Queen Wongyeong
원경왕후
Queen dowager of Joseon
Tenure9 September 1418 – 27 August 1420
PredecessorQueen Dowager Sundeok
SuccessorQueen Dowager Uideok
Queen consort of Joseon
Tenure10 January 1401 – 9 September 1418
PredecessorQueen Jeongan
SuccessorQueen Soheon
Crown Princess of Joseon
Tenure4 March 1400 – 10 January 1401
PredecessorCrown Princess Kim
Successor
Born6 August 1365
Songgyeong, Cheoldong, (now Kaeseong, North Korea) Kingdom of Goryeo
Died27 August 1420 (1420-08-28) (aged 55)
Byeoljeon Hall, Sugang Palace, Hanseong, Kingdom of Joseon
Burial
Heonilleung
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1382⁠–⁠1420)​
Issue
Posthumous name
  • 창덕소열원경왕후; 彰德昭烈元敬王后
  • 원경왕태후; 元敬王太后
HouseYeoheung Min (by birth)
Jeonju Yi (by marriage)
FatherMin Je
MotherLady Samhanguk of the Yeosan Song clan

Queen Wongyeong (원경왕후 민씨; 6 August 1365 – 27 August 1420[1]) of the Yeoheung Min clan, was the primary wife of Taejong of Joseon, and the mother of Sejong the Great.

She was queen consort of Joseon from 1400, and was honored as Queen Jeong (정비) until her husband became King Emeritus of Joseon in 1418 after which she was honoured as Queen Dowager Hudeok (후덕왕대비).

Biography

Early life

Lady Min was born on 6 August 1365, during King Gongmin of Goryeo’s 14th year of reign, as the third daughter and child within eight siblings, of Min Je from the Yeoheung Min clan and his first wife, Lady Song of the Yeosan Song clan. Her hometown was Kaegyeong or Songgyeong, Cheoldong (modern-day Kaeseong, North Korea).

She became an ascendant through her grandfather’s older brother who eventually became the 12th great-grandfather to Queen Inhyeon, 16th great-grandfather to Princess Consort Min (Heungseon Daewongun’s mother), the 17th great-grandfather to Grand Internal Princess Consort Sunmok (Heungseon Daewongun’s wife) and Empress Myeongseong, and the 18th great-grandfather to Empress Sunmyeong.

She was a first cousin once removed to Royal Noble Consort Hui-bi of the Paepyeong Yun clan, a Consort of King Chunghye of Goryeo. As well as a fourth cousin twice removed of Queen Jeongan through her 5th great-grandfather’s brother.

Through her great-grandfather, Lady Min was also a first cousin thrice removed of Royal Noble Consort Myeong, the consort of her husband, King Taejong, and a first cousin four times removed of Crown Princess Consort Hwi, the consort of her grandson, King Munjong.

Through her mother, Lady was a fourth cousin once removed of Han Hwak, and fifth cousins with Queen Jangsun and Queen Gonghye.

She was later arranged to marry the fifth son of Yi Seong-gye and his first wife Lady Han of the Anbyeon Han clan, Yi Bang-won of the Jeonju Yi clan, in 1382 at the age of 17. Ten years later when the Joseon Dynasty was established in 1392 by her father-in-law, her husband was then given the royal title of Prince Jeongan; making her Princess Jeongnyeong (정녕옹주, 靖寧翁主) at the age of 27.

Involvement in royal politics

In 1394, the capital was established from Kaegyeong (modern-day Kaeseong) to Hanseong (modern-day Seoul). When the new dynasty was promulgated and officially brought into existence, Taejo brought up the issue of which son would be his successor. Although Taejo's fifth son by Queen Sinui, Yi Bang-won, had contributed most to assisting his father's rise to power, he harbored a profound hatred against two of his father's key allies in the court, the prime minister Jeong Do-jeon and Nam Eun.

In 1398, Jeong Do-jeon, who was enjoying great power at the time, enforced the Enforcement Breakdown Act and returned all the private soldiers and weapons to the state, but Lady Min had hid the weapons and private soldiers, that belonged to her family, in her house. Shortly after Taejo fell ill, the Min clan took advantage of this opportunity to give the weaponry and resources to Yi Bang-won to which Lady Min tried to encourage his coup.[2]

Yi Bang-won then rose up with his brother-in-laws, Min Mu-gu and Min Mu-jil, and immediately revolted and raided the palace, killing Jeong Do-jeon, his followers, and the two sons of the late Queen Sindeok, Grand Prince Uian and Yi Bang-beon.

This incident became known as the First Strife of Princes. Aghast at the fact that his sons were willing to kill each other for the crown, and psychologically exhausted from the death of his second wife, King Taejo immediately crowned his second son Yi Bang-gwa, later King Jeongjong, as the new ruler.

In early 1400, the Second Strife of Princes happened where Yi Bang-gan, Prince Hoean, the elder brother of the prince, launched an attack on Prince Jeongan. With Prince Jeongan, Lady Min and her family fought to bring down Prince Hoean and his supporters.[2]

On 4 March 1400, King Jeongjong pronounced his brother Yi Bang-won as heir presumptive and voluntarily abdicated. Which changed her royal title from Princess Jeongnyeong to Crown Princess Consort Jeong (정빈), and was eventually given the royal title of Queen Jeong (정비, 靜妃; Jeongbi meaning Serene Consort)[3] on 10 January 1401. Thus becoming the Queen Consort of King Taejong of Joseon, the third king of Joseon.

Because she was the wife of a king, her mother was given the royal title of "Grand Lady Samhanguk" (Hangul: 삼한국대부인, Hanja: 三韓國大夫人), but was later given an alternative title, “Internal Princess Consort Sunheung”. Her father was given the royal title of "Internal Prince Yeoheung" (Hangul: 여흥부원군, Hanja: 驪興府院君).

Queen Jeong is described as smart and ambitious and with an astute political ambition, who frequently intervened in state affairs.[4] She assisted her spouse in his way to the throne and convinced him to appoint their eldest son Yangnyeong as crown prince.[4] When he replaced their son as crown prince with his younger brother, Queen Jeong was enraged and her interference finally resulted in King Taejong executing her younger brothers in order to keep her and her family's ambition in check.[4]

Exile and death of family

In 1406, Taejong had brought up the topic of abdicating but withdrew his statement later on. In the process, the Queen’s eldest younger brothers Min Mu-gu and Min Mu-jil had voiced that they were very pleased with the news of Taejong’s abdication, which caused the two men to be exiled to Jeju Island where they were later killed in 1410. In 1408, Min Je, the Queen’s father, who had a hard time coping with the exile of his sons, died that same year.

It was during these times that the Queen’s relationship with her husband was worsening with the concubines he brought to the palace due to alliances he formed with their clans. It worsened a lot more when Queen Jeong didn’t tell Taejong about the birth of their daughter, Princess Jeongseon, in 1404. It has been said that her attitude was why the king avoided her living quarters, but records do state that the royal couple did have a son in 1412 who later died that same year.

In 1416, the Queen’s remaining younger brothers, Min Mu-hyul and Min Mu-hoe, had stated that Crown Prince Je (later Grand Prince Yangnyeong), her eldest son, would take great care of their family as he and their family shared a close family relationship. Word spread and reached Taejong who saw it as a threat, which once again brought the brothers to be exiled and die by suicide poisoning. But it is also said that rumors had spread through the palace that Queen Jeong had abused Taejong's concubine, Royal Noble Hyo of the Cheongpung Kim clan, and her son, Prince Gyeongnyeong.[2] In anger and retaliation, Taejong exiled Min Mu-hyeol and Min Mu-hoe nearby the sea breeze and hung them to death nearby rather than dethroning Queen Jeong from her position.[5]

Later life

In 1418, her husband abdicated and gave the throne to their third son, Sejong of Joseon, but continued to rule with an iron fist for 3 years, deciding important matters and executing his son’s father-in-law Sim On in 1419, and two uncle-in-law’s in 1418.

Thus becoming Queen Dowager Hudeok while her husband became King Emeritus of Joseon. Her reign as Queen Dowager did not last long as it only lasted for 2 years from 9 September 1418 to her death; almost hitting the 3rd year mark.

Queen Dowager Hudeok, who made her husband king, but whose brothers were purged in return, died on 27 August 1420 at the age of 56 in Byeoljeon Hall, Sugang Palace. King Taejong outlived her by two years and they are buried together within Heonreung in Seoul, Seocho District.

It’s said that within the queens who were involved in Joseon Dynasty politics, Queen Wongyeong, along with Queen Munjeong, Queen Myeongseong, and Empress Myeongseong, was considered the most political, bold and broad-minded Queen.

Trivia

The Queen was a 6th great-granddaughter of Min Yeong-mo; who is the founder of the Yeoheung Min clan.

Queen Wongyeong’s grandfather’s older brother, Min Yu, eventually became the 12th great-grandfather of Queen Inhyeon and the 17th great-grandfather to Empress Myeongseong. Her grandfather’s younger sister, her grandaunt, was also the mother of Royal Consort Hui-bi of the Paepyeong Yun clan.

Royal Noble Consort Hyo of the Cheongpung Kim clan was originally one of Queen Jeong's servants at the Min household before she became a concubine for King Taejong, and Royal Consort Shin of the Yeongwol Shin clan was also originally one of Queen Jeong's retinue of assistant court ladies at the palace before becoming a concubine.

Family

Parent

  • Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
    • Min Ching-do (민칭도, 閔稱道) (1037 - ?)[6]
  • Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
    • Min Se-hyeong (민세형, 閔世衡) (1063 - ?)
  • Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
    • Min Ui (민의, 閔懿) (1089 - ?)
  • Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
    • Min Yeong-mo (민영모, 閔令謨) (1115 - 1194)[7]
  • Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandmother
    • Lady Bae (배씨) (1119 - ?)
  • Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
    • Min Gong-gyu (민공규, 閔公珪) (1146 - 1133)[8]
  • Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
    • Min In-gyun (민인균, 閔仁鈞) (1181 - ?)
  • Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandmother
    • Lady Choi (최씨, 崔氏) (1180 - ?)
  • Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
    • Min Hwang (민황, 閔滉) (1217 - ?)
  • Great-Great-Great-Grandmother
    • Lady Choi (최씨, 崔氏) (1225 - ?)
  • Great-Great-Grandfather
    • Min Jong-yu (민종유, 閔宗儒) (1245 - 27 May 1324)
  • Great-Great-Grandmother
    • Lady Yu (유씨, 兪氏) (1249 - ?); third daughter of Yu Cheon-woo (유천우, 兪千遇; 1209 - 1276)
  • Great-Grandfather
    • Min Jeok (민적, 閔頔) (1270 - 4 March 1336)
  • Great-Grandmother
    • Lady Won of the Wonju Won clan (원주 원씨); third daughter of Won Gwan (원관, 元瓘; 1247 - 1324), Min Jeok’s second wife
  • Grandfather
    • Min Byeon, Prince Yeoheung (여흥군 민변, 閔忭) (1315 - May 1377)[9][10][11]
  • Grandmother
    • Princess Consort Yangcheon of the Yangcheon Heo clan (양천현부인 양천 허씨, 陽川縣夫人 陽川 許氏) (1318 - ?); only daughter of Heo Baek (허백, 許伯; ? - 1357)
  • Father
    • Min Je, Duke Mundo, Internal Prince Yeoheung (민제 여흥부원군 문도공, 閔霽 文度公 驪興府院君) (1339 - 15 January 1408)[12]
      • Uncle - Min Ryang (민량, 閔亮) (1344 - 22 March 1408)
        • Cousin - Lady Min (여흥 민씨) (1371 - 1421)
        • Cousin - Min Won-gyeong (민원경) (1375 - ?)
        • Cousin - Lady Min (여흥 민씨) (1377 - ?)
      • Aunt - Lady Min of the Yeoheung Min clan (여흥 민씨) (1349 - ?); second wife of Gwak Chu
        • Uncle - Gwak Chu (곽추, 郭樞) of the Cheongju Gwak clan (1338 - 1405)
          • Cousin - Gwak Woon (곽운, 郭惲)
          • Cousin - Lady Gwak of the Cheongju Gwak clan (청주 곽씨) (1375 - ?)
            • Cousin-in-law - Kim Yang-nam (김양남, 金揚南) (1359 - ?)
          • Cousin - Lady Gwak of the Cheongju Gwak clan (청주 곽씨)
            • Cousin-in-law - Kim Yuk (김육, 金育)
          • Cousin - Lady Gwak of the Cheongju Gwak clan (청주 곽씨)
            • Cousin-in-law - Bong Ahn-guk (봉안국, 奉安國) (1383 - ?)
      • Uncle - Min Gae (민개, 閔開) (1360 - 3 December 1396)
        • Aunt - Lady Yi (이씨, 李氏) (1360 - ?)
          • Cousin - Min Bul-hae (민불해, 閔不害) (1376 - ?)
          • Cousin - Min Jung (민중) (1404 - ?)
  • Mother
    • Princess Consort Samhanguk of the Yeosan Song clan (삼한국대부인 여산 송씨, 三韓國大夫人 礪山 宋氏) (1342 - 1414);[13] Min Je’s first wife
      • Grandfather - Song Seon (송선, 宋璿) (1290 - ?)[14]
      • Grandmother - Lady Ha of the Dalseong Ha clan (달성 하씨, 達城 河氏) (1295 - ?); daughter of Ha Hu-seung (하후승, 夏候勝; 1280 - ?) and Lady Hwang (황씨; 1278 - ?)
    • Stepmother - Lady Yi of the Yangseong Yi clan (양성 이씨, 陽城 李氏) (1348 - ?)

Sibling(s)

  • Older sister — Princess Consort Samhanguk of the Yeoheung Min clan (삼한국대부인 여흥 민씨) (1358 - ?)
    • Brother-in-law - Yi Cheon-woo, Prince Wansan (이천우 완산군, 李天祐 完山君) (1354 - 1417); King Taejong’s older half-cousin
      • Nephew – Yi Wan, Prince Yeoseong (여성군 이완) (1376 - ?)
      • Nephew – Yi Seon, Prince Yeoheung (여흥군 이선) (1378 - ?)
      • Nephew — Yi Gwing, Prince Yeoyang (이굉 여양군, 李宏) (1380 - ?)
        • Niece-in-law - Lady Kim of the Gyeongju Kim clan (경주 김씨) (1382 - ?); Queen Jeongan’s younger sister
  • Older brother — Min Mu-gu, Prince Yeogang (여강군 민무구, 閔無咎) (1360 - 17 March 1410)
    • Sister-in-law - Lady Gwon of the Andong Gwon clan (안동 권씨) (1354 - ?); daughter of Gwon Hyeon (권현, 權玹)
      • Nephew — Min Chu (민추, 閔麤) (1406 - ?)
        • Grandiece - Lady Min of the Yeoheung Min clan (여흥 민씨) (1432 - 1400)
        • Grandnephew - Min Cheo-jing (민처징) (1432 - ?)
        • Grandnephew - Min Cheo-kang (민처강, 閔處江) (1434 - ?)
          • Grandnephew-in-law - Yi Jeon, Prince Musong (무송군 이전)[15][16]
  • Older sister — Lady Min (여흥 민씨) (1363 - ?)
    • Brother-in-law - Jo Pak (조박,趙璞) (1356 - 1408) of the Pyeongyang Jo clan (평양 조씨, 平壤 趙氏)[17]
      • Nephew - Jo Shin-eon (조신언, 趙愼言) (1387 - ?)
      • Niece - Lady Jo of the Pyeongyang Jo clan (평양 조씨, 平壤 趙氏) (1391 - ?)
        • Nephew-in-law - Yi Gong-yu (이공유, 李公柔) (1387 - ?)
  • Younger brother — Min Mu-jil, Prince Yeoseong (여성군 민무질, 閔無疾) (1369 - 17 March 1410)
    • Sister-in-law – Lady Han of the Cheongju Han clan (정경부인 청주 한씨) (1367 - ?); daughter of Han Sang-hwan (한상환, 韓尙桓; ? - 1443)[18]
      • Niece — Lady Min (민씨) (1383 - ?)
        • Nephew-in-law - Kim Yeong-ryun (김영륜, 金永輪) of the Yean Kim clan (예안 김씨, 禮安 金氏) (1381 - ?)
      • Nephew — Min Chok (민촉) (1399 - ?)
        • Grandnephew - Min Yeon-eun (민연은)
        • Grandnephew - Min Gi (민기)
        • Grandnephew - Min Hong (민홍)
        • Grandnephew - Min Seob (민섭)
      • Niece — Lady Min (민씨) (1401 - ?)[19]
        • Nephew-in-law - Yi Gin (이긴, 李緊) of the Yangseong Yi clan (1393 - ?)
      • Nephew — Min Sam (민삼) (1403 - ?)
        • Grandnephew - Min Hui-nyeom (민희념)
          • Great-Grandnephew - Min Byeon (민변)
          • Great-Grandnephew - Min Mu (민무)
            • Great-Great-Grandnephew - Min Eung-jeong (민응정)
              • Great-Great-Great-Grandnephew - Min Hyeob (민협)
                • Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandnephew - Min Jung-ui (민종의)
      • Niece — Lady Min (민씨) (1404 - ?)
        • Nephew-in-law - Hong Woo-myeong (홍우명, 洪禹明) of the Namyang Hong clan (1403 - ?)
      • Nephew — Min Bun (민분) (1406 - ?)
        • Grandnephew - Min Oh (민오)
  • Younger brother — Min Mu-hyul, Prince Yeowon (여원군 민무휼, 閔無恤) (1371 - 13 January 1416)
    • Sister-in-law - Lady Yi of the Seongju Yi clan (성주 이씨, 星州 李氏) (1401 - ?)[20]
      • Niece — Lady Min (여흥 민씨) (1400 - ?)
        • Nephew-in-law - Song Jun (송준, 宋儁)
      • Niece - Lady Min (여흥 민씨) (1402 - ?)
        • Nephew-in-law - Kim Yang-jung (김양중, 金養中)
      • Niece — Lady Min (여흥 민씨) (1405 - ?)
        • Nephew-in-law - Sim Jun (심준, 沈濬) (1405 - 1448); Queen Soheon’s eldest younger brother
          • Grandnephew - Sim Mi (심미)
          • Grandnephew - Sim Chi (심치)
            • Grandniece-in-law - Lady Kim of the Suncheon Kim clan (순천 김씨)[21]
              • Great-Grandnephew - Sim Hyeong (심형, 沈浻)
      • Niece — Lady Min (여흥 민씨) (1412 - ?)
  • Younger brother - Min Mu-hoe, Prince Yeosan (여산군 민무회, 閔無悔) (1373 - 13 January 1416)
    • Sister-in-law - Lady Kim (김씨) (1375 - ?); daughter of Kim Ik-dal (김익달, 金益達)
      • Niece — Lady Min (여흥 민씨) (1401 - ?)
        • Nephew-in-law - Kim Chi (김치, 金錙) (1399 - ?)
    • Sister-in-law - Lady Kwon (권씨, 權氏) (1393 - ?); second daughter of Kwon Jib-ji (권집지; 1269 - ?)
      • Nephew — Min Noe (주부 민뇌, 主簿 閔磊) (1417 - ?)
        • Niece-in-law - Lady Park of the Bannam Park clan (반남 박씨) (1414 - ?)[22]
  • Younger sister — Lady Min (여흥 민씨) (1378 - ?)
    • Brother-in-law - No Han (노한, 盧閈) of the Gyoha No clan (교하 노씨, 交河 盧氏) (1376 - 1443)[23]
      • Niece - Lady No of the Gyoha No clan (교하 노씨, 交河 盧氏) (1394 - ?)
        • Nephew-in-law - Yi Jong-in (이종인, 李種仁) (1392 - ?)
      • Nephew — No Mul-jae (노물재, 盧物栽) (1396 - 1446)
        • Niece-in-law - Lady Song (송씨, 松氏) (1396 - ?); daughter of Song Chim-on (송침온, 松沈溫; 1376 - ?)
          • Grandniece - Lady No of the Gyoha No clan (교하 노씨, 交河 盧氏) (1414 - ?)
        • Niece-in-law - Lady Sim of the Cheongsong Sim clan (1400 - ?); Queen Soheon’s second younger sister
          • Grandniece - Lady No of the Gyoha No clan (교하 노씨, 交河 盧氏) (1416 - ?)
          • Grandniece - Lady No of the Gyoha No clan (교하 노씨, 交河 盧氏) (1419 - ?)
          • Grandnephew - No Hoe-shin (노회신, 盧懷愼) (1421 - ?)
          • Grandniece - Lady No of the Gyoha No clan (교하 노씨, 交河 盧氏) (1422 - ?)
          • Grandnephew - No Yu-shin (노유신, 盧由愼) (1424 - ?)
          • Grandnephew - No Sa-shin (노사신, 盧思愼) (1427 - 1498)
            • Grandniece-in-law - Lady Gyeong of the Cheongju Gyeong clan (청주 경씨); daughter of Gyeong Yu-geun (경유근, 慶由謹)
              • Great-Grandniece - Lady No of the Gyoha No clan (교하 노씨, 交河 盧氏) (1460 - ?)[24]
          • Grandniece - Lady No of the Gyoha No clan (교하 노씨, 交河 盧氏) (1431 - ?)
          • Grandnephew - No Ho-shin (노호신, 盧好愼) (1433 - ?)
          • Grandniece - Lady No of the Gyoha No clan (교하 노씨, 交河 盧氏) (1435 - ?)
      • Niece - Lady No of the Gyoha No clan (교하 노씨, 交河 盧氏) (1398 - ?)
        • Nephew-in-law - Choi Hu (최후, 崔厚)

Consort

Issue

4 daughters and 8 sons:

  • Princess Jeongsun (정순공주) (1385 - 18 September 1460)[25][26][27]
  • Princess Gyeongjeong (경정공주) (1387 - 29 June 1455)[28][29][30][31]
  • Grand Prince Yi Il-nam (대군 이일남, 李一男) (1389 - ?)[32][33]
  • Grand Prince Yi Yi-nam (대군 이이남, 李二男) (1390 - ?)[32][33]
  • Grand Prince Yi Sam-nam (대군 이삼남, 李三男) (1392 - ?)[32][33]
  • Princess Gyeongan (경안공주) (1393 - 8 June 1415)[34]
  • Yi Je, Grand Prince Yangnyeong (이제 양녕대군) (1394 - 8 November 1462)
  • Yi Bo, Grand Prince Hyoryeong (이보 효령대군) (29 January 1396 - 22 June 1486)
  • Yi Do, King Sejong the Great (세종대왕) (15 May 1397 - 30 March 1450)
  • Princess Jeongseon (정선공주) (1404 - 5 March 1424)[35][36][37][38]
  • Yi Jong, Grand Prince Seongnyeong (이종 성녕대군) (12 August 1405 - 20 March 1418)[39][40]
  • Grand Prince Yi Chung (대군 이충) (1407 - 1453)[41]

See also

References

  1. ↑ In lunar calendar, the Queen was born on 11 July 1365 and died on 10 July 1420
  2. 1 2 3 "Royal Ladies of Joseon Dynasty". The Talking Cupboard. 5 May 2020.
  3. ↑ muchadoboutlove (2020-11-09). "Royal Titles of Joseon Consorts". the talking cupboard. Retrieved 2021-07-08.
  4. 1 2 3 Yi, Pae-yong (2008). Women in Korean History 한국 역사 속의 여성들. Ewha Womans University Press. ISBN 9788973007721.
  5. ↑ 조선왕조실록에는 스스로 목숨을 끊었다고 기록되어 있다 (Translation: In the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, it is recorded that he took his own life)
  6. ↑ The progenitor of the Yeoheung Min clan
  7. ↑ The founder of the Yeoheung Min clan
  8. ↑ His older brother, Min Sik (민식, 閔湜;1143 - 1201), became the maternal great-grandfather of Queen Jeongan through his daughter’s marriage.
  9. ↑ His younger sister married Yun Gye-jong (윤계종, 尹繼宗) (? - 1346) and had 2 children (a son and a daughter). Her daughter became Royal Consort Hee-bi of the Papyeong Yun clan (a consort of King Chunghye of Goryeo). Royal Consort Hui-bi eventually became an ascendant to Queen Jeonghui, Queen Jeonghyeon, Queen Janggyeong and Yun Im, and Queen Munjeong and Yun Won-hyeong
  10. ↑ His older brother, Min Yu (민유, 閔愉), eventually became an ancestor to Queen Inhyeon, Empress Myeongseong, and Empress Sunmyeong
  11. ↑ His older half-brother, Min Sa-pyeong, became the great-grandfather of Royal Noble Consort Myeong and the great-great-grandfather of Crown Princess Hwi
  12. ↑ His cousin Lady Min became the grandmother of Royal Noble Consort Myeong (the concubine of King Taejong) and the great-grandmother of Crown Princess Hwi (the consort of King Munjong)
  13. ↑ She was a fourth cousin of Han Hwak as they both shared great-great-great-grandparents
  14. ↑ Son of Song Woon (송운, 宋惲; 1270 - ?) and Lady Han of the Cheongju Han clan (1268 - ?). Lady Han was the second eldest sister of Han Hwak’s great-great-grandfather, and the great-great-great-grandfather of Queen Jangsun and Queen Gonghye
  15. ↑ Was the eldest son of Princess Consort Hoein of the Seongju Yi clan (회인군부인 성주 이씨) and Yi Chae, Prince Uiseong (의성군 이채; 1411 — 1439). Prince Uiseong was the eldest son of Grand Prince Hyoryeong.
  16. ↑ His sister became the 4th great-grandmother of Kang Hong-rip
  17. ↑ He is an 8th cousin of Princess Gyeongseong’s husband
  18. ↑ Granduncle of Han Myeong-hoe
  19. ↑ Her daughter married Jeong Gwal (정괄, 鄭佸;1435 - 1495) and eventually had 4 issue (1 son, 3 daughters). Her second daughter married Sim Hyeong (심형, 沈浻), the son of Sim Chi and her cousin (through her uncle, Min Mu-hyul).
  20. ↑ She was the youngest sister of Princess Shinsun (신순궁주) (1395- ?), a concubine of King Taejong
  21. ↑ She is the granddaughter of Kim Jong-seo
  22. ↑ She was a great-grandniece of Yi Saek through his sister. Lady Park was also the eldest daughter of Park Gyu, who eventually became the 3rd great-grandfather of Queen Uiin, and granddaughter of Park Eun, who became the great-great-grandfather of Queen Inseong.
  23. ↑ His grandfather is the father of Royal Consort Sun-bi, the wife of King Gongyang
  24. ↑ Married a nephew-in-law of Princess Gyeongjeong’s grandson, Jo Seon.
  25. ↑ Married Yi Baek-kang (이백강, 李伯剛) of the Cheongju Yi clan (청주 이씨, 淸州 李氏) (1381 - 1451), and had 1 daughter, Lady Yi of the Cheongju Yi clan (정경부인 청주 이씨, 貞敬夫人 淸州 李氏). Their daughter eventually married Yi Saek’s grandson, Yi Gye-rin (이계린, 李季疄) (1401 - 1455).
  26. ↑ She was honored as Princess Cheongpyeong (청평군궁주, 淸平君宮主) and Princess Jeongshin (정신궁주, 定愼宮主)
  27. ↑ Yi Baek-kang (이백강, 李伯剛) of the Cheongju Yi clan (청주 이씨, 淸州 李氏) (1381 - 1451) is the brother-in-law of Princess Gyeongshin; the daughter of Queen Sinui and King Taejo
  28. ↑ Honored as Princess Pyeongyang (평양군 궁주) and Princess Jeonggyeong (정경공주, 貞慶公主)
  29. ↑ Married Jo Dae-rim (조대림, 趙大臨) (1387 - 1430) of the Pyeongyang Jo clan (평양 조씨(平壤 趙氏), and had 5 children (4 daughters and 1 son). His 8th cousin married Queen Wongyeong’s older sister.
  30. ↑ Through her second daughter, the princess eventually became the great-grandmother of Queen Dangyeong, the first wife of King Jungjong. Through her only son, the princess became the grandmother-in-law to Yi Dang, Prince Chunseong (춘성군 이당) (who was a grandson of King Sejong through Prince Milseong).
  31. ↑ Through her son, her grandson Jo Seon (조선, 趙選) married the third daughter of Gu Chi-gwan (구치관, 具致寬; 1406 - 1470). Thus having Jo Seon become the uncle-in-law to Gu Jang-son (구장손, 具長孫), Gu’s grandson (through his eldest and only son), who eventually married the only daughter of No Sa-shin (노사신, 盧思愼). No Sa-shin was the great-great-grandson of Royal Consort Sun-bi’s father, grandnephew of Queen Wongyeong, grandson of Sim On, and nephew of Queen Soheon.
  32. 1 2 3 The princes are speculated to be born within 1388 to 1392 as they are said to be older than Princess Gyeongan (born 1393), but younger than Princess Gyeongjeong (born 1387).
  33. 1 2 3 When Taejong held a meeting for Yi Je’s disposition, he told officials that “When I was young, I lost three sons in succession and gave birth to Yangnyeong in the year of Gapsul (1394)”
  34. ↑ Married Gwon Gyu (권규, 權跬) (1393 - 1421) of the Andong Gwon clan, and had 3 children (2 sons, 1 daughter). Her husband was the paternal uncle of Gwon Ram
  35. ↑ Married Nam Hui ( 남휘, 南暉) (? - 1454) of the Uiryeong Nam clan (의령 남씨, 宜寧 南氏) in 1416, and had 2 children (1 son, 1 daughter). Nam Hui is one of the younger brothers of Nam Ji whose daughter was the wife to Yi Woo-jik, Prince Uichun; the Great Grandnephew-in-law of Queen Soheon and the Great-Grandson of Princess Jeongsin.
  36. ↑ Through her son, Nam Bin (남빈, 南份;1421-?), her grandson, Nam Yi (남이, 南怡) (1443 - 11 November 1468), married the 3rd daughter of Gwon Ram (a nephew-in-law of her older sister, Princess Gyeongan)
  37. ↑ Her daughter, Lady Nam of the Uiryeong Nam clan (의령 남씨, 宜寧 南氏; 1419 - ?), married Shin Ja-seung (신자승, 申自繩) and eventually became the ascendants to Shin Saimdang and Yi Yi, and great-grandaunt of Shin Rip.
  38. ↑ Honored as Princess Jeongseon (정선궁주, 貞善宮主)
  39. ↑ Married Princess Consort Samhanguk of the Changnyeong Seong clan (삼한국대부인 창녕 성씨, 三韓國大夫人 昌寧成氏; 1404 - ?), and had no issue. His two adoptive sons Yi Yong, Grand Prince Anpyeong (안평대군 용, 安平大君 瑢) was King Sejong’s 3rd son. And Yi Ui, Prince Woncheon, Lord Ando (원천군 안도공 의, 原川君 安悼公 宜; 1423 - 1476) was the 6th son of Grand Prince Hyoryeong.
  40. ↑ Died at the age of 13 from smallpox or measles
  41. ↑ Married Lady Park (박씨; 1399 - ?) and had one son, Yi Jong (이종; 1432 - 1506)
  42. ↑ Kim, Ha-young (9 May 2023). "차주영, 드라마 타이틀롤 맡나? "'원경' 긍정 검토 중"" [Cha Joo-young, will she take on the title role of the drama? “‘Wonkyung’ is being positively reviewed”]. Sports Kyunghyang (in Korean). Retrieved 26 May 2023 – via Naver.
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