Spanish Cross Spanienkreuz
Spanish Cross in Bronze with Swords
Type	Badge
Presented by	Nazi Germany
Eligibility	Military personnel
Campaign(s)	Spanish Civil War
Status	Obsolete
Established	14 April 1939
Total	Bronze without Swords – 7,869 Silver without Swords – 327 Bronze with Swords – 8,462 Silver with Swords – 8,304 Gold with Swords – 1,126 Gold with Swords and Diamonds – 28
Cross for next of kin: ribbon

The Spanish Cross (German: Spanien-Kreuz)^[1] was an award of Nazi Germany given to German troops who participated in the Spanish Civil War, fighting for nationalist general, later Spanish caudillo, Francisco Franco.^[2]

History

With the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in July 1936, Germany sent the Condor Legion, drawn from the German air force and army, to aid Franco's Nationalist forces. On 14 April 1939, Germany instituted the Spanish Cross as a decoration for the German airmen and soldiers who fought in the Condor Legion during the war.^[3] A number of German Navy ships served in Spanish waters, their crew also qualifying for the cross.^[4]

The Spanish Cross was to be worn on the right breast below the pocket flap or, if awarded, below the Blood Order. After the death of the recipient, the award remains with the next-of-kin.^[3]

The wear of Nazi era awards was banned in 1945. The Spanish Cross was not among those awards reauthorised for official wear by the Federal Republic of Germany in 1957.^[5]

Classes

The Spanish Cross filled the dual role of gallantry decoration and campaign medal.^[4] The Cross was awarded in Gold, Silver and Bronze classes to reflect the rank or merit of the recipient. The Silver and Bronze classes were awarded with and without swords, the Gold only with swords. For outstanding bravery in combat, the Gold class could be awarded with diamonds.^[3]

Each class, and the numbers awarded, were:^[4]

Bronze

The non-combatant version was awarded without swords to military personnel or civilian technicians for three months of service in Spain without combat experience.

7,869 bronze crosses were awarded.

The Spanish Cross in Bronze with Swords version.

Bronze with Swords

The Spanish Cross in Bronze with Swords was given to individuals involved in front line combat during the war.

8,462 bronze crosses with swords were awarded.

Design

The Spanish Cross is a Maltese cross with, in its centre, a swastika on a roundel. Between each arm of the cross is the Luftwaffe eagle and, for the versions with swords, two crossed swords, placed behind the eagle symbols. The diamond class had brilliants placed around the swastika in the central roundel.^[6]

The reverse side is plain and has a pin used for wearing the cross on the uniform.^[6]

The cross for next of kin is bronze and similar to the cross without swords, but smaller in size. Unlike the others, it is attached to a ribbon in black with edges in red, yellow, and red (the colours of the Spanish flag).^[4]

Recipients

* Won the Spanish Cross in Gold with Swords and Diamonds version

References