Roberto Marrero in 2020.

Roberto Eugenio Marrero Borjas is a Venezuelan attorney, politician, and chief of staff to Juan Guaidó;[1] he was arrested by SEBIN during a raid on his home in the early morning hours of 21 March 2019,[2] and detained in El Helicoide, a prison run by SEBIN and "considered the country's largest torture center" according to Clarín.[3] Marrero is also an attorney for Leopoldo López;[1] López is Guaidó's mentor and a political prisoner.[4]

Néstor Reverol, Interior Minister, said Marrero was part of a "terrorist cell" that was planning to attack government officials.[5] On 28 March, a judge ruled that Marrero would remain in prison while evidence is gathered; the prosecutor has 45 days to present evidence. He was charged with "conspiracy, money laundering, association to commit a crime and concealment of weapons and explosives".[6]

During the 2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis, the US had repeatedly warned Nicolás Maduro not to go after Guaidó; Haaretz reported that the arrest of Guaidó's number-two person was a test of the US.[2]

Personal life

Roberto Eugenio Marrero Borjas[7] founded the Human Rights Chair at Santa Maria University.[8] He was a councilor for the Baruta Municipality.[9] As of March 2019, he was 49 years old.[10]

Political career

When Carlos Vecchio was prohibited from running in the 2015 Venezuelan parliamentary elections, the Democratic Unity Roundtable (Spanish: Mesa de la Unidad Democrática, MUD) solicited the National Electoral Council to accept Marrero as the candidate for Monagas state.[11] Representing the Popular Will (Spanish: Voluntad Popular) political party, Marrero served as secretary in 2016 for the Venezuelan National Assembly.[8]

According to El Tiempo, Marrero has been working for "years behind the big names of the Venezuelan party Popular Will (VP), outlawed and fiercely persecuted by the regime of Nicolás Maduro."[12] A personal friend of the founder of the Popular Will party, political prisoner Leopoldo López, Marrero was a member of the party's leadership.[12] El Tiempo says he "is considered, by his party colleagues, as one of its main political operators, one of the channels of information closest to Lopez and appointed by him to be a right-hand man, caretaker and advisor to ... Juan Guaidó".[12]

Arrest and detention

External audio
audio icon Marrero audio message during his arrest, from El País, retrieved on 22 March 2019

In the early morning of 21 March 2019, SEBIN officials first broke into the home of Marrero's neighbor, National Assembly deputy Sergio Vergara.[13] Vergara tweeted that there were at least 40 SEBIN officials with long arms in 12 vehicles;[13] The Wall Street Journal reports 15 SEBIN officials.[14] They had Vergara on the floor, asking him where Marrero lived, a question he says he did not answer.[13] Vergara reported that the agent's faces were covered; they held him for several hours although he informed them that he had parliamentary immunity.[5] Vergara said he heard the officials breaking into Marrero's apartment next door. After about three hours between both apartments,[13] the officials took Marrero and Vergara's driver, Luis Alberto Páez Salazar.[9] Vergara says that as he was being taken away, Marrero shouted to him that the officials had planted a grenade and two rifles.[13][15]

Marrero was able to send an audio message before he was taken away, saying:[16]

Guaidó said on 21 March that Marrero's whereabouts were not known.[17] The Guardian says Marrero was taken to El Helicoide;[1] Joel Garcia, Marrero's attorney, said that although he had not been able to see Marrero, he was certain that Marrero was at El Helicoide.[14][3]

El Tiempo said that, because of his closeness to both Guaidó and López, there was concern for Marrero's life; opposition politician Fernando Albán Salazar died after being detained by SEBIN in what his party says was a result of torture, while officials labeled it a suicide.[12] Opposition lawmakers were concerned he would be given psychotropic substances to induce false testimony.[18]

By noon on 22 March, there had been no contact with Marrero, and lawmakers who went to El Helicoide were denied access.[18] In the evening of 22 March, attorneys were able to see Marrero and Paez when they were taken to court for a hearing; they both appeared well "psychically and physically".[19][20]

Charges

Jorge Rodríguez, Maduro's Communications Minister, alleged on state television that "Marrero was the ringleader of a plot to bring hitmen from Central America to Venezuela to carry out assassinations".[21] Rodríguez alleged that Leopoldo López was the head of the "terrorist organization" that included Marrero, Vergara and Freddy Guevara, Carlos Vecchio, Freddy Superlano and two other unnamed persons.[22] As evidence, he offered screen shots from Marrero's cell phone, which Rodríguez claims show that Marrero was arranging payment for these hitmen.[21] Maduro alleged that phone conversations about attempts to assassinate him had been recorded; the opposition denies these allegations.[23]

Several days later, attorney Juan Planchart Márquez, Guaidó's cousin, was arrested and was being held at SEBIN headquarters; Rodríguez claimed Planchart was the "financial operator" of the network that allegedly plotted to assassinate Maduro.[22]

On 28 March, a judge ruled that Marrero would remain in prison while evidence is gathered; the prosecutor has 45 days to present evidence. He was charged with "conspiracy, money laundering, association to commit a crime and concealment of weapons and explosives".[6]

Marrero's brother said Marrero would be held at El Helicoide. Páez was released on the condition that he is prohibited from leaving the country and must present regularly before the court. Planchart was also to remain in prison.[6]

Reactions

Guaidó called it a "vile and vulgar kidnapping", adding "Either Nicolas Maduro doesn't dare to arrest me, or he's not the one giving orders."[5] According to The Wall Street Journal, Guaidó said he had received calls from security force officials disclaiming any involvement in the arrest; he replied that they need say no more, per the 2019 Venezuelan Amnesty Law; he said the "incident was indicative of divides within the Maduro regime".[14]

Hugo Carvajal, the head of Venezuela's military intelligence for ten years during Hugo Chávez's presidency and "one of the government's most prominent figures",[24] said that Maduro had two objectives with the "political kidnapping": 1) to "test the international threats against the dictatorship", and 2) to create a distraction to cover the recent revelations from Ronald Dugarte. Dugarte was formerly with Venezuela's military counterintelligence, and told the Organization of American States (OAS) that political prisoners – both civilians and members of the armed forces – are tortured, and that intelligence work is directed by Cubans in Venezuela.[25]

US special envoy for Venezuela Elliot Abrams said there will be consequences for the five individuals involved in Marrero's arrest.[26][lower-alpha 1] US Secretary of State Pompeo tweeted that the US "will hold accountable those involved".[1] US Senator Marco Rubio said that Maduro's forces were testing the international response, "to calculate how & when to arrest Guaido".[17] US national security advisor John Bolton stated that "Maduro has made another big mistake" that "will not go unanswered".[27] The United States Department of State issued a statement in April 2019 highlighting Marrero's case as an example of the Maduro administration human rights abuses, alleging that "SEBIN has a record of using cruel and inhumane treatment to coerce confessions".[28]

After the arrest of several people around Guaidó, OAS Secretary-General Luis Almagro described it as a "totalitarian attack" and called for "more forceful actions" from other countries.[29] The Lima Group – including Argentina, Brazil and Canada – condemned the arrest.[14] Paraguay's Chancellery tweeted that it condemned the illegal detention and demanded an end to human rights violations in Venezuela.[30] Juan Carlos Varela, President of Panama, said the country would take concrete measures against Maduro's regime if Marrero is not released.[31] Iván Duque Márquez, Colombia's President, called the incident a "vile aggression" and said the international community should "condemn the criminal persecution of the dictatorship".[32] Costa Rica and Peru also condemned the act.[33] Canada's Chrystia Freeland said Marrero had been "illegally detained by the Maduro regime. Intimidation and fear will not stop the return of democracy to #Venezuela. Those responsible must be held accountable."[34]

Michelle Bachelet, chief of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), called on Maduro to reveal Marrero's location.[15] Venezuela's bishops condemned the arrest.[35]

The European Union called for the immediate and unconditional release of Marrero.[36] France insisted that the repression against opposition members has to stop.[37] Germany expressed repudiation for the arbitrary detention, saying it only intensified the conflict, and asked for guarantees of Marrero's safety.[38]

Reuters described the arrest and detention as part of "an escalating crackdown by President Nicolas Maduro against his opponents".[27] USA Today described it as a kidnapping.[17] The New York Times said the arrest resulted in a "significant escalation of the country’s political crisis".[15] Bloomberg said Maduro was pressuring Guaidó, and "testing the commitment of foreign governments to protecting him".[5]

Luis Salamanca, a Central University of Venezuela political scientist told The New York Times that Maduro was "raising the government's bargaining power in any future negotiations over the transfer of power ... but at the same time they are preparing escape routes if their ability to govern deteriorates further.”[15] A risk consultant for London's IHS Markit, Diego Moya-Ocampos, said to Bloomberg that "the regime is testing the international community and its repeated warnings against laying a hand on Maduro's rival [Guaidó] ... if they can’t touch him, they'll go after those close to him."[5] Nicholas Watson of Teneo Intelligence told The Wall Street Journal that "Marrero's arrest looks like a desperate attempt to break Guaidó's momentum .. The weakness in the regime's position is visible in the fact that arresting Guaidó himself would be seen as a step too far."[14] Phil Gunson, analyst at the think tank International Crisis Group, said: “Maduro is essentially calling Trump’s bluff ... [he has] concluded that the military option is a very remote possibility. If he doesn’t see a meaningful response, he would be tempted to take the next step and jail Mr. Guaidó himself.”[15]

An April survey of 1,000 voters by Hercon Consultores found that 71% of Venezuelans surveyed disagreed with Marrero's detention.[39]

Banking sanctions

Just hours after Marrero's detention, the United States Department of the Treasury responded on 22 March 2019 by placing sanctions on BANDES, the Venezuelan Economic and Social Development Bank (Spanish: Banco de Desarrollo Económico y Social de Venezuela) and four of its subsidiaries, that are based in Venezuela, Uruguay and Bolivia.[40][41] The sanctioned subsidiaries are Banco Bandes Uruguay, Banco Bicentenario del Pueblos, Banco Universal SA Banco de Venezuela, and Banco Prodem SA, of Bolivia.[40] The sanctions mean that "all property and interests in property of these entities, and of any entities that are owned, directly or indirectly, 50 percent or more by this entity, that are in the United States or in the possession or control of U.S. persons are blocked" and they "prohibit all dealings by U.S. persons or within (or transiting) the United States that involve any property or interests in property of blocked or designated persons."[41]

US National Security Advisor John Bolton tweeted, "BANDES bank is to Venezuela's financial sector what PDVSA is to its oil sector. This action will severely affect any attempted currency movements by Maduro and his cronies moving forward."[40] Bolton told Univision the sanctions were a direct response to Marrero's arrest, and that "Our aim is to bring this crisis to a conclusion quickly for the benefit of the Venezuelan people to get the Maduro regime to peacefully transition to the Guaido regime so that we can have free and fair elections."[42] Univision said this action "put 'the entire banking sector' on notice" that "persons operating in Venezuela's financial sector may be subject to sanctions."[42]

Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin said, "The willingness of Maduro's inner-circle to exploit Venezuela’s institutions knows no bounds. Regime insiders have transformed BANDES and its subsidiaries into vehicles to move funds abroad in an attempt to prop up Maduro. Maduro and his enablers have distorted the original purpose of the bank, which was founded to help the economic and social well-being of the Venezuelan people, as part of a desperate attempt to hold onto power."[41] Mnuchin warned, "The regime's continued use of kidnapping, torture, and murder of Venezuelan citizens will not be tolerated by the U.S. or the international coalition that is united behind President Guaido. Roberto Marrero and other political prisoners must be released immediately."[43]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The BBC names them as Carol Padilla, prosecutors Farid Mora Salcedo y Dinora Bustamante, and SEBIN officials Dani Contreras and Ángel Flores.[26] El Universal names the same people as Carol Padilla, Farik Mora y Dinorah Bustamante.[13]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Parkin Daniels, Joe (21 March 2019). "Juan Guaidó's chief of staff arrested by Venezuelan agents". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  2. 1 2 "Venezuela detains top aide to Guaido in test of Trump's red line". Haaretz. Reuters. 21 March 2019. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  3. 1 2 "El jefe de gabinete de Juan Guaidó estaría detenido en El Helicoide, la prisión más temida de Venezuela" [Juan Guaidó's chief of staff would be detained in El Helicoide, the most feared prison in Venezuela]. Clarin (in Spanish). 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  4. ↑ "Venezuelan activist Lilian Tintori: 'We don't want confrontation. We want reconciliation.'". PRI. 29 January 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
    * Chavez, Nicole and Rafael Romo (24 January 2019). "Who is Venezuela's Juan Guaido?". CNN. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
    * Rosati, Andrew and Alex Vasquez (23 January 2019). "Who Is Juan Guaido? A Quick Look at the Young Venezuelan Leader". Bloomberg. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
    * Rosati, Andrew and Alex Vasquez (15 January 2019). "Venezuela's Moribund Opposition Stirs With Lawmaker's Emergence". Bloomberg. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Rosati, Andrew and Patricia Laya (21 March 2019). "Venezuela police detain Guaido's chief of staff after raid". Bloomberg – via ProQuest. Also available online with a subscription.
  6. 1 2 3 "El jefe de despacho de Juan Guaidó seguirá en prisión por orden de la justicia chavista" [Juan Guaidó's chief of staff will remain in prison by order of chavista justice]. InfoBae (in Spanish). 29 March 2019. Retrieved 29 March 2019.
  7. ↑ "AN desaprueba Decreto 2.184 sobre emergencia económica". La Patilla (in Spanish). 23 January 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  8. 1 2 Ramos, Gabriel (21 March 2019). "Perfil: Roberto Marrero: El fundador de la cátedra de DDHH en la USM que detuvo el Sebin" [Profile: Roberto Marrero: The founder of the Human Rights Chair at the USM who was stopped by Sebin]. El Pitazo (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  9. 1 2 Rodrigues Rosas, Ronny (22 March 2019). "Asamblea Nacional pide sanciones por 'secuestro' de Roberto Marrero" [National Assembly calls for sanctions for the 'kidnapping' of Roberto Marrero]. Efecto Cocuyo (in Spanish). Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  10. ↑ "Venezuela crisis: Guaidó aide faces terrorism charges". BBC. 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  11. ↑ "Unidad exige al CNE oficializar candidatura de Roberto Marrero en Monagas" [MUD demands the CNE to formalize the candidacy of Roberto Marrero in Monagas]. La Patilla (in Spanish). 4 December 2015. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  12. 1 2 3 4 Lares Martiz, Valentina (21 March 2019). "¿Quién es Marrero, el aliado de Guaidó detenido por régimen de Maduro?" [Who is Marrero, the ally of Guaidó arrested by the Maduro regime?]. El Tiempo (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Sebin detuvo a Roberto Marrero y allanó vivienda del diputado Sergio Vergara" [SEBIN detained Roberto Marrero and raided the home of deputy Sergio Vergara]. El Universal (in Spanish). 21 March 2019. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 Vyas, Kejal (21 March 2019). "Venezuela intelligence police detain top opposition aide; Arrest threatens to raise tensions and provoke U.S. punitive measures". Wall Street Journal – via ProQuest.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 "Venezuela crisis escalates as Guaido's chief of staff is arrested". New York Times. 21 March 2019 – via ProQuest. Also available online with subscription.
  16. ↑ "Audios de Roberto Marrero en el momento en que el Sebin allana su casa" [Audios from Roberto Marrero in the moment SEBIN raids his home]. La Patilla (in Spanish). 21 March 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  17. 1 2 3 Shesgreen, Deirdre (21 March 2019). "Venezuelan forces kidnap opposition leader Juan Guaido's chief of staff in raid". USA Today. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  18. 1 2 "Advierten que a Marrero le podrían 'aplicar sustancias' para dar falso testimonio" [Warning that Marrero could be given 'substances' to give false testimony]. Tal Cual Digital (in Spanish). 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  19. ↑ "'Se encuentran bien anímica y físicamente', abogados pudieron ver a Roberto Marrero y Luis Páez" ['They are well psychically and physically', lawyers could see Roberto Marrero and Luis Páez]. Alberto News (in Spanish). 23 March 2019. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
  20. ↑ "Roberto Marrero y Luis Páez están en buen estado de salud" [Roberto Marrero and Luis Páez are in good health]. El Nacional (in Spanish). 23 March 2019. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
  21. 1 2 Montoya B., Susan (23 March 2019). "Venezuela lays out accusations against Guaido's top aide". Associated Press.
  22. 1 2 "Juan Planchart se encuentra detenido en el Sebin de Plaza Venezuela" [Juan Planchart is detained in the SEBIN at Plaza Venezuela]. El Nacional (in Spanish). 24 March 2019. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
  23. ↑ "Venezuela's Maduro claims opposition plotting his assassination". Euro News. 24 March 2019. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
  24. ↑ Herrero, Ana Vanessa and Nicholas Casey (22 February 2019). "Venezuela's Ex-Spy Chief Breaks With Maduro: 'You Have Killed Hundreds'". New York Times (Late Edition (East Coast) ed.). p. A.6 – via ProQuest. Also available online.
  25. ↑ "Hugo Carvajal asegura que el 'secuestro' de Marrero tiene dos objetivos para Maduro" [Hugo Carvajal assures that Marrero's 'kidnapping' has two objectives for Maduro]. Tal Cual Digital. 21 March 2019. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  26. 1 2 "La respuesta de Estados Unidos a la detención en Venezuela de Roberto Marrero, la mano derecha de Juan Guaidó: habrá consecuencias 'inmediatas y duras'" [The response of the United States to the arrest in Venezuela of Roberto Marrero, the right hand of Juan Guaidó: there will be 'immediate and hard' consequences]. BBC Mundo (in Spanish). 21 March 2019. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  27. 1 2 Sequera, Vivian and Angus Berwick (21 March 2019). "Venezuela detains top aide to Guaido in move U.S. calls 'big mistake'". Reuters. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  28. ↑ Altuve, Armando (15 April 2019). "Estados Unidos: Maduro viola sistemáticamente los derechos humanos y la dignidad de venezolanos" [United States: Maduro sistematically violates human rights and dignity of Venezuelans] (in Spanish). El Pitazo. Referencing "Nicolas Maduro: Corruption and chaos in Venezuela" (Press release). United States Department of State. 15 April 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
  29. ↑ Pineda Sleinan, Julett (24 March 2019). "Almagro condena 'arremetida totalitaria' contra el entorno de Guaidó" [Almagro condemns 'totalitarian attack' against the environment of Guaidó]. Efecto Cocuyo (in Spanish). Retrieved 25 March 2019.
  30. ↑ "Paraguay condena el secuestro de Roberto Marrero" [Paraguay condemns the kidnapping of Roberto Marrero]. La Patilla (in Spanish). 21 March 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  31. ↑ "Panamá tomará medidas concretas contra el régimen de Maduro si no libera a Roberto Marrero" [Panama will take concrete measures against the Maduro regime if it does not free Roberto Marrero]. La Patilla (in Spanish). 21 March 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  32. ↑ "Duque: La comunidad internacional tiene que condenar la persecución criminal del régimen de Maduro" [Duque: The international community has to condemn the criminal persecution of the Maduro regime]. La Patilla (in Spanish). 21 March 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  33. ↑ "Las reacciones de la comunidad internacional a la detención de Roberto Marrero, director de despacho de Guaidó" [The reactions of the international community to the arrest of Roberto Marrero, director of the Guaidó office]. CNN Español (in Spanish). 21 March 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  34. ↑ "Canadá dice que los responsables del secuestro de Marrero deben rendir cuentas" [Canada says that those responsible for Marrero's kidnapping must be held accountable]. La Patilla (in Spanish). 21 March 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  35. ↑ Blears, James (23 March 2019). "Venezuelan bishops condemn arrest of opposition leader's Chief of Staff". Vatican News. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
  36. ↑ "Statement by the Spokesperson on the latest developments in Venezuela". European External Action Service - European Commission. 21 March 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  37. ↑ "Venezuela : le chef de cabinet de Juan Guaido arrêté par les services de renseignement". Le Monde (in French). 21 March 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  38. ↑ "Cancillería de Alemania: Arresto de Marrero intensifica aún más el conflicto en Venezuela" [Chancellery of Germany: Marrero's arrest further intensifies the conflict in Venezuela]. La Patilla (in Spanish). 21 March 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  39. ↑ "87,5 % de los venezolanos no cree los cuentos de Nicolás Maduro sobre tesis del "sabotaje eléctrico" (Encuesta Hercon)". La Patilla (in Spanish). 5 April 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
  40. 1 2 3 "US slaps sanctions on Venezuelan bank". France 24. 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  41. 1 2 3 "Treasury sanctions BANDES, Venezuela's National Development Bank, and subsidiaries, in response to illegal arrest of Guaido aide" (Press release). US Department of the Treasury. 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  42. 1 2 Adams, David C. (22 March 2019). "US tightens the screws on Venezuela's Maduro with banking sanctions". Univision. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  43. ↑ Reichmann, Deb (22 March 2019). "Venezuela sanctions announced as Trump meets with Caribbean leaders at Mar-a-Lago". Sun Sentinel. Associated Press. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
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