Soyuz-A

Soyuz-A
Specifications
Soyuz 7K-9K-11K circumlunar concept. The drawing shows Soyuz 7K (right), Soyuz 9K booster, and Soyuz 11K tanker with twin whip antennas (left)

Manufacturer	OKB-1
Country of origin	Soviet Union
Applications	Carry up to three cosmonauts to lunar orbit.


Regime	Low Earth Medium Earth Circumlunar



Production
Status	Cancelled
Launched	None


Related spacecraft
Derivatives	Soyuz 7K-OK (first Soyuz generation to fly crewed)

Sergei Korolev initially promoted the Soyuz A-B-V circumlunar complex (7K-9K-11K) concept (also known as L1) in which a two-man craft Soyuz 7K would rendezvous with other components (9K and 11K) in Earth orbit to assemble a lunar excursion vehicle, the components being delivered by the proven R-7 rocket. ^[1]^[2]

Besides the Soyuz 7K spacecraft, the complex would feature a Soyuz 9K booster and a Soyuz 11K tanker with twin whip antennas.

The 7K would have been equipped with cameras and sensors to study the lunar surface during the flyby, at a distance of 1,000 to 20,000 km from the Moon's surface. Total flight time would have been 7 to 8 days.

Relation with other Soyuz versions

Soyuz 7K manned spacecraft concept (1963)

Soyuz A is the base concept for the entire Soyuz spacecraft family. The 7K series is a direct descendant of this original proposal. The list below shows proposed, flown (in bold) and military (in italic) Soyuz versions.

Soyuz-A (1963)
- Soyuz P (1962)
  - Soyuz PPK (1964)
- Soyuz R (1962)
  - Soyuz 7K-TK (1966)
- Soyuz 7K-VI Zvezda (1964)
- Soyuz OIS (1967)
  - Soyuz OB-VI (1967)
  - Soyuz 7K-S (1974)
  - Soyuz 7K-ST (1974)
    - Soyuz T (1976-86)
      - Soyuz TM (1986-02)
      - Soyuz TMA (2002-12)
      - Soyuz TMA-M (2010-16)
      - Soyuz MS (2016-...)
    - Progress M (1989-09)
    - Progress M1 (2000-14)
    - Progress MS (2015)
- Soyuz 7K-LOK (1967)
  - Soyuz 7K-L1 (1967-70)
    - Soyuz 7K-L1E (1970-71)
- Soyuz 7K-OK (1967-71)
  - Soyuz 7K-OKS (1971)
    - Soyuz 7K-T (1973-81)
      - Progress 7K-TG (1978-90)
    - Soyuz 7K-TM (1975)

References

↑ "Soyuz A". astronautix.com. Mark Wade. 2001-10-31. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
↑ Pike, John. "L-1 Lunar Circumnavigation Mission". GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 2009-06-30.

Soyuz programme

Main topics

Past missions
(by spacecraft type)

Soyuz 7K-OK (1966–1970)	Kosmos 133† Soyuz 7K-OK No.1† (uncrewed) Kosmos 140 Soyuz 1† Kosmos 186 188 212 213 238 Soyuz 2 (uncrewed) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Soyuz 7K-L1 (1967–1970) (Zond lunar programme)	Kosmos 146 154† Zond 1967A† 1967B† Zond 4 1968A† 1968B† 5 6 1969A† Zond-M 1† M 2† Zond 7 8 9 10
Soyuz 7K-L1E (1969–1970)	Soyuz 7K-L1E No.1† Kosmos 382
Soyuz 7K-LOK (1971–1972)	Soyuz 7K-LOK No.1† No.2†
Soyuz 7K-OKS (1971)	Soyuz 10† 11†
Soyuz 7K-T (1972–1981)	Kosmos 496 573 Soyuz 12 Kosmos 613 Soyuz 13 Kosmos 656 Soyuz 14 15† 17 18a† 18 20 (uncrewed) 21 23† 24 25† 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 (uncrewed landing) 33† 34 (uncrewed launch) 35 36 37 38 39 40
Soyuz 7K-TM (1974–1976)	Kosmos 638 672 Soyuz 16 19 (Apollo–Soyuz) 22
Soyuz 7K-S (1974–1976)	Kosmos 670 772† 869†
Soyuz-T (1978–1986)	Kosmos 1001† 1074 Soyuz T-1 (uncrewed) T-2 T-3 T-4 T-5 T-6 T-7 T-8† T-9 T-10a† T-10 T-11 T-12 T-13 T-14 T-15
Soyuz-TM (1986–2002)	Soyuz TM-1 (uncrewed) TM-2 TM-3 TM-4 TM-5 TM-6 TM-7 TM-8 TM-9 TM-10 TM-11 TM-12 TM-13 TM-14 TM-15 TM-16 TM-17 TM-18 TM-19 TM-20 TM-21 TM-22 TM-23 TM-24 TM-25 TM-26 TM-27 TM-28 TM-29 TM-30 TM-31 TM-32 TM-33 TM-34
Soyuz-TMA (2002–2012)	Soyuz TMA-1 TMA-2 TMA-3 TMA-4 TMA-5 TMA-6 TMA-7 TMA-8 TMA-9 TMA-10 TMA-11 TMA-12 TMA-13 TMA-14 TMA-15 TMA-16 TMA-17 TMA-18 TMA-19 TMA-20 TMA-21 TMA-22
Soyuz-TMA-M (2010–2016)	Soyuz TMA-01M TMA-02M TMA-03M TMA-04M TMA-05M TMA-06M TMA-07M TMA-08M TMA-09M TMA-10M TMA-11M TMA-12M TMA-13M TMA-14M TMA-15M TMA-16M TMA-17M TMA-18M TMA-19M TMA-20M
Soyuz MS (2016–present)	Soyuz MS-01 MS-02 MS-03 MS-04 MS-05 MS-06 MS-07 MS-08 MS-09 MS-10† MS-11 MS-12 MS-13 MS-14 (uncrewed test flight) MS-15 MS-16 MS-17 MS-18 MS-19 MS-20 MS-21 MS-22 (uncrewed landing) MS-23 (uncrewed launch)

Current missions

MS-24

Future missions

2024
- MS-25

Uncrewed missions are designated as Kosmos instead of Soyuz; exceptions are noted "(uncrewed)".
The † sign designates failed missions. Italics designates cancelled missions.

Soyuz spacecraft variants
Early programme	Sever Soyuz 7K Soyuz 9K Soyuz 11K Soyuz-VI Soyuz P Soyuz PPK Soyuz R Soyuz 7K-TK
7K series	Soyuz 7K-OK Soyuz 7K-L1 Soyuz 7K-LOK Soyuz 7K-TK Soyuz 7K-OKS Soyuz 7K-T Soyuz 7K-T/A9 Soyuz 7K-TM Soyuz 7K-MF6
Later series	Soyuz-S Soyuz-T Soyuz-TM Soyuz TMA/Soyuz TMA-M Soyuz MS
Progress	Progress 7K-TG Progress-M Progress-M1 Progress-M2 Progress-MS
Other derivatives	Aelita Gamma

Soviet and Russian government human spaceflight programs
Active	Soyuz ISS (joint) Russian Orbital Segment
In development	Orel
Past	Vostok Voskhod Salyut Almaz (incorporated into Salyut program) / TKS Apollo–Soyuz (joint) Mir Shuttle-Mir (joint)
Cancelled	Moon: Zond (7K-L1), N1-L3, LK-700, Zvezda Interplanetary: TMK Spaceplanes: Spiral, Energia / Buran, MAKS, Kliper, LKS, Tupolev Tu-2000 Capsules: Zvezda, Zarya Space Stations: OPSEK
Related	List of Soyuz missions List of Soviet human spaceflight missions List of Russian human spaceflight missions Cosmonaut ranks and positions

Crewed lunar spacecraft
Orbiters	Apollo command and service module Cancelled LK-1 / LK-700 (VA) Zond (Soyuz 7K-L1) LOK (Soyuz 7K-L3) Future Lunar Gateway‎ Orion Orel Next-generation
Landers	Apollo Lunar Module Canceled Lunniy Korabl Altair Future Blue Moon Chinese crewed lunar lander Starship HLS
Proposed	Lunar Orbital Station Boeing Lunar Lander Lockheed Martin Lunar Lander
Related	Moon landing conspiracy theories List of lunar probes List of artificial objects on the Moon List of missions to the Moon

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Relation with other Soyuz versions

See also

References