古巴尔干语族
古巴尔干语族是印欧语系下一个已经灭绝的分支,包含了古代巴尔干地区使用的各种语言,除了古希腊语以及少数弗里吉亚语和梅萨比语资料以外,古巴尔干语族相关语言的资料十分稀少,导致相关研究受到影响。其他相关语言还有阿尔巴尼亚语、色雷斯语和古马其顿语。
民族學單元系列 |
印歐學 |
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受到希腊化、罗马化和斯拉夫化的影响,古巴尔干语言到现代仅存的孑遗是希腊语和阿尔巴尼亚语,后者来自伊利里亚语、色雷斯语、达契亚语或其他相关语言。[1][2][3]
系属分类
细分假说
伊利里亚语是一组据说是印欧语的语言,其与其他印欧语、与古巴尔干语(其中许多可能是伊利里亚语的分支)的关系知之甚少,目前仍在研究中。伊利里亚语一般认为是颚音语,但也有咝音的证据。现在伊利里亚语语料的主要信源有传世文献中的大量词汇、民族称呼、人名、地名、水名等。[23]
将伊利里亚语和梅萨比语划到一起的假说已经提出了有一个世纪,仍未被证实。这基于文献、考古和专名现象的考虑。梅萨比语物质文化与伊利里亚语有许多相似之处;有些梅萨比语人名与伊利里亚语很相似。
将伊利里亚语和利布尔尼亚语、威尼托语划到一起的假说现在已经不流行,它们可能有较大差别[24]。
将伊利里亚语和达契亚语、色雷斯语划在一起,构成色雷斯-伊利里亚语的假说[25]与以密细亚语代替伊利里亚语位置的达契亚-色雷斯语假说存在竞争。[26]色雷斯语本身的系属分类存在很大争议。
培奥尼亚语的分类地位不明。[27]有人认为培奥尼亚语就是一种伊利里亚语或色雷斯语。弗里吉亚语则一般认为很接近希腊语。[28]
古马其顿语的分类及其与希腊语的关系也不确定。有文献称古马其顿语是一种多利亚希腊语,不过也有可能它们只是形成了语言联盟。[29]
另见
- 巴尔干语言联盟
- 希腊-亚美尼亚语族
- 阿尔巴尼亚人起源问题
- 希腊-阿尔巴尼亚语族
- 古巴尔干神话
- 东南欧史前史
- 亚美尼亚-弗里吉亚人
参考文献
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Such a lexical difference would, however, be hardly enough evidence to separate Daco-Moesian from Thracian [...]
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- Cf. Paglia, Sorin (2002),"Pre-Slavic and Pre-Romance Place-Names in Southeast Europe." 'Proceedings of the 8th International Congress of Thracology', Sofia, Bulgarian Institute of Thracology – Europa Antiqua Foundation – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, I, 219–229, who states: "According to the available data, we may surmise that Thracian and Illyrian were mutually understandable, e.g. like Czech and Slovak, in one extreme, or like Spanish and Portuguese, at the other."
- Vladimir Georgiev (1960), Raporturile dintre limbile dacă, tracă şi frigiană, "Studii Clasice" Journal, II, 1960, 39–58.
- . Encyclopedia Britannica. [2020-05-03]. (原始内容存档于2020-05-05) (英语).
- Brixhe, Cl. "Le Phrygien". In Fr. Bader (ed.), Langues indo-européennes, pp. 165–178, Paris: CNRS Editions.
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资料
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阅读更多
- Grbić, Dragana. "Greek, Latin and Palaeo-Balkan Languages in Contact (页面存档备份,存于)". In: Rhesis International Journal of Linguistics, Philology and Literature Linguistics and Philology 7.1. Atti del Workshop Internazionale “Contact Phenomena Between Greek and Latin and Peripheral Languages in the Mediterranean Area (1200 B.C. – 600 A.D.)” Associazione Culturale Rodopis – Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Dipartimento di Filologia Letteratura e Linguistica, 13–14 aprile 2015, 2016, 7.1, pp. 56–65.
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