Qu Qinyue
曲钦岳
Born (1935-05-21) 21 May 1935
Mouping, Shandong, China
NationalityChinese
Alma materNanjing University
Scientific career
FieldsAstrophysics
InstitutionsNanjing University

Qu Qinyue (simplified Chinese: 曲钦岳; traditional Chinese: 曲欽岳; pinyin: Qū Qīnyuè; Wade–Giles: Ch'ü Ch'in-yüeh) (born 21 May 1935) is a Chinese astrophysicist and writer. He is a professor and former president of Nanjing University. He is a pioneer of high-energy astrophysics in China, and his research mainly focuses on pulsars, neutron stars, X-ray sources, γ-ray sources and quasars. In 1980 he was elected a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.[1]

Life and career

Qu Qinyue was born in Mouping, Shandong. His father was a merchant and his mother a housewife. He received his early education at Yantai Jinglun Street Primary School. Later he attended Yantai No. 1 Middle School, Zhifu Middle School and Qingdao Jiao'ao Middle School, finally graduating from Lixian Middle School. He then finished his senior high school study at Qingdao No. 1 High School.[2]: 301 

In 1953 he entered Nanjing University, where he studied astronomy, mathematics and physics. His teachers included astronomer Dai Wensai.[3] In his sophomore year he proposed a wall newspaper named Academic Garden, where he and his classmates posted their ideas for learning. He was also a good athlete, in 1956 his team broke the school record in the 4 × 100 m relay.[4]

After graduating in 1957, Qu became a teaching assistant of Nanjing University. In 1958 he took part in the development of China's first solar tower, and corrected an error in the design of image rotation mirror by a Soviet scholar. During the Cultural Revolution, he was sent to work at a coal mine, and then at Liyang Farm.[4] He was unable to return to the university until 1971. After 1973, astrophysics research at Nanjing University was revived. Some of Qu's most important work was done in the late 1970s.[4]

Qu became a full professor in 1978, and a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980. In 1982 he became a member of Ministry of Education Science Textbook Compilation Committee and director of its Department of Astronomy.[2]: 302  From 1984 to 1997, he served as President of Nanjing University. In August 1990 he and five other university presidents (including Lu Yongxiang) cosigned a letter to the premier Li Peng, requesting more support on universities during the 8th five-year plan. The academic ranking of Nanjing University rose rapidly under his leadership.[5] In 1992 he was elected President of the Chinese Astronomical Society, and in 1993 a member of TWAS.[4]

Work

In 1976, Qu and his colleagues developed statistical curves on pulsar energy loss rates, and suggested that JP 1953 is a pulsar.[6] On 5 March 1979, an intense burst of hard X-rays and γ-rays was recorded, and Qu's team analyzed its light curve and energy spectrum. They created a model for a neutron star binary system, and provided detailed explanation of the observational data using the mechanism of Bremsstrahlung and Kruskal-Schwarzschild instability. Their work was reported at the 17th International Cosmic Ray Conference held in 1981.[7]

About the same time, Fang Lizhi, Qu Qinyue, Wang Zhenru and others proposed a theory that abnormal neutron stars, in which neutrons are in a state that their effective mass become zero or nearly zero, are a form of stars during their final period. They studied the stability of these stars, and suggested their maximum mass is approximately 4 solar masses, about twice the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit. Their results demonstrated that meta-stable compact stars can exist.[8]

During the 1990s, Qu's team created new models to explain the relation between X-ray luminosity of plerionic supernova remnants and rotational energy loss rates of their central supernova. They interpreted the special shapes of some supernova remnants, such as CTB109. SS 433 was another subject they studied, calculating physical characteristics and parameters of its infrared knots. His team also discussed a fourteenth century supernova's relationship with the γ-ray source 2CG353+16. In 1993, Qu co-authored a textbook titled Stellar Atmosphere Physics (《恒星大气物理》) with Wang Zhenru.[9]

References

  1. ↑ 《中国科苑英华录》编写组(ed.) (1985). 中国科苑英华录 新中国之部 上. 北京: 科学普及出版社. p.23.
  2. 1 2 《科学家传记大辞典》编辑组 (ed.)(1994). 中国现代科学家传记 第5集. 北京市：科学出版社. ISBN 7-03-003677-8.
  3. ↑ "曲钦岳：天文名家 教学师长". CPC United Front Department. Archived from the original on October 16, 2014. Retrieved 2014-10-16.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "为南大的崛起惮精竭虑——天体物理学家 曲钦岳". Shm.com.cn. 2004-05-04. Retrieved 2014-10-11.
  5. ↑ "曲钦岳院士——南京大学 高校科学院院士". 中国高校之窗. Retrieved 2014-10-16.
  6. ↑ 曲钦岳; et al. (1976). "脉冲星的统计分析与JP1953". 科学通报 (4): 176–177.
  7. ↑ Qu,Q.Y.; et al. (1981). "A model for the cosmic γ-ray burst event on March 5, 1979". Proceedings of the 17th International Cosmic Ray Conference, Held in Paris, France. 1: 83–86. Bibcode:1981ICRC....1...83Q.
  8. ↑ Fang,L.Z.; et al. (1979). "The structure and stability of abnormal neutron stars". Scientia Sinica. 22 (2): 187–198. Bibcode:1979SciSn..22..187F.
  9. ↑ Lu Jiaxi (ed.) (1994). 中国当代科技精华 物理学卷. 哈尔滨市：黑龙江教育出版社. pp. 202–203. ISBN 7-5316-2511-3
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