哈尼语支
语言
在Lama (2012)中提出、包含Bradley (2007)的分支树如下:
Hanoish |
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Lama (2012)中的哈尼语群在Bradley (2007)中称作阿克语群,后者认为阿克语群分为哈尼-阿卡语和豪尼-白宏语。
其他南部彝语包括:
- 木达语
- 帕札语(Phusang, Paza)是一种最近发现的老挝北部与西拉语相关的语言[2]
- 帕那语[3]在老挝。使用者被划为阿卡族。正被如阿卡语和拉祜语的大语言替换
- 在元江哈尼族彝族傣族自治县因远镇使用的梭比语
Kato (2008)还记录了:
- 基尔语 (la21 ja21)
云南省中南部的其他南部彝语变体包括布孔语、布都语、[4]阿梭语、堕塔语、[5]阿木语、腊米语、切弟语、卡别语、[6]窝尼语、多尼语和哈备语。哈备语是一种未分类的南部彝语。
Hsiu (2016, 2018)
2016年一个计算机技术系统发生词汇分析研究(Hsiu (2016)[7])区分出下列5支南部彝语,证实了Lama (2012)和Bradley (2007)提出的哈尼语和毕苏语分支。一个新的西拉语分支已添加。
- 哈尼语支
上列哈尼语支树随后由Hsiu (2018)[8]修订如下,包含6个次分支。
- 哈尼语支
Hsiu (2018)认为哈尼-阿卡方言和碧卡方言属于云南中南部的北部组,而西拉语群、毕苏语群、基诺语和Mpi语群所属的南部组则在中国-老挝国境线上。[8]
创新
Lama (2012)列举了下列从原始彝语到哈尼语的创新。
参考
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). . . Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.
- . [2021-03-30]. (原始内容存档于2011-05-12).
- Bradley, David (2007). "Language Endangerment in China and Mainland Southeast Asia". In Matthias Brenzinger, ed. Language diversity endangered. New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
- 中国少数民族社会历史调查资料丛刊》修订编辑委员会. 2009. 哈尼族社会历史调查, p.94, 99. Beijing: 民族出版社.
- 江城县年鉴 (1989:351)
- 蒋颖, 崔霞, 乔翔. 2009. 西摩洛语研究. Beijing: 民族出版社.
- Hsiu, Andrew. 2016. The classification of Cosao: a Lolo-Burmese language of China and Laos (页面存档备份,存于). Presented at the 22nd Himalayan Languages Symposium, Guwahati, India. doi:10.5281/zenodo.1127809
- Hsiu, Andrew. 2018. Classifications of some lesser-known Lolo-Burmese languages (页面存档备份,存于).
- Bradley, David. 2007. East and Southeast Asia. In Moseley, Christopher (ed.), Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, 349-424. London & New York: Routledge.
- Lama, Ziwo Qiu-Fuyuan (2012), Subgrouping of Nisoic (Yi) Languages, thesis, University of Texas at Arlington (archived)
- Kingsadā, Thō̜ngphet, and Tadahiko Shintani. 1999 Basic Vocabularies of the Languages Spoken in Phongxaly, Lao P.D.R. Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
- Shintani, Tadahiko, Ryuichi Kosaka, and Takashi Kato. 2001. Linguistic Survey of Phongxaly, Lao P.D.R. Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
- Kato, Takashi. 2008. Linguistic Survey of Tibeto-Burman languages in Lao P.D.R. Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
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