世界语语音
世界語的作者柴門霍夫以和其他主要歐洲語言比較的方法說明了世界語的讀音。世界語有一條規則是「一個字母，一個聲音」。但由於用作比較的語言不是完全相同，所以他後來以意大利語作為基準。
 世界语旗帜 |
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由於世界語已用了超過一個世紀，所以世界語已形成了一個語音規法，而且有已被接受的詳細發音、[1] 語音組合法[2]和聲調語言[3]。
發明
最初的世界語詞彙含有24個輔音，11個元音，5 simple和6個雙元音。
輔音
| 唇音 | 齒齦音 | 後部齒莖音 | 硬口蓋音 | 軟齶音 | 兩唇軟口蓋音 | 聲門音 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鼻音 | m | n | ||||||
| 塞音 | 清 | p | t | k | (kv) | |||
| 濁 | b | d | ɡ | (ɡv) | ||||
| 塞擦音 | 清 | t͡s | t͡ʃ | |||||
| 濁 | d͡z | d͡ʒ | ||||||
| 擦音 | 清 | f | s | ʃ | x | h | ||
| 濁 | v | z | ʒ | |||||
| 近音 | l | j | (w) | |||||
| 顫音 | r | |||||||
不常用的塞擦音/d͡z/在世界語的字母中沒有一個清楚的字母，但以複合字母dz表示，如edzo（丈夫）。[4]
It has been argued that the Esperanto sequences kv, gv are also phonemes, representing the phonemic /kʷ, ɡʷ/ of their Latinate and Germanic sources.
字母和發音
| 子音 | 元音和雙元音 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 字母 | 英語 | IPA | 字母 | 英語 | IPA | ||
| b | b | [b] | a | banana | [a] | ||
| c | ts | [t͡s] | e | bet | [e] | ||
| ĉ | ch | [t͡ʃ] | i | bit | [i] | ||
| d | d | [d] | o | bot | [o] | ||
| f | f | [f] | u | boot | [u] | ||
| g | go | [ɡ] | |||||
| ĝ | giraffe | [d͡ʒ] | aj | bye | [ai̯] | ||
| h | h | [h] | aŭ | bough | [au̯] | ||
| ĥ | loch | [x] | ej | bay | [ei̯] | ||
| j | y | [j] | eŭ | * | [eu̯] | ||
| ĵ | pleasure | [ʒ] | oj | boy | [oi̯] | ||
| k | k | [k] | uj | phooey | [ui̯] | ||
| l | l | [l] | (as one syllable) | ||||
| m | m | [m] | *Something similar to eŭ can be heard in exaggerated mimicry – as delivered by such American comedians as Carol Burnett – of the British pronunciation of the word "oh" Ŭ is a consonant in foreign names, | ||||
| n | n | [n] | |||||
| p | p | [p] | |||||
| r | r (rolled) | [r] | |||||
| s | s | [s] | |||||
| ŝ | sh | [ʃ] | |||||
| t | t | [t] | |||||
| v | v | [v] | |||||
| z | z | [z] | |||||
参考文献
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