Queen Jeongan
정안왕후
Queen dowager of Joseon
Tenure28 November 1400 – 2 August 1412
PredecessorDynasty established
SuccessorQueen Dowager Hudeok
Queen consort of Joseon
Tenure5 September 1398 – 28 November 1400
PredecessorQueen Sindeok
SuccessorQueen Wongyeong
Crown Princess of Joseon
Tenure26 August 1398 – 5 September 1398
PredecessorTitle established
SuccessorCrown Princess Jeong
Born30 January 1355
Kingdom of Goryeo
Died11 August 1412 (1412-08-12) (aged 57)
Indeok Palace, Hanseong, Kingdom of Joseon
Burial
Hureung, Kaepung County, North Hwanghae Province, North Korea
SpouseKing Jeongjong of Joseon
IssueNone
Posthumous name
  • 정안왕후; 定安王后
  • 안정왕후; 安定王后
  • 온명장의정안왕후; 溫明莊懿定安王后 (1681)
HouseGyeongju Kim (by birth)
Jeonju Yi (by marriage)
FatherKim Cheon-seo
MotherLady Samhanguk of the Damyang Lee clan

Queen Jeongan (정안왕후 김씨, 30 January 1355 – 11 August 1412[1]) or Queen Anjeong (안정왕후), of the Gyeongju Kim clan, was a posthumous name bestowed to the wife and queen consort of Yi Gyeong, King Jeongjong; the second monarch of the Korean Joseon Dynasty. She was queen consort of Joseon from 1398 and was honoured as Queen Deok (덕비) until her husband's abdication in 1400 after which she was honoured as Queen Dowager Sundeok (순덕왕대비).

Biography

Early life

Lady Kim was born during King Gongmin of Goyreo’s 4th year of reign on 30 January 1355 into the Gyeongju Kim clan as the eldest daughter of Kim Cheon-seo and Lady Lee of the Damyang Lee clan. Lady Kim had two older brothers and five younger siblings.

Lady Kim is descended from the Silla Dynasty’s Gyeongju Kim clan. During the reign of King Shinjong of Goryeo, her grandfather, Kim Bong-mo (김봉모, 金鳳毛; ? - 1209), served as Pyeongjangsa (평장사, 平章事) and received the posthumous title of Jeongpyeong (정평, 靖平). He later established the Pyeongjangsa Branch (평장사공파) of the clan.

Through her 6th great-grandfather, Lady Kim was a 12th great-granddaughter of King Gyeongsun of Silla and Princess Nakrang through their second son, Kim Eun-yeol. She and Queen Jeongsun are distantly related as they share Kim Jeong-gu (김정구, 金正矩; 973-1057)[2] as their the last common ancestor, and was also the grandson of Kim Eun-yeol.

Through her great-great-grandmother, Lady Kim was a fourth cousin twice removed of Queen Wongyeong as they shared Min Yeong-mo as their ancestor, and would eventually become her sister-in-law through marriage.

It is unknown what year she married Yi Bang-gwa, the second son of Yi Seong-gye and Lady Han.

Royal life

In 1398, at the age of 42-43, she became Crown Princess Consort Deok when her husband, Prince Yeongan (the future King Jeongjong), became Crown Prince. Her father was given the royal title of “Internal Prince Wolseong, Kim Cheon-seo” (월성부원군 김천서, 月城府院君 金天瑞), and her mother was given the royal title of “Internal Princess Consort Samhanguk of the Damyang Lee clan” (삼한국대부인 담양 이씨, 三韓國大夫人 潭陽 李氏).

She was then referred as “Queen Consort Deok" (덕비; Deokbi meaning Virtuous Consort)[3] from the 5 September 1398 until her husband’s abdication.

In the aftermath of the Second Strife of Princes when her husband abdicated in favor of his younger brother, Yi Bang-won, Prince Jeongan on 28 November 1400, along with him being bestowed the courtesy title of "King Emeritus Inmungongye" (인문공예상왕), she was bestowed the courtesy title of "Queen Dowager Sundeok" (순덕왕대비, Sundeok-Wangdaebi) by her royal brother-in-law.

Death and posthumous title

Queen Deok later died on 11 August 1412 during her brother-in-law’s, King Taejong, reign. Her husband outlived her by seven years and both are buried within Hureung in Yeongjeong-ri, Kaepung County, North Hwanghae Province, North Korea. She had no issue with King Jeongjong.

She was given the posthumous title of Queen Jeongan (정안왕후, 定安王后) after her death, but was also given another lesser-known posthumous title "Queen Anjeong" (안정왕후, 安定王后) during King Yeonsan’s 10th year of reign and King Gwanghae’s 1st year of reign.

In 1681, 270 years after her death, King Sukjong added Onmyeongjangui (온명장의, 溫明莊懿) to her posthumous title.

Family

Parent

  • Father — Kim Cheon-seo (김천서, 金天瑞)
    • Grandfather — Kim Shin (김신, 金信) (1223 - ?)[4][5]
      • Great-Grandfather - Kim Gyeong-son (김경손, 金慶孫) (1197 - 1251)
        • Great-Great-Grandfather - Kim Tae-seo (김태서, 金台瑞) (1168 - 10 June 1257)
          • Great-Great-Great-Grandfather - Kim Bong-mo, Duke Jeongpyeong (정평공 김봉모, 靖平公 金鳳毛) (1134 - 1209); descendant of Kim Al-ji[6]
            • Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandfather - Kim Se-rin (김세린, 金世麟) (1107 - ?)[7]
              • Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandfather - Kim Gyeong-bo (김경보, 金景輔) (1069 - 1150)
                • Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandfather - Kim Han-gong (김한공, 金漢公) (1023 - ?)[8]
                • Unnamed Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandmother (1021 - ?)
              • Unnamed Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandmother (1065 - ?)
            • Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandmother - Lady Yu (유씨, 柳氏) (1107 - ?)
          • Great-Great-Great-Grandfather - Lady Song (송씨, 宋氏) (1138 - ?); eldest daughter of Song Cheong (송청, 宋淸;1099 - ?)
        • Great-Great-Grandmother - Lady Min of the Yeoheung Min clan (여흥 민씨) (1168 - ?); eldest daughter of Min Sik (민식, 閔湜;1141 - 1202)[9]
      • Great-Grandmother - Lady Yi (이씨, 李氏) (1197 - ?)
    • Grandmother — Lady Yun (정부인 윤씨, 貞夫人 尹氏) (1223 - ?); daughter of Yun Beon (윤번, 尹蕃)
  • Mother — Internal Princess Consort Samhanguk of the Damyang Lee clan (삼한국대부인 담양 이씨, 三韓國大夫人 潭陽 李氏)
    • Grandfather — Lee Ye (이예, 李藝) (1300 - ?)
    • Grandmother — Lady Yu of the Munhwa Yu clan (정부인 문화 유씨, 貞夫人 文化 柳氏) (1289 - ?); daughter of Yu In-su (유인수, 柳仁修; 1268 - ?)
    • Uncle — Lee Gwang-shin (이광신, 李光臣)
    • Unnamed uncle

Sibling

  • Older brother — Kim Seok-jun (김석준, 金釋俊) (1336 - ?)
    • Unnamed sister-in-law (1338 - ?)
  • Older brother — Kim Su, Prince Wolseong, Duke Jeongho (월성군 정호공 김수, 金需) (1338 - 1409)
    • Unnamed sister-in-law (1338 - ?)
      • Nephew — Kim Gyeom (김겸, 金謙) (1375 - 1425)
      • Nephew - Kim Cheom (김첨, 金添) (1379 - ?)
        • Unnamed sister-in-law (1379 - ?)
      • Niece - Princess Hwasuk of the Gyeongju Kim clan (정부인 진한국대부인 화숙옹주 경주 김씨) (1383 - ?); first wife of Internal Prince Ikpyeong
        • Nephew-in-law - Yi Seok-geun, Duke Ahnryang, Internal Prince Ikpyeong (익평부원군 안량공 이석근) (1380 - 1422)[10]
          • Grandnephew - Yi Sang (이상) (1403 - ?)
          • Grandniece - Lady Yi of the Jeonju Yi clan (전주 이씨) (1407 - ?)
          • Grandnephew - Yi Shin (이신) (1410 - ?)
          • Grandnephew - Yi In, Prince Shinui (신의군 이인) (1412 - ?)
          • Grandnephew - (이례, 李禮) (1415 - ?)
          • Grandnephew - Yi Ji (이지, 李智) (1417 - ?)
          • Grandnephew - Yi Ui, Prince Shinseong (원윤 증 신성군 의) (1420 - ?)
          • Grandnephew - Yi Kang (대림도정 이강) (1423 - ?)
          • Grandniece - Lady Yi of the Jeonju Yi clan (전주 이씨) (1425 - ?)
          • Grandniece - Lady Yi of the Jeonju Yi clan (전주 이씨) (1427 - ?)
      • Nephew - Kim Wi (김위, 金位)
  • Younger brother — Kim Sam-won (김삼원, 金三原) (1357 - ?)
    • Sister-in-law - Lady Min of the Yeoheung Min clan (여흥 민씨);[11] daughter of Min Gye-jeong (민계정, 閔繼禎)
  • Younger sister — Lady Kim of the Gyeongju Kim clan (경주 김씨, 慶州 金氏) (1359 - ?)
    • Brother-in-law - No Yeong-guk (노영국, 盧永國) (1357 - ?)
  • Younger brother - Kim Ui-yeol (김의열, 金義烈) (1360 - ?)
    • Unnamed sister-in-law (1363 - ?)
      • Niece - Lady Kim of the Gyeongju Kim clan (경주 김씨, 慶州 金氏) (1400 - ?)
  • Younger sister — Lady Kim of the Gyeongju Kim clan (경주 김씨, 慶州 金氏) (1361 - ?)
    • Brother-in-law - Yun Yu-rin, Prince Pyeongyang (평양군 윤유린, 尹有麟) of the Papyeong Yun clan (1359 - ?)
  • Younger sister — Lady Kim of the Gyeongju Kim clan (경주 김씨, 慶州 金氏) (1382 - ?)[12]
    • Brother-in-law - Yi Gwing, Prince Yeoyang (이굉 여양군, 李宏) (1380 - ?)[13]
      • Grandnephew - Yi Jong-in, Prince Shinui (이종인, 李宗仁) (28 July 1400 - 24 January 1492)
      • Grandnephew - Yi Gyeong-in (이경인, 李敬仁) (1402 - ?)
      • Grandnephew - Yi Su-in (이수인, 李壽仁) (1404 - ?)
      • Grandnephew - Yi Myeong-in, Prince Wolseong (월성군 이명인, 李明仁) (1416 - ?)
      • Grandniece - Lady Yi of the Jeonju Yi clan (전주 이씨) (1432 - ?)

Consort

  • Husband — King Jeongjong of Joseon (18 July 1357 – 15 October 1419) (조선 정종) — No issue.
    • Mother-in-law — Queen Shinui of the Anbyeon Han clan (신의왕후 안변 한씨, 神懿王后 安邊 韓氏) (1333 - 21 October 1391)
    • Father-in-law — King Taejo of Joseon (태조대왕, 太祖大王) (27 October 1335 - 18 June 1408)
    • Brother-in-law — Yi Bang-woo, Prince Jinan (진안대군 방우, 鎭安大君 芳雨) (1354 - 1393)
    • Brother-in-law — Yi Ui, Prince Ikan (익안대군 방의, 益安大君 芳毅) (1360 - 1404)
    • Brother-in-law — Yi Bang-gan, Prince Hoean (회안대군 방간, 懷安大君 芳幹) (1364 - 1421)
    • Brother-in-law — King Taejong of Joseon (태종대왕, 太宗大王) (1367 - 1422). Wife: Queen Wongyeong of the Yeoheung Min clan (원경왕후 민씨, 元敬王后 閔氏) (1365 - 1420)

References

  1. ↑ In lunar calendar, the Queen was born on 9 January 1355 and died on 25 June 1412
  2. ↑ Queen Jeongan being a 9th great-granddaughter and Queen Jeongsun being a 22nd great-granddaughter; roughly both being 10th cousins 13th once removed.
  3. ↑ muchadoboutlove (2020-11-09). "Royal Titles of Joseon Consorts". the talking cupboard. Retrieved 2021-06-26.
  4. ↑ Also known as Kim Mun-jung (김문중, 金文仲)
  5. ↑ Was a cousin of Queen Jeongsun, wife of King Wonjong
  6. ↑ His descendant, Kim Yea (김예, 金芮), by his son eventually made him the progenitor and ancestor of the Jeonju Kim clan (전주 김씨, 全州 金氏)
  7. ↑ Also known as Kim Jak-mun (김작문, 金作雯)
  8. ↑ He was the 4th great-grandson of King Gyeongsun of Silla and Princess Nakrang through their second son, Kim Eun-yeol.
  9. ↑ Min Sik was the son of Min Yeong-mo, the founder of the Yeoheung Min clan, and the brother of Min Gong-gyu, the 5th great-grandfather of Queen Wongyeong.
  10. ↑ He was the grandson of King Taejo and Queen Sinui through his father, Grand Prince Ikan.
  11. ↑ Her mother, Lady Yi of the Jeonju Yi clan, was the second daughter of Yi Yong-saeng, Prince Jeongseok (증 정석군 이융생;1409 - 1464) and Princess Consort Chungwon of the Chungju Kwon clan (충원군부인 충주 권씨). Prince Jeongseok was the third son of King Jeongjong with Royal Consort Suk-ui of the Haengju Ki clan.
  12. ↑ After the death of her husband, Lady Kim went to live in Jeongeobwon. Jeongeobwon was the place where concubines/spouses, who lost their spouse, went out and spent the rest of their lives there.
  13. ↑ He was a nephew of Queen Wongyeong and King Taejong
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