Nový Jičín
Town
Masarykovo Square with the Marian column and the Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary
Masarykovo Square with the Marian column and the Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary
Flag of Nový Jičín
Flag
Coat of arms of Nový Jičín
Coat of arms
Nový Jičín is located in Czech Republic
Nový Jičín
Nový Jičín
Location in the Czech Republic
Coordinates: 49°35′40″N 18°0′37″E / 49.59444°N 18.01028°E / 49.59444; 18.01028
Country Czech Republic
RegionMoravian-Silesian
DistrictNový Jičín
First mentioned1313
Government
 • MayorStanislav Kopecký
Area
 • Total36.52 km2 (14.10 sq mi)
Elevation
285 m (935 ft)
Population
 (2023-01-01)[1]
 • Total23,015
 • Density630/km2 (1,600/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
741 01
Websitewww.novyjicin.cz

Nový Jičín (Czech pronunciation: [ˈnoviː ˈjɪtʃiːn]; German: Neutitschein) is a town in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 23,000 inhabitants. The historic centre of Nový Jičín is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument reservation.

Nový Jičín is known for the hatmaking industry and is nicknamed the "town of hats".

Administrative parts

Town hall

Villages of Bludovice, Kojetín, Loučka, Straník and Žilina are administrative parts of Nový Jičín.

Etymology

There are two theories as to how the name "Jičín" came about. According to local legends, it could be derived from the brave daughter of a local castle owner named Jitka (Jitčín, later evolved to Jičín). Another theory derives the name from the Slavic word for wild boar div (Dičín, later amended to Jičín).[2]

The attribute Nový ("new") was added to distinguish it from Starý Jičín ("Old Jičín").

Geography

Nový Jičín is located about 30 km (19 mi) southwest of Ostrava. It lies in the Moravian-Silesian Foothills. The highest point is the hill Dlouhý kopec at 585 m (1,919 ft) above sea level. The town is situated on the small river of Jičínka, at its confluence with the streams Zrzávka, Grasmanka and Rakovec.

History

Žerotínský Castle
Remains of the town fortifications

The first written mention of Nový Jičín is from 1313, however it was probably founded around 1280. It was established as the economic centre of the Starý Jičín estate. It was a property of Lords of Kravaře and later of the Zierotin family.[2]

Žerotínský Castle was originally part of the town fortifications, the construction of which began in the 1380s and continued in the early 16th century. During the rule of Bedřich of Zierotin (1533–1541), the castle was rebuilt into a Renaissance residence.[3][4]

In 1620, Frederick V promoted Nový Jičín to a royal town. The town was decimated by Thirty Years' War and by large fires in 1768 and 1773.[2]

In the 19th century, the Jewish population returned to the town and large textile factories were established. The hatter industry has flourished and Nový Jičín is still today called the "town of hats".[2] During the industrialization in the mid-19th century, two town gates and most turrets and attic of the castle were demolished. Only two defense towers were left in memory.[4]

Until 1918, the town was part of Austria-Hungary, head of the district with the same name, one of the 34 Bezirkshauptmannschaften in Moravia.[5]

After the end of World War I, by 24 November 1918, the town became part of the Czechoslovak Republic.[6]

The German population was expelled in 1945.

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
186912,213—    
188014,205+16.3%
189015,695+10.5%
190016,480+5.0%
191018,910+14.7%
YearPop.±%
192117,643−6.7%
193018,660+5.8%
195015,691−15.9%
196117,647+12.5%
197018,878+7.0%
YearPop.±%
198022,796+20.8%
199124,899+9.2%
200125,325+1.7%
201123,202−8.4%
202122,656−2.4%
Source: Censuses[7][8]

Economy

Nový Jičín is known for the hatting industry. Hats have been made here since 1630. The mechanical production began here in 1865 and is the oldest hat factory in the world. The modern TONAK company was established in 1945 and is still one of the three largest headwear manufacturers in the world.[9][10]

The largest employer with headquarters in the town is Hanon Systems Autopal, a manufacturer of refrigeration and air conditioning components for the automotive industry.

Transport

Nový Jičín lies on the European route E462. The town lies about 8 km (5 mi) from the station on the high-speed railway line in Suchdol nad Odrou. There is the Nový Jičín–Suchdol nad Odrou railway line of local importance.

The largest airport in the region, Leoš Janáček Airport Ostrava is about 15 kilometres from Nový Jičín.[11]

Sights

Stará pošta house

The historic core of Nový Jičín is a Renaissance-Baroque town with a pure example of medieval urbanism of the second half of the 13th century. In its centre is a square with arcades and a rectangular system of adjacent streets. In the 16th century, the arcades were built and the wooden houses were replaced by stone ones.[3]

The town square is lined by preserved Renaissance and Baroque burger houses. The town hall was a Renaissance house from the 16th century, rebuilt to the town hall in 1661. In 1881, the façade was rebuilt and modified in the pseudo-Gothic style. In 1929–1930, an insensitive pseudo-Renaissance reconstruction was made.[12]

The most valuable house is Stará pošta (i.e. "old post office"), a two-storey Renaissance house from 1563.[13] In a historic house where general Ernst Gideon von Laudon died in 1790 is the tourist information centre and an exposition of the hat-making tradition of Nový Jičín.[14]

The Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary is the landmark of the historic centre. It has a Renaissance 66 m (217 ft) high tower from 1587. The original Gothic castle was replaced by the current building by the Jesuits in 1732–1740.[15]

The oldest stone building in Nový Jičín is the Žerotínský Castle from the 1380s. Today it houses the regional museum.[3][4] Only a bastion from 1613 and few fragments of the town walls are preserved to this day.[16]

Notable people

Twin towns – sister cities

Nový Jičín is twinned with:[17]

References

  1. ↑ "Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2023". Czech Statistical Office. 2023-05-23.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Historie" (in Czech). Město Nový Jičín. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  3. 1 2 3 "Městská památková rezervace" (in Czech). Město Nový Jičín. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  4. 1 2 3 "Žerotínský zámek" (in Czech). Město Nový Jičín. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  5. ↑ Die postalischen Abstempelungen auf den österreichischen Postwertzeichen-Ausgaben 1867, 1883 und 1890, Wilhelm Klein, 1967
  6. ↑ Mommsen, Hans; Kováč, Dušan; Malíř, Jiří (2001). "Im Widerstreit der Selbstbestimmungsansprüche: vom Habsburgerstaat zur Tschechoslowakei–die Deutschen der böhmischen Länder 1918 bis 1919". Der Erste Weltkrieg und die Beziehungen zwischen Tschechen, Slowaken und Deutschen (in German). Klartext. p. 201. ISBN 3-88474-951-X.
  7. ↑ "Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011 – Okres Nový Jičín" (in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. 2015-12-21. pp. 5–6.
  8. ↑ "Population Census 2021: Population by sex". Public Database. Czech Statistical Office. 2021-03-27.
  9. ↑ "Příběhy českých značek: Tonak vyrábí klobouky už 385 let. Zná je celý svět" (in Czech). iDnes. 2015-10-20. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  10. ↑ "TONAK – nejstarší kloboučnická továrna na světě" (in Czech). Město Nový Jičín. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  11. ↑ "Základní údaje o městě" (in Czech). Město Nový Jičín. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  12. ↑ "Radnice" (in Czech). Město Nový Jičín. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  13. ↑ "Měšťanský dům, tzv. Stará pošta" (in Czech). Město Nový Jičín. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  14. ↑ "Expozice výroby klobouků v Novém Jičíně" (in Czech). CzechTourism. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  15. ↑ "Kostel Nanebevzetí Panny Marie v Novém Jičíně" (in Czech). CzechTourism. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  16. ↑ "Hradby městského opevnění" (in Czech). Město Nový Jičín. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  17. ↑ "Partnerská města – základní informace" (in Czech). Město Nový Jičín. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
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