Puresh
Kanazor
Battle of Legnica, medieval illuminated manuscript, collection of the J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles, California
Kanazor (King) of Moxel
Reign?–1241
SuccessorQueen Narchat
Born
Died9 April 1242(1242-04-09) (aged 51–52)
Legnica, Duchy of Legnica
Burial
Legnica, Duchy of Legnica
IssueAtämaz
Narchat
Fatherunknown
Motherunknown
ReligionTorah Judaism (disputable)[1]
OccupationKanazor

Puresh (Moksha: Пуреш, romanized: Puresh, lit. 'pureh brewing time born') was a Moksha Kanazor, ruler of Kingdom Moxel in (Middle Volga) mentioned in Russians sources as Murunza.[2] He was an ally of Russian Grand Prince Yuri II of Vladimir and of the Cuman Khan Köten against the Volga Bulgars and Erzyas in the 1230s.[3]

War For Kadoma

European Campaign

In September 1237 the Mongols invaded Moksha kingdom Moxel[4]). Puresh became a vassal of Batu Khan and joined Mongol army in the European campaign. Puresh's warriors became the vanguard of the Mongol army and took part in the seizure of Kiev, Sandomierz and Zawichost.[5]

Massacre before Battle of Legnica

Puresh secretly met with the High Duke of Poland, Henry II the Pious, on 8 April 1241, one day before the Battle of Legnica, and they agreed that the Moksha army would join the Silesia and Greater Poland. Subutai uncovered the plot and Puresh, his son Atämaz and many Moksha warriors were killed while sleeping after midnight on 9 April 1241.[6]

Aftermath

Queen Narchat took a revenge on Mongols in 1242 and raided their convoys in Mokshaland. It led to an uprising which resulted in another war with Mongols returned from Europe known as Sernya battle. William of Rubruck described Mokshaland after the war as a land without cities with people dwell in forests since "their king and most of his men were killed in Germany where they were forced to go together with the Mongols".[7]

See also

Literature

  • Hakluyt, Richard (1599). "The iournal of frier William de Rubruquis a French man of the order of minorite friers, unto the east parts of the worlde A. Dom. 1253". The Principal Navigations Voyages Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation (in English and Latin). Vol. 1. London: George Bishop, Ralph Newberie, and Robert Baker. pp. 71–92 Latin text, 93–117 English translation. Based on British Library MS Royal 14.C.XIII Fol. 225r-236r and thus ends prematurely.
  • Opus Majus, Volume I in the Internet Archive – original text in Latin (including Part IV), ed. by John Henry Bridges, 1900.
  • Shtereshis, Michael (2013), Tamerlane and the Jews, London and New York: Routledge, ISBN 9781136873669
  • Mayorov, Aleksandr (2021). "Woman, Diplomacy and War. Russian Princes In Negotiations With Batu Before Mongol Invasion" (in Russian). Steps Journal.

Notes

  1. ↑ Shtereshis 2013, p. 18
  2. ↑ Карамзин Н. М. История государства Российского. Т. II. Москва, 1991, ISBN 978-5-02-009493-2
  3. ↑ Первушкин В. И., Пуреш / Пензенская энциклопедия. Москва, Научное издательство «Большая Российская энциклопедия», 2001, p. 509, ISBN 978-5-85270-234-0
  4. ↑ Itinerarium fratris Willielmi de Rubruquis de ordine fratrum Minorum, Galli, Anno gratia 1253. ad partes Orientales.
  5. ↑ John Bridges. The «Opus Majus» of Roger Bacon. Elibron Classics, 2000, ISBN 978-1-4021-9735-2
  6. ↑ Мадуров Д. Ф. Волжские земли в истории и культуре России: Материалы Всероссийской научной конференции//Мадуров Д. Ф. События XIII века в истории эрзи и мокши., О сражении на Золотарёвском городище осенью 1237 г. (Dmitry Madurov. 13th Century Events in Moksha and Erzya History., Sernya battle in autumn 1237), Mordovian State University, Saransk: Krasnyy Oktyabr, 2004. Part I — p. 264
  7. ↑ Itinerarium fratris Willielmi de Rubruquis de ordine fratrum Minorum, Galli, Anno gratia 1253. ad partes Orientales.
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