The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Muscat, Oman.
Prior to 20th century
- 550 BCE - Achaemenids in power (approximate date).[1]
- 100s CE - Migration of Arab tribes from Yemen.[1]
- 300s CE - Arab tribes expelled the Sassanians.[1]
- 633 CE - Regional Islamization.[1]
- 696 CE - Umayyad army attempting to seize Muscat was defeated.[2]
- 865 CE - Flood destroy a portion of the city.[2]
- 1507 - City taken by Portuguese forces under command of Afonso de Albuquerque.[1]
- 1522 - Uprising against Portuguese rule.[1]
- 1546 - City bombarded by Ottoman ships without landing.[1]
- 1552 - Capture of Muscat (1552) by Ottoman forces under Piri Reis for a brief period.[2]
- 1581 - City pillaged by Ottomans under command of Piri Reis before withdrawing.[2]
- 1586-1588 - Fort al-Jalali and Fort al-Mirani completed.[2][3]
- 1624 - Construction begins of "earthen land wall" around city.[2]
- 1640 - City attacked by forces of Nasir bin Murshid.[2]
- 1648 - City besieged by Nasir ibn Murshid but Portuguese sued for peace.[2]
- 1650 - City taken by forces of Sultan bin Saif; Portuguese ousted.[2][4]
- 1670 - Dutch East India Company factory established.[1]
- 1738 - Muscat occupied by forces of Muhammad Taqi Khan of Fars.[5]
- 1740s - Ahmad bin Said al-Busaidi in power.[6][7]
- 1792 - Albusaidi monarch Hamad ibn Said relocates the capital of Oman from Rustaq to Muscat.[1]
- 1800 - British representative of the British East India Company takes residence in Muscat.[2]
- 1806 - Said bin Sultan in power.[8]
- 1832 - Capital of the Omani empire relocated from Muscat to colonial Zanzibar by Said bin Sultan.[9]
- 1845 - Bait al-Falaj Fort built.[10]
- 1856 - Thuwaini bin Said becomes sultan of the newly formed Sultanate of Muscat and Oman and his capital is Muscat.
- 1879 - The United States consulate is established in Muscat.[2]
- 1890 - Cyclonic storm flooding kills 700 people.[2]
- 1893 - Hospital established.[1]
- 1894 - French consulate established.[2]
- 1899 - Bubonic plague strikes at Muscat.[2]
20th century
- 1928 - Al-Sa'idiyah School established.[2]
- 1929 - Vehicular road into city built "by the hacking out of a one-lane track through the mountains."[3]
- 1932 - Said bin Taimur becomes sultan.[1]
- 1939 - Municipal council established.[11]
- 1943 - Bombing of ship in harbor by Japanese forces.[1]
- 1948 - British Bank of the Middle East branch in business.[2]
- 1949 - Municipal Law for the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman issued.[11]
- 1951 - Indian consulate established.[2]
- 1952 - Population: 4,200 in town (approximate estimate).[12]
- 1960 - Population: 5,080 in town; 6,208 urban agglomeration (approximate estimate).[13]
- 1962 - Muttrah-Muscat road paved.[2]
- 1963 - Slavery abolished.[1]
- 1967 - Petroleum Development Oman headquartered in Muscat.
- 1968 - Electric power plant commissioned in Riyam.[2]
- 1970 - Qaboos bin Said al Said in power.[1]
- 1972
- June: Muttrah and Muscat merge to form the Muscat Municipality.[11]
- Al Alam Palace built.
- 1973
- Seeb Airport opens.
- British School – Muscat established.
- 1974
- Port Sultan Qaboos built in Muttrah.[3]
- Museum of Omani Heritage opens.
- 1975
- Office of municipality president established.[11]
- Times of Oman newspaper begins publication.[14]
- 1981
- Oman Daily Observer newspaper begins publication.[14]
- Ministry of Social Affairs and Labor[15] and Ministry of Petroleum[15] built.
- 1984 - Muscat Governorate established.[11]
- 1985
- Gulf Cooperation Council meets in Muscat.[2][16]
- Al-Bustan Palace Hotel in business.[2]
- Oman Natural History Museum opens.[10]
- 1986 - Sultan Qaboos University opens.[14]
- 1987 - Royal Hospital built.[15]
- 1988
- Muscat Securities Market established.
- Alwatan newspaper in publication.[17]
- French embassy built.[15]
- 1990 - Oman Children's Museum established.
- 1992 - Omani French Museum established.
- 1993
- 1995 - Oman Oil and Gas Exhibition Centre established.
- 1996 - National Hospitality Institute headquartered in city.
- 1998 - Bait al Zubair museum opens.
21st century
- 2001
- Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque built.
- Muscat Gate Museum opens.
- Population: 685,676 in governorate.[14]
- 2006 - Bait Al Baranda (house museum) opened.
- 2010 - Al-Musannah Sports City opened.[18]
- 2011
- Royal Opera House Muscat opened in Shati Al-Qurm.
- 2012 - Muscat Expressway built.[3]
- 2013 - Fish souk rebuilt.[3]
- 2018
- 2020
- in January 2020, Haitham bin Tariq Al Said became the new successor of Oman after the sad demise of the then His Majesty Sultan Qaboos.
- NOC (No Objection Certificate) abolished amidst COVID-19.
See also
- Muscat history
- List of cities in Oman (also by population, in German)
- Old Muscat
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Turner 2008.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Peterson 2007.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Muscat". Oman (3rd ed.). Bradt Travel Guides. 2013. p. 71+. ISBN 978-1-84162-471-6.
- ↑ BBC News (24 August 2011). "Oman Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
- ↑ Bosworth 2007.
- ↑ "Oman". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440.
- ↑ Willem Floor. "Sea of Oman". Encyclopædia Iranica. New York: Columbia University, Center for Iranian Studies. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
- ↑ Malcolm C. Peck (2007). Historical Dictionary of the Gulf Arab States. USA: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6416-0.
- ↑ Watson 1996.
- 1 2 3 "Mascate". Oman (in French). Petit Futé. 2007. p. 81+. ISBN 978-2-7469-1641-8.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "About the Municipality: Brief History". Muscat Municipality. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
- ↑ Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 1268, OL 6112221M
- ↑ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - 1 2 3 4 5 "Oman". Europa World Year Book. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
- 1 2 3 4 5 (Muscat, Oman), ArchNet, retrieved 30 April 2015
- ↑ "GCC Most Prominent Decisions (timeline)" (PDF). Qatar News Agency. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
- ↑ "About Us". Alwatan.com. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
- ↑ Oman 2010. The Report. London: Oxford Business Group. 2010. ISBN 978-1-907065-13-2.
- ↑ Agerholm, Harriet (26 April 2018). "Avicii death: Family reveals he 'could not go on any longer' and 'wanted to find peace'". The Independent. Archived from the original on 2022-05-07. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
- ↑ "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations
Bibliography
- Published in 18th-19th centuries
- Carsten Niebuhr (1792). "Of the Province of Oman". Travels through Arabia. Translated by Robert Heron. Edinburgh: R. Morison and Son. hdl:2027/mdp.39015004297621.
Maskat
- William Milburn (1813), "Muscat", Oriental Commerce: containing a geographical description of the principal places in the East Indies, China, and Japan, London: Black, Parry & Co., hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t1hh6sn82, OCLC 6856418
- Abraham Rees (1819), "Mascat", The Cyclopædia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, hdl:2027/mdp.39015057241120
- James Horsburgh (1852). "Arabia, N.E. Coast: Muscat". India Directory: Or, Directions for Sailing to and from the East Indies, China, Australia, and the Interjacent Ports of Africa and South America (6th ed.). London: William H. Allen & Co. – via Google Books.
- Grattan Geary (1878), "Muscat", Through Asiatic Turkey, London: S. Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington, OCLC 4918876
- Edward Balfour (1885), "Muscat", Cyclopaedia of India (3rd ed.), London: B. Quaritch, hdl:2027/mdp.39015068611014
- Published in 20th century
- "Muscat", Chambers's Encyclopaedia, London: W. & R. Chambers, 1901, hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t3bz6g65j
- John Gordon Lorimer (1908). Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf. Calcutta. pp. 1364–1425. hdl:2027/uc1.l0061307658.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Muscat", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co., hdl:2027/loc.ark:/13960/t89g6g776
- Fred Scholz [in German] (1990). Muscat, Sultanat Oman: geographische Skizze einer einmaligen arabischen Stadt [Muscat, Sultanate of Oman: geographical sketch of a unique Arabian city] (in German). Berlin: Das arabische Buch. ISBN 978-3-923446-58-2.
- Noelle Watson, ed. (1996). "Muscat". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa. UK: Routledge. p. 529. ISBN 1884964036.
- Abdelhamid Mahmoud Hussein Nasr (1997). Musqat asimat Oman (in Arabic). Irbid.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
- Published in 21st century
- Clifford Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Muscat". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. pp. 417–419. ISBN 978-9004153882.
- J.E. Peterson (2007). "Chronology". Historical Muscat. Brill. p. 117+. ISBN 978-90-04-15266-3.
- Angie Turner (2008), "Muscat", in Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley (eds.), Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, USA: ABC-CLIO, pp. 262–264, ISBN 9781576079195
- J.E. Peterson (2014). "Muscat as a Port City". In Lawrence G. Potter (ed.). The Persian Gulf in Modern Times: People, Ports, and History. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 153+. ISBN 978-1-137-48577-9.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Muscat.
- Map of Muscat, 1985
- "(Muscat)". Qatar Digital Library. Qatar National Library.
- Europeana. Items related to Muscat, various dates.
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