Radical Entertainment Inc.
TypeSubsidiary
IndustryVideo games
FoundedSeptember 1991 (1991-09)
Founders
  • Rory Armes
  • Dave Davis
  • Ian Wilkinson
Headquarters
Vancouver, British Columbia
,
Canada
Products
Parent

Radical Entertainment Inc. is a Canadian video game developer based in Vancouver. The studio is best known for developing The Simpsons: Hit & Run (2003), Prototype (2009) and Prototype 2 (2013), as well as entries in the Crash Bandicoot franchise. Radical Entertainment was founded in September 1991 by Rory Armes, Dave Davis, and Ian Wilkinson. It was acquired by Vivendi Games in 2005 and transferred to Activision in 2008. The studio faced significant layoffs in 2010 and 2012, with the latter causing it to cease development of original games and only support other Activision studios.

History

1991–2000: Origin and early history

Former Radical Entertainment logo used from 1991 to 1999.

Radical Entertainment co-founders Ian Wilkinson and Rory Armes previously worked for Distinctive Software during the late 1980s. When Distinctive Software was acquired by Electronic Arts in 1991, Wilkinson and Armes took the opportunity to form their own company.[1] Radical Entertainment was established in September 1991 in the Yaletown district of Vancouver.[2][3] The studio primarily developed Nintendo Entertainment System ports and adaptations of other video games, peaking at eight projects in 1994.

Mike Ribero left his position as Sega of America's vice president of sales and marketing to become CEO of Radical Entertainment in 1996.[4] Following the 1996 release of The Divide: Enemies Within, programmer Alex Garden and composer Paul Ruskay would leave Radical Entertainment to respectively establish the game developer Relic Entertainment and the audio facility Studio Labs X.[5] Between 1997 and 1998, several employees left the studio to form Barking Dog Studios. MTV Sports: Pure Ride, a snowboarding game published by THQ, was released on September 28, 2000.[6]

2001–2005: Mainstream success

On 11 May 2001, Radical Entertainment and SPY Wireless Media announced an agreement to develop a wireless content management solution enabling SPY's partners and customers to develop new revenue and promotional opportunities by delivering interactive services to the youth market using wireless devices such as cell phones.[7] At E3 2001, Radical Entertainment unveiled The Simpsons: Road Rage, a story-based driving game based on the popular animated series The Simpsons and co-published by Electronic Arts and Fox Interactive,[8] as well as Dark Summit, another THQ-published snowboarding game unique in its action-adventure elements.[9] On 15 August 2001, Radical Entertainment announced the development of a demo application and white paper for Nintendo's upcoming GameCube console. The demo utilized key features of Radical's proprietary Pure3D game engine, while the accompanying white paper provided information on Radical's technical expertise to other game companies.[10] Dark Summit and The Simpsons: Road Rage were released in November 2001.[11][12] The Simpsons: Road Rage was one of the top ten most rented titles of December 2001 in North America, generating over $500,000 in rental fees for video and game rental outlets in a single week.[13]

In 2003, Radical Entertainment opened a development division, 369 Interactive, which was set to develop multiple titles based on the CSI franchise, in partnership with Ubi Soft.

2005–2008: Acquisition by Vivendi Universal

Although Radical Entertainment developed few titles for Vivendi Universal Entertainment, the titles gained massive success and warranted the company's interest in the developers. In 2005, Vivendi acquired Radical Entertainment; however, as described by a former developer at Radical, the mood did not change much and Radical still operated as an independent game developing company. After being acquired by Vivendi, Radical began to make many games such as Scarface: The World Is Yours and The Incredible Hulk: Ultimate Destruction while being published under Vivendi's Sierra Entertainment label. Radical was also given the license to continue development of the Crash Bandicoot franchise which was also published under Sierra Entertainment. Radical took over the development of Crash Tag Team Racing from Traveller's Tales. Due to the success of Crash Tag Team Racing, Radical started the development of Crash of the Titans and proclaimed that "Crash was home at Radical" stating that Radical would develop all further Crash games. The critical and commercial success of Crash of the Titans spawned one more sequel, Crash: Mind over Mutant, which managed to both critically beat its predecessor as well as commercially. During the development of Crash: Mind Over Mutant, Radical began working on Prototype.

2008–present: Acquisition by Activision, Prototype games, and layoffs

When Vivendi Games merged with Activision to form Activision Blizzard in 2008, Vivendi's former studios, including Radical Entertainment, became part of Activision.[14] At the time, Radical Entertainment was developing four games, including Crash: Mind Over Mutant and Prototype. Activision laid off around 100 people, half of the studio's staff, and canceled the two unannounced projects.[15][16] One of these was Treadstone, a game set in the Jason Bourne universe. Activision was not interested in the property and sold it back to Ludlum Entertainment, which subsequently licensed it to Electronic Arts.[17][18]

In February 2010, Activision laid off around 200 developers from its studios, including roughly 90 at Radical Entertainment, equating to half of the studio's workforce at the time.[19][20] A sequel to Prototype, Prototype 2, was released in April 2012. In the United States, it was the best-selling game of its release month.[21] However, Activision considered the game a commercial failure; on 28 June 2012, the company announced a "significant reduction in staff" at Radical Entertainment that would see the studio cease development of its own games and only support other Activision studios going forward.[22] While some reports, including that of former Radical Entertainment senior audio director Rob Bridgett, indicated that the studio had closed, Activision stated that they would remain open with the reduced staff.[23] Activision and Radical Entertainment re-iterated this statement in September that year.[24] The Microsoft Windows port of Prototype 2 was released in July 2012.[25] On 15 December 2013, Radical Entertainment's incorporated status was dissolved by the Canadian government for non-compliance under section 212 of the Canadian Business Corporations Act.[26] Its most recent credited development role is the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One ports of Prototype and Prototype 2, released in 2015. As of 2023, all that was left of Radical Entertainment was a team of 6 employees, whose subsequent work would be credited under Activision Vancouver;[27] despite that, it was among the studios named in Microsoft's 2022 acquisition of Activision's parent company Activision Blizzard.[28]

Organization

Radical Entertainment practiced open and regular communication between management and employees; the company's president sent an e-mail to all staff on a bi-weekly basis, and staff input on all company facets was sought, ranging from what technologies to adopt to what food was stocked in the kitchen. In addition, the chief financial officer conducted a quarterly seminar to present the company's financial performance, allowing employees to understand where the company was making and spending its revenues. The company also implemented progressive human resource management practices such as core hours, providing a salary top-up to 3-months full pay for maternity leave, and utilizing an intellectual property review process to generate new ideas from among employees.[29] This review process, named the "Idea Review Senate", was conducted by a team of nine employees headed by creative director Stephen Van Der Mescht. Ideas that were not recommended for development were passed back to the employee, who retained all rights to the property and could develop it independently or sell it to another company.[30]

Radical Entertainment maintained an in-house research and development team directed by Dave Forsey. In September 1998, the team completed an Industrial Research Assistance Program assignment funded by a $350,000 federal grant. The project entailed several technological advances involving arbitrary topology on hierarchical surfaces, including the development of hierarchical splines in 3D Studio MAX and Autodesk Maya. This development allowed for the creation of localized detail on animated characters, and the release of the commercial graphics software Rodin based on this work.[31] In March 2000, the team received a renewable $200,000 BC Science Council grant for the development of an internal game engine library and associated tools to streamline library pipelines.[32] In 2001, Forsey and two of his colleagues in the company were recruited by the University of Calgary to develop and teach an undergraduate-level course in video game programming. The course, considered the first of its kind, was aimed at final-year computer science students and tasked them with designing and implementing a video game prototype.[33] In the fall of 2001, several other employees taught a similar class at the University of British Columbia as a response to an impending labour crisis in Canada.[34]

Accolades

On 13 December 2000, the National Post named Radical Entertainment one of Canada's top 50 best managed private companies, a distinction granted to private Canadian companies with over $5 million in revenue and which have demonstrated strong growth in the past three years.[29] On 5 October 2001, the company's president and CEO Ian Wilkinson received Ernst & Young's 2001 Media and Entertainment Entrepreneur of the Year.[35]

Games developed

YearTitlePublisherPlatform(s)Ref.
1992The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and FriendsTHQNintendo Entertainment System[36]
The TerminatorMindscape[36]
1993The Battle of OlympusBroderbundGame Boy[36]
Mario Is Missing!The Software ToolworksNintendo Entertainment System
Wayne's WorldTHQGame Boy, Nintendo Entertainment System[36]
Pelé!AccoladeSega Genesis[36]
1994Brett Hull HockeySuper Nintendo Entertainment System
Bébé's KidsMotown Software
Mario's Time MachineThe Software ToolworksNintendo Entertainment System[36]
Pelé II: World Tournament SoccerAccoladeSega Genesis
Mountain Bike RallyASC GamesSuper Nintendo Entertainment System[36]
Al Unser Jr.'s Road to the TopThe Software Toolworks[36]
Beavis and Butt-HeadViacom New MediaSega Genesis[36]
Speed Racer in My Most Dangerous AdventuresAccoladeSuper Nintendo Entertainment System
1995Brett Hull Hockey '95Sega Genesis, Super Nintendo Entertainment System[36]
1996The Divide: Enemies WithinViacom New MediaMicrosoft Windows, PlayStation[36]
Power Piggs of the Dark AgeTitus SoftwareSuper Nintendo Entertainment System
NHL Powerplay '96Virgin InteractiveMicrosoft Windows, PlayStation, Sega Saturn[36]
Grid Runner[36]
1997Independence DayFox Interactive[36]
NHL Powerplay 98 / NHL All-Star Hockey 98Virgin Interactive / Sega
1998X Games Pro BoarderElectronic ArtsMicrosoft Windows, PlayStation[36]
1999Blood LinesSony Computer Entertainment EuropePlayStation
MTV Sports: SnowboardingTHQ[3]
NBA Basketball 2000Fox InteractiveMicrosoft Windows, PlayStation[36]
NHL Championship 2000[36]
2000Jackie Chan StuntmasterMidway GamesPlayStation[36]
MTV Sports: Pure RideTHQ[36]
2001Dark SummitGameCube, PlayStation 2, Xbox[36]
The Simpsons: Road RageElectronic Arts[36]
2002Tetris WorldsTHQGameCube, Xbox[36]
Monsters, Inc. Scream ArenaGameCube[36]
James Cameron's Dark AngelSierra EntertainmentPlayStation 2, Xbox[36]
2003CSI: Crime Scene InvestigationUbi SoftMicrosoft Windows, Xbox[36]
HulkVivendi Universal GamesMicrosoft Windows, GameCube, PlayStation 2, Xbox[36]
The Simpsons: Hit & Run[36]
2004CSI: Dark MotivesUbi SoftMicrosoft Windows[36]
CSI: Miami[36]
2005The Incredible Hulk: Ultimate DestructionVivendi Universal GamesGameCube, PlayStation 2, Xbox[36]
Crash Tag Team RacingGameCube, PlayStation 2, Xbox, PlayStation Portable[36]
2006Scarface: The World Is YoursVivendi GamesMicrosoft Windows, PlayStation 2, Wii, Xbox[36]
2007Crash of the TitansPlayStation 2, Wii, Xbox 360[36]
2008Crash: Mind over MutantActivision[36]
2009PrototypeMicrosoft Windows, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360[36]
2012Prototype 2[36]
2014Destiny (as a support team for Bungie)Xbox 360, Xbox One, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4[37]

Canceled games

YearTitlePlatform(s)
1994Brett Hull HockeySega Genesis
1995RHI Roller Hockey '95Super Nintendo Entertainment System
2001A.I. The Circuit or A.I. Gladiator[38]Xbox
2006Scarface: The World Is Yours[39]Xbox 360
~2007The Simpsons: Hit & Run 2[40]Unknown
2008Scarface 2Unknown
Treadstone[17]
2010I Am Crash Bandicoot, Crash 2010 or Crash Landed[38]PlayStation 3, Wii, Xbox 360
2011Spider-Man 4PlayStation 3, Xbox 360
2012Prototype 3[38]PlayStation 3, Xbox 360

References

  1. ↑ Kyllo, Blaine (11 March 2009). "Radical founder Ian Wilkinson becomes CEO of Hothead Games". Georgia Straight. Vancouver Free Press. Archived from the original on 27 December 2012. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
  2. ↑ "About Radical Entertainment". Radical Entertainment. Archived from the original on 20 January 1998. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
  3. 1 2 "Radical Entertainment – Plug Into Our World and Play". Radical Entertainment. Archived from the original on 18 June 2000. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
  4. ↑ "Radical and Disney to Play Ball!". Electronic Gaming Monthly. No. 99. Ziff Davis. October 1997. p. 31.
  5. ↑ Barder, Ollie (18 January 2022). "Paul Ruskay On How He Composed The Unique Soundscape For The Homeworld Games". Forbes. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
  6. ↑ "MTV Sports: Pure Ride Ships to Stores". IGN. Snowball.com. 28 September 2000. Archived from the original on 16 January 2001. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
  7. ↑ Jinha, Farrah (11 May 2001). "SPY Media partners with Radical Entertainment - Wireless Content Management Solutions Targeted to Youth". Radical Entertainment. Archived from the original on 27 April 2003. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
  8. ↑ Jinha, Farrah (16 May 2001). "Radical Entertainment Develops PSX2 and Xbox for Fox Interactive - Mission-based game set in Simpsons World". Radical Entertainment. Archived from the original on 27 April 2003. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
  9. ↑ Jinha, Farrah (16 May 2001). "THQ Unveils Dark Summit for Playstation 2 and Xbox at Electronic Entertainment Expo". Radical Entertainment. Archived from the original on 27 April 2003. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
  10. ↑ Jinha, Farrah (15 August 2001). "Radical Entertainment's Expertise in Gaming Detailed in Demo and White Paper for Nintendo". Radical Entertainment. Archived from the original on 27 April 2003. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
  11. ↑ Lopez, Vincent (14 November 2001). "Dark Summit". IGN. Archived from the original on 6 June 2002. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
  12. ↑ "The Simpsons Road Rage Ships". IGN. Snowball.com. 19 November 2001. Archived from the original on 30 December 2001. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
  13. ↑ Jinha, Farrah (14 December 2001). "Radical-Developed Simpsons Road Rage Makes Top 10 Rentals List". Radical Entertainment. Archived from the original on 27 April 2003. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
  14. ↑ Sinclair, Brendan (29 July 2008). "Activision Blizzard 'streamlining' Vivendi". GameSpot. Archived from the original on 11 July 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
  15. ↑ Cavalli, Earnest (14 August 2008). "Prototype Developer Dumps 'About 100' Employees". Wired. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
  16. ↑ Kuchera, Ben (24 August 2011). "Feral developers: why game industry talent is going indie". Ars Technica. Condé Nast. Archived from the original on 15 February 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
  17. 1 2 Sliwinski, Alexander (13 May 2011). "Work on canned Bourne game 'Treadstone' revealed in vid". Engadget. AOL Tech. Archived from the original on 14 August 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
  18. ↑ Sliwinski, Alexander (30 July 2008). "Bourne game rights forget Vivendi, return to Ludlum Entertainment". Engadget. AOL Tech. Archived from the original on 14 August 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
  19. ↑ Martin, Matt (12 February 2010). "Layoffs hit multiple Activision studios". GamesIndustry.biz. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
  20. ↑ McWhertor, Michael (11 February 2010). "Prototype Developer Radical Cut In Half". Kotaku. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
  21. ↑ Sinclair, Brendan (14 June 2012). "Prototype 2 tops dismal April sales". GameSpot. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on 7 January 2018. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
  22. ↑ Schreier, Jason (28 June 2012). "Prototype Creators Shutting Down [UPDATE]". Kotaku. Gizmodo Media Group. Archived from the original on 8 January 2018. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
  23. ↑ Williams, Mike (28 June 2012). "Prototype 2 developer seeing "significant reduction in staff"". GamesIndustry.biz. Archived from the original on 18 June 2016. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
  24. ↑ Sliwinski, Alexander (25 September 2012). "Prototype dev Radical Entertainment's status hasn't changed since downsize". Engadget. Archived from the original on 29 December 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
  25. ↑ Onyett, Charles (24 July 2012). "Prototype 2 Now Available for PC". IGN. Archived from the original on 22 November 2018. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
  26. ↑ "Federal Corporation Information - 428888-2". Government of Canada. Archived from the original on 2 September 2018. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
  27. ↑ DeoGame (4 February 2022). "Where in the World is Radical Entertainment?". XboxEra. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
  28. ↑ Spencer, Phil (18 January 2022). "Welcoming the Incredible Teams and Legendary Franchises of Activision Blizzard to Microsoft Gaming". Xbox Wire. Microsoft. Archived from the original on 18 January 2022. Retrieved 18 February 2022.
  29. 1 2 Jinha, Farrah (13 December 2000). "Radical Named One of Canada's Best Managed Private Companies". Radical Entertainment. Archived from the original on 27 April 2003. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
  30. ↑ Jinha, Farrah (4 October 2000). "Radical Entertainment Takes Innovative Approach To Employee Intellectual Property". Radical Entertainment. Archived from the original on 27 April 2003. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
  31. ↑ Jinha, Farrah (1 September 1998). "Radical Entertainment announces completion of Federal IRAP Grant Project". Radical Entertainment. Archived from the original on 17 August 2003. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
  32. ↑ Jinha, Farrah (1 March 2000). "Radical Technology awarded BC Science Council Grant". Radical Entertainment. Archived from the original on 27 April 2003. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
  33. ↑ Jinha, Farrah (13 February 2001). "Software developer lends expertise to tomorrow's programmers - University of Calgary looks to Radical for instructors and content". Radical Entertainment. Archived from the original on 27 April 2003. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
  34. ↑ Jinha, Farrah (18 September 2001). "Local software firm Radical takes a stand against the looming labour crisis". Radical Entertainment. Archived from the original on 17 August 2003. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
  35. ↑ Jinha, Farrah (5 October 2001). "Radical CEO Wins Prestigious Entrepreneur of the Year Award". Radical Entertainment. Archived from the original on 27 April 2003. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
  36. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 "Radical – Games". Radical Entertainment. Activision Blizzard. Archived from the original on 30 July 2013. Retrieved 2 November 2021.
  37. ↑ "Bungie : Destiny : Credits". Bungie. Archived from the original on 7 June 2020. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  38. 1 2 3 "Beta & Cancelled Radical Entertainment Videogames". Unseen64. Archived from the original on 15 February 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
  39. ↑ Surette, Tim (28 July 2006). "Scarface says hello to PSP, adios to 360". GameSpot. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on 10 July 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
  40. ↑ January 2020, Heather Wald 22 (22 January 2020). "The Simpsons: Hit and Run 2 was in the works at one point and even had a gameplay prototype". gamesradar. Archived from the original on 25 August 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
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