a single film: "the death knell of the producers and the moguls, and the birth of Actor Power."[32] Clift was on the cover of Life magazine by December 1948. Look magazine gave him its Achievement Award and called him "the most promising star on the Hollywood horizon.[33]

Clift's first film for Paramount was The Heiress (1949). While director William Wyler notably had difficulty with his poor posture, co-star Olivia de Havilland expressed difficulty with his seriousness, saying that "Monty was painstaking and I liked that about him, but I had a sense that Monty was thinking almost entirely of himself and leaving me out of the scene."[34]

He tended to funnel most of his energy into intense rehearsals with acting coach Mira Rostova who accompanied him on set. Overall he ended up unhappy with his performance and left early during the film's premiere. The following summer in 1949, Clift shot The Big Lift in Berlin. It was intended to be more of a semi-documentary, pro-America wartime film and less an acting vehicle,[35] but was still a welcome opportunity for Clift to portray a U.S. soldier.

Clift's next role as the drifter George Eastman in A Place in the Sun (1951) is regarded as one of his signature method acting performances. He worked extensively on his character, and was again nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor. For his character's scenes in jail, Clift spent a night in a real state prison.

His main acting rival (and fellow Omaha native), Marlon Brando, was so moved by Clift's performance that he voted for Clift to win the Academy Award for Best Actor, sure that he would win, while Clift voted for Brando in A Streetcar Named Desire.[36][37]

A Place in the Sun was critically acclaimed; Charlie Chaplin called it "the greatest movie made about America". The film received added media attention due to the rumors that Clift and co-star Elizabeth Taylor were dating in real life.

After a break, Clift committed himself to three more films, all of which premiered during 1953: I Confess to be directed by Alfred Hitchcock, Vittorio De Sica's Terminal Station, and Fred Zinnemann's From Here to Eternity , which earned Clift his third Academy Award nomination (the second of two nominations for films directed by Zinnemann). For the latter, Clift committed to building strength and endurance by jogging laps around Hollywood High School, learning boxing from Mushy Callahan and author James Jones, and how to imitate playing the bugle and reading sheet music from trumpeter Mannie Klein for the role of middleweight boxer and bugle-playing soldier Private Robert E. Lee Prewitt.[38] During the casting of From Here to Eternity, Harry Cohn opposed Clift for the part of Prewitt,[39] opting for John Derek or Aldo Ray instead.[40] However, Jones and Zinnemann preferred Clift and personally campaigned for him for the role.[41][42] Clift visited Jones several times at his homes in Arizona and Illinois and modeled the character after Jones himself.[43] After seeing the film, Jones commended Clift for his portrayal of Prewitt.[44] Clift supported and mentored Frank Sinatra in his role as Private Angelo Maggio.[45][46][47] Sinatra later said, "I learned more about acting from him than I ever knew before".[48]

Car crash

On the evening of May 12, 1956, while filming Raintree County, Clift was involved in a serious car crash after leaving a dinner party hosted by Elizabeth Taylor and her husband, Michael Wilding.[49] Clift had veered off one of the twisting hairpin turns and smashed into a telephone pole and the surrounding cliffside. Alerted by friend Kevin McCarthy, who witnessed the collision, Taylor found Clift under the shattered dashboard, conscious but bleeding and swelling rapidly.[50] She pulled out a hanging tooth that was cutting into his tongue before accompanying him into the ambulance.[51]

He suffered a concussion, broken jaw, broken nose, fractured sinuses, fractured cheekbones, and several facial lacerations that required plastic surgery.[52][53] In a filmed interview years later in 1963, Clift described his injuries in detail, including how his broken nose could be snapped back into place.

After a two-month recovery period, Clift returned to the set to finish the film. Despite the studio's concerns over profits, Clift correctly predicted the film would do well, if only because moviegoers would flock to see the difference in his facial appearance before and after the crash.[54]

Although the results of Clift's plastic surgeries were remarkable for the time, there were noticeable differences in his facial appearance, particularly the left side of his face, which was nearly immobile.

Continued pain from his injuries led him to rely on alcohol and pills for relief, as he had done after an earlier bout with dysentery left him with chronic intestinal problems. As a result, Clift's health and physical appearance deteriorated.

Later film career: 1957–1966

Clift in the trailer for The Young Lions (1958)

For the next nine years, Clift made nearly as many films after his traumatic car accident as he had previously. Still, the last half of his 20-year career has been referred to as the "longest suicide in Hollywood history" by acting teacher Robert Lewis because of Clift's subsequent abuse of painkillers and alcohol.[55] He began to behave erratically in public, which embarrassed his friends. His next four films were The Young Lions (1958), which is the only film featuring both Clift and Marlon Brando, Lonelyhearts (1958), Suddenly, Last Summer (1959) and Elia Kazan's Wild River, released in 1960.

With his next two films, The Misfits (1961) and Judgment at Nuremberg (1961), Clift pivoted to somewhat smaller supporting or cameo roles that required less overall screen time while still delivering demanding performances. Playing the faded rodeo rider Perce Howland in The Misfits, his first, introductory scene, performed inside a phone booth, only took two hours of the scheduled two shooting days, which impressed cast and crew.[56] Marilyn Monroe (in what was to be her last filmed role) was also having emotional and substance abuse problems at the time; she described Clift in a 1961 interview as "the only person I know who is in even worse shape than I am".

In his 12-minute cameo scene in Judgment at Nuremberg (1961), Clift played a developmentally disabled German baker who had been a victim of the Nazi sterilisation programme testifying at the Nuremberg trials. Clift was willing to waive his fee entirely, accepting the supporting part with minimum compensation.[57][58] His anguished performance (which earned him his fourth Academy Award nomination) was often thought to be due to his own nervous breakdown.[59] Director Stanley Kramer later wrote in his memoirs that Clift "wasn't always close to the script, but whatever he said fitted in perfectly" and that he suggested Clift turn to Spencer Tracy to "ad lib something" when he struggled to remember his lines for his one scene.[60] In nephew Robert Anderson Clift's 2018 documentary, superimposed pages of Clift's own heavily annotated original script show that the actor was actually deliberately and consciously performing with his own rewritten dialogue as opposed to confused improvisation.[61][62] On a taped phone call, Clift said that he played the character in a way that "holds onto himself, in spite of himself" with dignity.[63]

Clift in Judgment at Nuremberg (1961)

After completing John Huston's Freud: The Secret Passion (1962), Universal Studios sued him for his frequent absences that caused the film to go over budget. Clift countersued with the assertion that he struggled to keep up with an overwhelming volume of last-minute script revisions and that an accidental blow to both eyes on set gave him cataracts.[64][65][66] The case was later settled out of court with evidence in Clift's favor, but the damage to Clift's reputation as unreliable and troublesome endured. As a consequence, he was unable to find film work for four years. The film's success at the box office brought numerous awards for screenwriting and directing, but none for Clift himself.

On January 13, 1963, a few weeks after the initial release of Freud, Clift appeared on the live television discussion program The Hy Gardner Show, where he spoke at length about the release of his current film, his film career, and his treatment by the press. He also talked publicly for the first time about his 1956 car accident, the injuries he received, and its after-effects on his appearance. During the interview, Gardner jokingly mentioned that it is "the first and last appearance on a television interview program for Montgomery Clift".

Barred from feature films, Clift turned to voice work. In 1964, he recorded for Caedmon Records The Glass Menagerie, with Jessica Tandy, Julie Harris, and David Wayne. In 1965, he gave voice to William Faulkner's writings in the television documentary William Faulkner's Mississippi, which aired in April 1965.[67]

During this time, Peter Bogdanovich was working at a cinema in New York City when Clift came to see a revival screening of one of his early films – I Confess (1953) – and decided to show him the guestbook where a cinema patron had written down a film request for "Anything with Montgomery Clift!"[68]

Elizabeth Taylor put her salary on the line as insurance in order to have Clift cast as her co-star in Reflections in a Golden Eye, to be directed by John Huston.[69] In preparation for the shooting of this film, Clift accepted the role of James Bower in the French Cold War thriller The Defector, which was filmed in West Germany from February to April 1966. He insisted on performing his stunts himself, including swimming in the river Elbe in March. The schedule for Reflections in a Golden Eye was then set for August 1966, but Clift died in July 1966. Marlon Brando was cast as his replacement.

Personal life

Clift is said to have valued privacy and ambiguity in his personal life, though he was known to be friendly and affectionate, blurring the emotions of platonic love and sexual attraction, particularly with close friend Elizabeth Taylor. Paramount Pictures arranged for her to attend the Los Angeles premiere of The Heiress as Clift's date to generate publicity.[70] Paramount executive Luigi Luraschi remembered that Taylor, just like many American teenagers, seemed "unmistakably in love" with Clift around the time of filming A Place in the Sun,[71] which commenced soon after their premiere outing.

Throughout the 1950s, Clift and Taylor starred together as romantic leads in a total of three films: A Place in the Sun, Raintree County and Suddenly, Last Summer. Their romantic scenes in A Place in the Sun received considerable acclaim for their naturalness and authentic appearance. Taylor remained a loyal friend to Clift until his death.

In 2000, at the GLAAD Media Awards, where Taylor was honored for her work for the LGBT community, she made the first public declaration by anyone that Clift was gay and called him her closest friend and confidant.[72] Clift's brother claimed he was bisexual.[73] When Clift began therapy in late 1950, he informed his psychiatrist that he was homosexual and was struggling to cope with it.[74] After his death, in a taped telephone conversation with his brother, Clift's mother stated that she had known Clift was homosexual early on.[75]

Many of Clift's biographers cite his relationships with men and a few women based on friends' accounts and interviews. He was linked to actresses Libby Holman[76][77] and Phyllis Thaxter.[78][79][80] However, Clift's longest relationships were with men. He was involved with the Adventures of Superman actor Jack Larson and theater actor William LeMassena,[81][82] with whom he had a three-year relationship. LeMassena remained a close friend to Clift until his death. He described their relationship with fondness and kept taped film reels of Clift and the company of There Shall Be No Night enjoying leisure time together.[83]

Clift was deeply and intensely involved with Broadway choreographer Jerome Robbins; very few associates were aware of how intimate and emotionally charged the relationship between the pair was.[84] Clift and Robbins camouflaged their relationship by dating women.[85][86][87] In 1948, when Clift left Robbins to pursue a movie career in Hollywood, the announcement devastated Robbins.[88][89] He told Clift "I could make you love me," at the end of their two-year affair.[90]

Robbins is said to have conceived the basic plot of West Side Story after Clift shared the idea with him, according to actor Russ Tamblyn. In 2021, Tamblyn recalled that Robbins "told us on the set one day that the idea really came from Montgomery Clift, who was Jerry's boyfriend at the time... He said that he was with Monty at a party on Fire Island … [and Clift said] 'I've got an idea for a musical. Why not have a musical about Romeo and Juliet but make it with gangs in New York?' And Jerry said that he just couldn't get it out of his head."[91] Robbins called Clift a "theatrical genius" early on in their affair.[92]

In the early 1950s, Barney Balaban (president of Paramount Pictures) invited Clift on one of the Balaban family vacations to Nassau, Bahamas. Judy Balaban, his daughter, claimed that she had an immediate connection with Clift and the two were "joined at the hip," dating for many months following.[93] She attended the New York premiere of A Place in the Sun in August 1951 as his date.

Prior to his involvement with Balaban, Clift had received a barrage of blackmail phone calls at his residence, threatening to out him as homosexual, which resulted in his having to repeatedly change his number.[94]

While the press assumed that Balaban and Clift were an item, Clift secretly dated British actor Roddy McDowall. According to Balaban, she was naïve about Clift's homosexuality and his romantic involvement with the young English actor, who would occasionally accompany them on public outings.[95][96]

McDowall was introduced to Clift by his Lassie Come Home co-star Elizabeth Taylor.[97] During the two and a half years that Clift stayed away from films, McDowall's career was nonexistent.[98][99] McDowall devoted himself entirely to Clift and moved from Los Angeles to New York to be closer to his idol.[100] Reportedly, McDowall attempted suicide after their breakup.[101] Nevertheless, he showed no bitterness and would also remain one of Clift's loyal friends.[102] McDowall starred with Clift in his final picture, The Defector. Clift later stated that he could never have finished the film without McDowall's moral support.[103]

While filming for Vittorio De Sica in Italy, Clift had a romance with Truman Capote.[104][105] Author James Jones and Clift became very close during the filming of From Here to Eternity. Jones publicly stated, "I would have had an affair with him, but he never asked me."[106]

One of Clift's first intimate relationships was with composer Lehman Engel.[107][108] He was also involved with Donald Windham and his partner Sandy Campbell.[109][110] In his memoir, Arthur Laurents suggests that Clift had a fling with Farley Granger.[111]

Clift was also friends with Marlon Brando, who dropped by his home offering to accompany him to Alcoholics Anonymous meetings.[112]

Clift supported Adlai Stevenson in the 1952 United States presidential election.[113]

Death

Montgomery Clift's former townhouse with green painted front door, where he died, located at 217 East 61st Street, Manhattan, New York City.[114]

On July 22, 1966, Clift was in his New York City townhouse, located at 217 East 61st Street. He and his private nurse and companion, Lorenzo James, had not spoken much all day. After midnight, shortly before 1:00 a.m., James went to his own bedroom to sleep, without saying another word to Clift.

At 6:30 a.m., James woke up and went to wake Clift, but found the bedroom door closed and locked. Concerned and unable to break the door down, James ran down to the back garden and climbed up a ladder to enter through the second-floor bedroom window. Inside, he found Clift dead: he was undressed, lying in his bed still wearing his eyeglasses and with both fists clenched by his side. James used the bedroom telephone to call some of Clift's personal physicians and the medical examiner's office before an ambulance arrived.[115]

Clift's body was taken to the city morgue about 2 miles (3.2 km) away at 520 First Avenue, and autopsied. The autopsy report cited the cause of death as a heart attack brought on by "occlusive coronary artery disease". No evidence was found that suggested foul play or suicide.

It is commonly believed that drug addiction was responsible for Clift's many health problems and his death. In addition to lingering effects of dysentery and chronic colitis, an underactive thyroid was later revealed during the autopsy. The condition (among other things) lowers blood pressure; it could have caused Clift to appear drunk or drugged when he was sober.[116] Underactive thyroids also raise cholesterol, which might have contributed to his heart disease.

Following a 15-minute funeral at St. James' Church on Madison Avenue in Manhattan, which was attended by 150 guests, including Lauren Bacall, Frank Sinatra, and Nancy Walker, Clift was buried in the Friends Quaker Cemetery, Prospect Park, Brooklyn.[117] Elizabeth Taylor, who was in Rome, sent flowers, as did Roddy McDowall, Judy Garland, Myrna Loy, and Lew Wasserman.[118]

Filmography

Film

Year Title Role Director Notes
1948 The Search Ralph "Steve" Stevenson Fred Zinnemann
Red River Matthew "Matt" Garth Howard Hawks
1949 The Heiress Morris Townsend William Wyler
1950 The Big Lift Danny MacCullough George Seaton
1951 A Place in the Sun George Eastman George Stevens
1953 I Confess Fr. Michael William Logan Alfred Hitchcock
Terminal Station
(re-edited and rereleased in the United States as Indiscretion of an American Wife)		 Giovanni Doria Vittorio De Sica
From Here to Eternity Robert E. Lee "Prew" Prewitt Fred Zinnemann
1957 Raintree County John Wickliff Shawnessy Edward Dmytryk
1958 The Young Lions Noah Ackerman Edward Dmytryk
Lonelyhearts Adam White Vincent J. Donehue
1959 Suddenly, Last Summer Dr. John Cukrowicz Joseph L. Mankiewicz
1960 Wild River Chuck Glover Elia Kazan
1961 The Misfits Perce Howland John Huston
Judgment at Nuremberg Rudolph Petersen Stanley Kramer
1962 Freud: The Secret Passion Sigmund Freud John Huston
1966 The Defector Prof. James Bower Raoul Lévy Posthumous release

Film roles declined

Clift received and declined offers for roles in the following films:

Television

Year Title Role Notes
1939Hay FeverPerformerTelevision Movie
1963What's My Line?Mystery GuestEpisode: Montgomery Clift
1963The Merv Griffin ShowSelfSeason 1 - Episode: 86
1965William Faulkner's MississippiNarratorTelevision Documentary

Theatre

Year Title Role Venue
1933As Husbands GoPerformerSarasota, Florida
1935Fly Away HomeHarmer Masters48th Street Theatre, Broadway
1935JubileePrince PeterImperial Theatre, Broadway
1938Yr. Obedient HusbandLord FinchBroadhurst Theatre, Broadway
1938Eye On the SparrowPhilip ThomasVanderbilt Theatre, Broadway
1938The Wind and the RainCharles TrittonMillbrook Theatre, New York
1938Dame NatureAndre BrisacBooth Theatre, Broadway
1939The MotherTonyLyceum Theatre, Broadway
1940There Shall Be No NightErik ValkonenAlvin Theatre, Broadway
1941Out of the Frying PanPerformerCountry Theater, Suffern
1942Mexican MuralLalo BritoChain Auditorium, New York
1942The Skin of Our TeethHenryPlymouth Theatre, Broadway
1944Our TownGeorge GibbsCity Center, Broadway
1944The Searching WindSamuel HazenFulton Theatre, Broadway
1945Foxhole in the ParlorDennis PattersonEthel Barrymore Theatre, Broadway
1945You Touched MeHadrianBooth Theatre, Broadway
1954The SeagullConstantin TreplevPhoenix Theatre, Off-Broadway

Radio

YearProgrammeEpisodeRef.
1951Theatre Guild on the AirThe Glass Menagerie[151]

Awards and nominations

Year Awards Category Project Award Ref.
1948 Academy Awards Best Actor The Search Nominated
1951 A Place in the Sun Nominated
1953 From Here to Eternity Nominated
1961 Best Supporting Actor Judgment at Nuremberg Nominated
1961 British Academy Film Awards Best Foreign Actor Nominated
1961 Golden Globe Awards Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture Nominated

In 1960, Clift was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6104 Hollywood Boulevard.

The song "The Right Profile" by the English punk rock band The Clash, from their album London Calling, is about the later life of Clift. The song alludes to his car crash and drug abuse, as well as the movies A Place in the Sun, Red River, From Here to Eternity, and The Misfits, before closing with what Rolling Stone magazine describes as "a grudging admiration that becomes unexpectedly and astonishingly moving."[158] "Monty Got a Raw Deal" by rock band R.E.M. is also about him.[159] The song "Montgomery Clift" by British band Random Hold concerns the legend that Clift enjoyed hanging from the window ledges of tall buildings.

Clift was the subject of fascination by the character Vikar (James Franco) in the film Zeroville, which was shot in 2015 and released on September 20, 2019, in limited theaters, to largely negative reviews. The character has a tattoo of Mr. Clift and Elizabeth Taylor on his shaved head. James Franco's brother, Dave Franco, portrays Montgomery Clift in a short scene in the movie.

Clift (portrayed by Gavin Adams) was a major supporting character in the 2020 feature film As Long As I’m Famous, which explored his intimate relationship with a young Sidney Lumet during the summer of 1948.[160]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Obituary Variety, July 27, 1966.
  2. ↑ "Montgomery Clift Dead at 45; Nominated 3 Times for Oscar; Completed Last Movie, 'The Defector,' in June Actor Began Career at Age 13". The New York Times. July 24, 1966. p. 61.
  3. ↑ Capua, p. 49
  4. ↑ Petersen, Anne Helen (September 23, 2014). "Scandals of Classic Hollywood: The Long Suicide of Montgomery Clift". Vanity Fair.
  5. ↑ Bridy, Tara (July 29, 2019). "Making Montgomery Clift: truth behind gay self-loathing myth". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on September 15, 2020. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
  6. ↑ LaGuardia, p. 6
  7. ↑ LaGuardia, p. 5
  8. ↑ Casillo, p. 5
  9. ↑ Krampner, Jon (2006). Female Brando: The Legend of Kim Stanley. New York: Back Stage Books. p. 78. ISBN 9780823088478.
  10. ↑ Capua, p. 4
  11. ↑ Casillo, pp. 4–6
  12. ↑ Bosworth, chapters 1–4
  13. ↑ Capua, pp. 6–7
  14. ↑ LaGuardia, p. 11
  15. ↑ Capua, p. 9
  16. ↑ LaGuardia, pp. 11–12
  17. ↑ Capua, p. 11
  18. ↑ LaGuardia, p. 18
  19. ↑ Roman, Robert. Henry Hart (ed.). "Montgomery Clift pp. 541–554". Films in Review Vol. XVII No. 9 November 1966. New York, NY: National Board of Review of Motion Pictures, Inc.
  20. ↑ Amy Lawrence, The Passion of Montgomery Clift, p. 13
  21. ↑ Lawrence, p. 261
  22. ↑ Kass, Judith M. (1975). The Films of Montgomery Clift. Citadel Press. p. 34. ISBN 0806507179. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
  23. ↑ Edoneill.com
  24. ↑ Archive.org
  25. ↑ Archive.org
  26. ↑ LaGuardia, p. 92
  27. ↑ LaGuardia, p. 54
  28. ↑ LaGuardia, p. 58
  29. ↑ Red River (1948) - Awards
  30. ↑ Clift, 00:24:52
  31. ↑ Awards Database – Montgomery Clift Archived April 2, 2015, at the Wayback Machine January 2, 2016
  32. ↑ LaGuardia, p. 74
  33. ↑ Roman, Robert. Henry Hart (ed.). "Montgomery Clift". Films in Review Vol. XVII No. 9 November 1966. New York, NY: National Board of Review of Motion Pictures, Inc.
  34. ↑ LaGuardia, p. 77
  35. ↑ LaGuardia, p. 84
  36. ↑ McCann, Graham (1991). Rebel Males: Clift, Brando and Dean. Hamish Hamilton. p. 102. ISBN 978-0-241-12884-8. Clift said, 'One year, Marlon and I were both nominated for Oscars - he for Streetcar and I for A Place in the Sun. I voted for him, I thought him that good.'
  37. ↑ Bosworth, p. 312
  38. ↑ LaGuardia, pp. 106–7
  39. ↑ "Montgomery Clift: better than Brando, more tragic than Dean". www.telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved May 13, 2023.
  40. ↑ LaGuardia, p. 105
  41. ↑ Garrett, George (1984). James Jones. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. p. 106. ISBN 978-0-15-645955-6. Even though Harry Cohn of Columbia wanted John Derek for the part of Prewitt, and Jones had originally wanted Zachary Scott, Jones decided that Clift was a better choice than either and promised to do what he could.
  42. ↑ Bosworth, p. 248
  43. ↑ LaGuardia, p. 106
  44. ↑ Jones, James (1989). To Reach Eternity: The Letters of James Jones. Random House. p. 193. ISBN 978-0-394-57538-4.
  45. ↑ Parker, John (1991). Five for Hollywood. Carol Publishing Group. p. 65. ISBN 978-0-8184-0539-6. William LeMassena explained, 'Monty loved Sinatra. We used to play his records over and over again. He was Sinatra's number one fan, and now Sinatra was out of favour and on rock bottom. Monty told me that he spoke to Cohn when all this blew up and got him the part.' There were suggestions in some quarters, however, that Sinatra got it only because of his own and Harry Cohn's mutual friendships within the Mafia. When the BBC ran the story in London, Sinatra sued and got an apology.
  46. ↑ LaGuardia, p. 112
  47. ↑ Bosworth, p. 253
  48. ↑ Kelley, Kitty (1987). His Way: The Unauthorized Biography of Frank Sinatra. Bantam Books. p. 217. ISBN 978-0-553-26515-6.
  49. ↑ LaGuardia, p. 150
  50. ↑ LaGuardia, p. 152
  51. ↑ Taylor, Elizabeth (1967). Elizabeth Taylor: An Informal Memoir. New York, N.Y.: Avon Books. p. 72.
  52. ↑ "Montgomery Clift Official Site". Cmgww.com. July 23, 1966. Archived from the original on May 28, 2013. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
  53. ↑ LaGuardia, pp. 153–6
  54. ↑ LaGuardia, p. 165
  55. ↑ Clarke, Gerald. "Books: Sunny Boy". Time February 20, 1978.
  56. ↑ Casillo, p. 268
  57. ↑ Casillo, p. 271
  58. ↑ LaGuardia, p. 224
  59. ↑ Morris, Brogan (October 17, 2020). "Montgomery Clift: 10 essential films". British Film Institute. Retrieved March 6, 2022.
  60. ↑ Kramer, et al., p. 193.
  61. ↑ Clift, Robert and Demmon, Hillary (directors) (2018). Making Montgomery Clift (film). 1091 Pictures. Event occurs at 01:15:34.
  62. ↑ Casillo, p. 272
  63. ↑ Clift, 01:14:41
  64. ↑ Roman, Robert. Henry Hart (ed.). "Montgomery Clift pp. 541–554". Films in Review Vol. XVII No. 9 November 1966. New York, NY: National Board of Review of Motion Pictures, Inc.
  65. ↑ LaGuardia, pp. 244–262
  66. ↑ Casillo, pp. 283–5
  67. ↑ Lawrence, chapter 7
  68. ↑ Casillo, pp. 296–7
  69. ↑ LaGuardia, p. 276
  70. ↑ Casillo, pp. 62–3
  71. ↑ Casillo, pp. 66–7
  72. ↑ Kane, Matt (March 25, 2011). "Elizabeth Taylor at the 11th Annual GLAAD Media Awards". GLAAD. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
  73. ↑ Petersen, Anne Helen (September 23, 2014). "Scandals of Classic Hollywood: The Long Suicide of Montgomery Clift". Vanity Fair. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
  74. ↑ Bosworth, p. 204
  75. ↑ Capua, p. 22
  76. ↑ Casillo, pp. 29, 87–8
  77. ↑ LaGuardia, p. 57
  78. ↑ Capua, p. 25
  79. ↑ Casillo, pp. 23–4
  80. ↑ LaGuardia, pp. 35–6
  81. ↑ Casillo, pp. 22, 105–6
  82. ↑ Capua, p. 24
  83. ↑ LaGuardia, pp. 36–7
  84. ↑ Dance with demons: the life of Jerome Robbins by Lawrence, Greg, pp. 120–23
  85. ↑ Dance with demons: the life of Jerome Robbins by Lawrence, Greg, p. 127
  86. ↑ Jerome Robbins: his life, his theater, his dance by Jowitt, Deborah, pp. 108, 135
  87. ↑ "Jerome Robbins: Something to Dance About" American Masters, Season 23, Episode 1
  88. ↑ Somewhere the life of Jerome Robbins by Vaill, Amanda, p. 240
  89. ↑ Jerome Robbins: his life, his theater, his dance by Jowitt, Deborah, pp. 146–7
  90. ↑ Somewhere the life of Jerome Robbins by Vaill, Amanda, p. 240
  91. ↑ Ring, Trudy (May 6, 2021). "TCM Fest: West Side Story's Queer Origins and Other LGBTQ+ Highlights". The Advocate. Retrieved March 5, 2022.
  92. ↑ Bosworth, p. 156
  93. ↑ Clift, Event occurs at 00:31:57
  94. ↑ Bosworth, p. 207
  95. ↑ Bosworth, p. 211
  96. ↑ Montgomery Clift: Beautiful Loser, Hoskyns, Barney, p. 96
  97. ↑ Dropped Names: Famous Men and Women As I Knew Them, by Langella, Frank, p. 336
  98. ↑ LaGuardia, pp.138–39
  99. ↑ Bosworth, p. 281
  100. ↑ "#BornThisDay: Actor, Roddy McDowall". September 17, 2021. Archived from the original on September 27, 2022.
  101. ↑ "#BornThisDay: Actor, Montgomery Clift - The WOW Report". worldofwonder.net. October 17, 2019. Archived from the original on February 8, 2023. Retrieved May 6, 2023.
  102. ↑ Douglas, Illeana (November 3, 2015). I Blame Dennis Hopper: And Other Stories from a Life Lived In and Out of the Movies. Macmillan. p. 179. ISBN 978-1-250-05291-9. Roddy was a private man who kept his private life separate, but I could tell by the way he spoke about him [Clift] that Roddy felt a deep love for the man he could not save.
  103. ↑ "Obituary: Roddy McDowall". Independent.co.uk. October 4, 1998. Archived from the original on April 9, 2023.
  104. ↑ Capote, Truman (May 15, 2012). Too Brief a Treat: The Letters of Truman Capote. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 199. ISBN 978-0-345-80309-2.
  105. ↑ Capote: A Biography, Clarke Gerald, p. 235
  106. ↑ Bosworth, p. 255
  107. ↑ Montgomery Clift: Beautiful Loser, Hoskyns, Barney, p. 34
  108. ↑ Bosworth, pp. 70–73
  109. ↑ Lost Friendships: A Memoir of Truman Capote, Tennessee Williams, and Others, Windham, Donald, p. 64
  110. ↑ "Donald Windham". www.telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved September 16, 2022.
  111. ↑ Original Story By: A Memoir of Broadway and Hollywood, Laurents, Arthur, pp. 5, 114
  112. ↑ Casillo, pp. 169–70
  113. ↑ Bosworth, p. 242
  114. ↑ "Montgomery Clift's Pedigreed Upper East Side Townhouse Could Be Yours". Observer. September 9, 2016. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
  115. ↑ LaGuardia, p. 285
  116. ↑ McCann, p. 68
  117. ↑ Wilson, Scott. Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons, 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Locations 8764–8765). McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. Kindle Edition.
  118. ↑ LaGuardia, p. 288
  119. ↑ Clift, 00:17:16
  120. ↑ LaGuardia, p. 47
  121. ↑ Clift, 00:18:56
  122. ↑ Casillo, p. 48
  123. ↑ Fabian Braithwaite, Les (March 13, 2014). "Hays'd: Decoding the Classics - 'Rope'". IndieWire. Retrieved April 1, 2022.
  124. ↑ LaGuardia, p. 79
  125. ↑ Clift, 00:19:57
  126. ↑ Casillo, p. 49
  127. ↑ French, Philip (January 16, 2010). "Philip French's screen legends". The Guardian. Retrieved April 1, 2022.
  128. ↑ Roman, Robert. Henry Hart (ed.). "Montgomery Clift". Films in Review Vol. XVII No. 9 November 1966. New York, NY: National Board of Review of Motion Pictures, Inc. p. 546.
  129. ↑ Nayman, Adam (February 26, 2015). "Don't Fence Me In". Reverse Shot. Retrieved April 1, 2022.
  130. ↑ LaGuardia, p. 117
  131. ↑ LaGuardia, p. 117
  132. ↑ Clift, 00:19:27
  133. ↑ French, Philip (January 16, 2010). "Philip French's screen legends". The Guardian. Retrieved April 1, 2022.
  134. ↑ LaGuardia, p. 117
  135. ↑ "Suddenly (1954) Trivia". IMDb.
  136. ↑ Harris, Mark (August 25, 2015). "A Star Is Born Is the Ultimate Hollywood Horror Story, and Lady Gaga Might Be Perfect Casting". Vulture. Retrieved April 1, 2022.
  137. ↑ Clift, 00:19:27
  138. ↑ French, Philip (January 16, 2010). "Philip French's screen legends". The Guardian. Retrieved April 1, 2022.
  139. ↑ LaGuardia, p. 117
  140. ↑ French, Philip (January 16, 2010). "Philip French's screen legends". The Guardian. Retrieved April 1, 2022.
  141. ↑ LaGuardia, p. 117
  142. ↑ LaGuardia, p. 117
  143. ↑ French, Philip (January 16, 2010). "Philip French's screen legends". The Guardian. Retrieved April 1, 2022.
  144. ↑ "Trivia". IMDb.
  145. ↑ Clift, 00:19:26
  146. ↑ LaGuardia, p. 117
  147. ↑ French, Philip (January 16, 2010). "Philip French's screen legends". The Guardian. Retrieved April 1, 2022.
  148. ↑ Pryor, Thomas (April 18, 1955). "Clift Takes Role in Columbia Film: Will Portray Paul Morel in Adaptation of Lawrence's Novel, 'Sons and Lovers'". The New York Times. Retrieved April 1, 2022.
  149. ↑ LaGuardia, p. 140
  150. ↑ French, Philip (January 16, 2010). "Philip French's screen legends". The Guardian. Retrieved April 1, 2022.
  151. ↑ Kirby, Walter (March 16, 1952). "Better Radio Programs for the Week". The Decatur Daily Review. The Decatur Daily Review. p. 44. Retrieved May 23, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
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  154. ↑ "The 26th Academy Awards (1954) Nominees and Winners". Oscars.org (Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences). Archived from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved May 31, 2015.
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  157. ↑ "Montgomery Clift – Golden Globe Awards". HFPA. Retrieved June 29, 2021.
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References

  • Bosworth, Patricia (1978). Montgomery Clift: A Biography. Hal Leonard Corporation, 2007. N.B.: Also published in mass-market pbk. ed. (New York: Bantam Books, 1978); originally published by Harcourt, 1978. ISBN 0-87910-135-0 (H. Leonard), ISBN 0-553-12455-2 (Bantam)
  • Capua, Michelangelo (2002). Montgomery Clift: A Biography. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-1432-1
  • Casillo, Charles (2021), Elizabeth and Monty: The Untold Story of Their Intimate Friendship. New York, Kensington Publishing Corp. ISBN 978-1-4967-2479-3 (hardcover edition)
  • Clift, Robert Anderson and Hillary Demmon (2018). Making Montgomery Clift. 1091 Pictures.
  • Girelli, Elisabetta (2013) "Montgomery Clift Queer Star", Wayne University Press. ISBN 9780814335147
  • Kramer, Stanley and Thomas M. Coffey (1997). A Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World: A Life in Hollywood. ISBN 0-15-154958-3
  • LaGuardia, Robert (1977). Monty: A Biography of Montgomery Clift. New York, Avon Books. ISBN 0-380-01887-X (paperback edition)
  • Lawrence, Amy (2010) "The Passion of Montgomery Clift", Berkeley and Los Angeles, University of California Press. ISBN 9780520260474
  • McCann, Graham (1991). Rebel Males: Clift, Brando and Dean. H. Hamilton. ISBN 978-0-241-12884-8
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