NLK

NLK
Identifiers
Aliases	NLK, nemo like kinase
External IDs	OMIM: 609476 MGI: 1201387 HomoloGene: 88836 GeneCards: NLK
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 17 (human)
End	28,196,381 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 11 (mouse)
End	78,588,199 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	middle temporal gyrus; ; Brodmann area 23; ; endothelial cell; ; retinal pigment epithelium; ; parietal lobe; ; superior frontal gyrus; ; postcentral gyrus; ; entorhinal cortex; ; internal globus pallidus; ; prefrontal cortex;
	Top expressed in
	retinal pigment epithelium; ; pineal gland; ; prefrontal cortex; ; medial ganglionic eminence; ; habenula; ; olfactory tubercle; ; substantia nigra; ; cumulus cell; ; stria vascularis; ; iris;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	transferase activity; nucleotide binding; transcription factor binding; metal ion binding; kinase activity; protein binding; ubiquitin protein ligase binding; protein serine/threonine kinase activity; SH2 domain binding; ATP binding; protein kinase activity; magnesium ion binding; MAP kinase activity;
Cellular component	cytosol; nucleoplasm; nucleus; cytoplasm;
Biological process	phosphorylation; protein stabilization; Wnt signaling pathway; transcription, DNA-templated; MAPK cascade; protein autophosphorylation; transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway; Wnt signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway; regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway; protein phosphorylation; peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation; regulation of gene expression; serine phosphorylation of STAT protein; intracellular signal transduction;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	51701
	18099
	ENSG00000087095
	ENSMUSG00000017376
	Q9UBE8
	O54949
	NM_016231
	NM_008702
	NP_057315
	NP_032728
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Serine/threonine protein kinase NLK is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NLK gene.^[5]^[6]^[7] Its name is an abbreviation for Nemo-Like Kinase, Nemo (nmo) being the Drosophila ortholog of the mammalian NLK gene.^[8] This enzyme is a member of the Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, although not explicitly designated as such (it does not even have a numbered MAPK code). It is a highly divergent, atypical member of the MAPK group, lacking most features so characteristic of most mitogen-activated protein kinases (e.g. it does not have the dual phosphorylation motifs of typical MAPKs, and is not phosphorylated by any known MAP2 kinases). Its activation mechanism and downstream targets are still not well characterized.^[9]

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000087095 - Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000017376 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Brott BK, Pinsky BA, Erikson RL (Mar 1998). "Nlk is a murine protein kinase related to Erk/MAP kinases and localized in the nucleus". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 95 (3): 963–8. Bibcode:1998PNAS...95..963B. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.3.963. PMC 18639. PMID 9448268.
↑ Kehrer-Sawatzki H, Moschgath E, Maier C, Legius E, Elgar G, Krone W (Jul 2000). "Characterization of the Fugu rubripes NLK and FN5 genes flanking the NF1 (Neurofibromatosis type 1) gene in the 5' direction and mapping of the human counterparts". Gene. 251 (1): 63–71. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00188-8. PMID 10863097.
↑ "Entrez Gene: NLK nemo-like kinase".
↑ Ishitani T, Ishitani S (January 2013). "Nemo-like kinase, a multifaceted cell signaling regulator". Cell. Signal. 25 (1): 190–7. doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.09.017. PMID 23000342.
↑ Coulombe P, Meloche S (August 2007). "Atypical mitogen-activated protein kinases: structure, regulation and functions". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1773 (8): 1376–87. doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.11.001. PMID 17161475.

Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (1997). "Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery". Genome Res. 6 (9): 791–806. doi:10.1101/gr.6.9.791. PMID 8889548.
Volorio S, Simon G, Repetto M, et al. (1999). "Sequencing analysis of forty-eight human image cDNA clones similar to Drosophila mutant protein". DNA Seq. 9 (5–6): 307–15. doi:10.3109/10425179809008469. PMID 10524757.
Kortenjann M, Wehrle C, Nehls MC, Boehm T (2002). "Only one nemo-like kinase gene homologue in invertebrate and mammalian genomes". Gene. 278 (1–2): 161–5. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(01)00710-7. PMID 11707333.
Wistow G, Bernstein SL, Wyatt MK, et al. (2002). "Expressed sequence tag analysis of human retina for the NEIBank Project: retbindin, an abundant, novel retinal cDNA and alternative splicing of other retina-preferred gene transcripts". Mol. Vis. 8: 196–204. PMID 12107411.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
Ishitani T, Kishida S, Hyodo-Miura J, et al. (2003). "The TAK1-NLK mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade functions in the Wnt-5a/Ca(2+) pathway to antagonize Wnt/beta-catenin signaling". Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 (1): 131–9. doi:10.1128/MCB.23.1.131-139.2003. PMC 140665. PMID 12482967.
Ishitani T, Ninomiya-Tsuji J, Matsumoto K (2003). "Regulation of lymphoid enhancer factor 1/T-cell factor by mitogen-activated protein kinase-related Nemo-like kinase-dependent phosphorylation in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling". Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 (4): 1379–89. doi:10.1128/MCB.23.4.1379-1389.2003. PMC 141159. PMID 12556497.
Yasuda J, Tsuchiya A, Yamada T, et al. (2003). "Nemo-like kinase induces apoptosis in DLD-1 human colon cancer cells". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 308 (2): 227–33. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(03)01343-3. PMID 12901858.
Yasuda J, Yokoo H, Yamada T, et al. (2004). "Nemo-like kinase suppresses a wide range of transcription factors, including nuclear factor-kappaB". Cancer Sci. 95 (1): 52–7. doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2004.tb03170.x. PMID 14720327. S2CID 29269901.
Smit L, Baas A, Kuipers J, et al. (2004). "Wnt activates the Tak1/Nemo-like kinase pathway". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (17): 17232–40. doi:10.1074/jbc.M307801200. PMID 14960582.
Kanei-Ishii C, Ninomiya-Tsuji J, Tanikawa J, et al. (2004). "Wnt-1 signal induces phosphorylation and degradation of c-Myb protein via TAK1, HIPK2, and NLK". Genes Dev. 18 (7): 816–29. doi:10.1101/gad.1170604. PMC 387421. PMID 15082531.
Kanei-Ishii C, Nomura T, Tanikawa J, et al. (2004). "Differential sensitivity of v-Myb and c-Myb to Wnt-1-induced protein degradation". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (43): 44582–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M407831200. PMID 15308626.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
Kojima H, Sasaki T, Ishitani T, et al. (2005). "STAT3 regulates Nemo-like kinase by mediating its interaction with IL-6-stimulated TGFbeta-activated kinase 1 for STAT3 Ser-727 phosphorylation". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102 (12): 4524–9. Bibcode:2005PNAS..102.4524K. doi:10.1073/pnas.0500679102. PMC 555521. PMID 15764709.
Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, et al. (2006). "Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes". Genome Res. 16 (1): 55–65. doi:10.1101/gr.4039406. PMC 1356129. PMID 16344560.
Lim J, Hao T, Shaw C, et al. (2006). "A protein-protein interaction network for human inherited ataxias and disorders of Purkinje cell degeneration". Cell. 125 (4): 801–14. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.032. PMID 16713569. S2CID 13709685.
Gohda J, Irisawa M, Tanaka Y, et al. (2007). "HTLV-1 Tax-induced NFkappaB activation is independent of Lys-63-linked-type polyubiquitination". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 357 (1): 225–30. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.03.125. PMID 17418100.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000087095 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000017376 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid9448268-5] Brott BK, Pinsky BA, Erikson RL (Mar 1998). "Nlk is a murine protein kinase related to Erk/MAP kinases and localized in the nucleus". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 95 (3): 963–8. Bibcode:1998PNAS...95..963B. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.3.963. PMC 18639. PMID 9448268.

[pmid10863097-6] Kehrer-Sawatzki H, Moschgath E, Maier C, Legius E, Elgar G, Krone W (Jul 2000). "Characterization of the Fugu rubripes NLK and FN5 genes flanking the NF1 (Neurofibromatosis type 1) gene in the 5' direction and mapping of the human counterparts". Gene. 251 (1): 63–71. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00188-8. PMID 10863097.

[entrez-7] "Entrez Gene: NLK nemo-like kinase".

[pmid23000342-8] Ishitani T, Ishitani S (January 2013). "Nemo-like kinase, a multifaceted cell signaling regulator". Cell. Signal. 25 (1): 190–7. doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.09.017. PMID 23000342.

[pmid17161475-9] Coulombe P, Meloche S (August 2007). "Atypical mitogen-activated protein kinases: structure, regulation and functions". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1773 (8): 1376–87. doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.11.001. PMID 17161475.

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MAP kinase activation
Initiation	Mitogen
MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K or MKKK)	MAP kinase kinase kinases MAP3K1 MAP3K2 MAP3K3 MAP3K4 MAP3K5 MAP3K6 MAP3K7 MAP3K8 RAFs RAF1 ARAF BRAF KSR1 KSR2) MLKs MAP3K12 MAP3K13 MAP3K9 MAP3K10 MAP3K11 MAP3K7 ZAK CDC7
MAP kinase kinase (MAP2K or MKK)	MAP2K1 MAP2K2 MAP2K3 MAP2K4 MAP2K5 MAP2K6 MAP2K7
MAP kinase	Extracellular signal-regulated kinases MAPK1 MAPK3 C-Jun N-terminal kinases MAPK8 MAPK9 MAPK10 P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases MAPK11 MAPK12 MAPK13 MAPK14 ERK5 kinase MAPK7 Atypical MAPKs MAPK4 MAPK6 MAPK15 NLK
Phosphatase	MAPK phosphatase

References

Further reading