大肥蘑菇
大肥蘑菇 (Agaricus bitorquis) 是蘑菇属的一种白色可食真菌,类似于市售的双孢蘑菇。其曾被命名为Agaricus rodmani 。
大肥蘑菇 | |
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科学分类 | |
界: | 真菌界 Fungi |
门: | 担子菌门 Basidiomycota |
纲: | 傘菌綱 Agaricomycetes |
目: | 伞菌目 Agaricales |
科: | 伞菌科 Agaricaceae |
属: | 伞菌属 Agaricus |
种: | 大肥蘑菇 A. bitorquis |
二名法 | |
Agaricus bitorquis (Quél.) Sacc. (1887) | |
Agaricus bitorquis | |
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子實層上有菌褶 | |
蕈傘為凸面 或平坦 | |
子實層自由下垂 | |
蕈柄有環狀構造 | |
孢印棕色 | |
異養腐生真菌 | |
美味 |
分类
种加词bitorquis 在拉丁语中意为“有两个项圈”,指的是菌幕从菌柄的顶部和底部分离而产生的两个菌环。该物种于1884年由法国真菌学家首次确定并命名为Psalliota bitorquis 。[1]
菌盖直径4-15厘米,干燥、光滑、无鳞片;初半球形,后扁半球形,顶部平或略凹,白色(老熟后变淡黄色),常沾有泥土。菌褶十分稠密,窄,离生;幼时浅粉色,孢子成熟后变暗红棕色。[2]孢子印巧克力棕色。菌柄粗壮,长3-11 厘米,直径1–4 厘米,白色,光滑,圆柱形至棒球棍状,有膜质菌幕附着,近基部处有厚的白色菌丝包覆。菌环双层,上层漏斗状,较厚,下层裙状,较薄;此即其种加词“bitorquis”的来源。[3] 菌肉结实,气味温和。
人工栽培
大肥蘑菇于1968年首次得到商业化栽培。[11] 作为双孢蘑菇的替代品,大肥蘑菇对各种病毒性疾病的抵抗力更强,[12] [13] [14]可以在较高的温度[15]和CO2浓度下生长,[16]并且具有更好的抗擦伤能力。[17]此外,经培育的耐高温菌株可以帮助栽培者克服夏季高温时栽培室的降温问题。[18] [19]
另见
参考文献
- . Species Fungorum. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. [2022-01-04]. (原始内容存档于2023-04-29).
- . Sidewalk Mushroom, Agaricus bitorquis, Ediblewildfood.com. [21 June 2018]. (原始内容存档于2023-06-05).
- Knudsen (编). . Copenhagen: Nordsvamp. 2018: 603. ISBN 978-87-983961-3-0.
- Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. . Berkeley: University of California Press. 2012: 222–223 [2023-10-04]. ISBN 978-0-520-95360-4. OCLC 797915861. (原始内容存档于2022-06-03).
- Miller Jr., Orson K.; Miller, Hope H. . Guilford, CN: FalconGuide. 2006: 279. ISBN 978-0-7627-3109-1.
- David Arora. . Ten Speed Press. 1986: 321. ISBN 978-0-89815-169-5.
- Asef M.R. . Tehran: Iran-Shanasi Press. 2020: 360. ISBN 9786008351429.
- Phillips, Roger. . Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. 2010: 220. ISBN 978-1-55407-651-2.
- Cocchia, L., Vescovia, L., Petrinid, L.E, Petrini, O. (2006). Heavy metals in edible mushrooms in Italy. Food Chem. 98(2):277-84.
- Zakhary, J.W., Abo-Bakr, T., El-Mahdy, A.R., El-Tabey, S.A.M. (1983). Chemical composition of wild mushrooms collected from Alexandria Egypt. Food Chem. 11(1):31-42.
- Fritsche, G. (1975). Welche Möglichkeiten eröffnet der viersporige Champignon "Agaricus bitorquis (Quél.) Sacc."" dem Züchter? [What potentialities does 4-spored mushroom Agaricus bitorquis (Quel) Sacc. offer to breeders?] Theoretical and Applied Genetics 47(3):125–31.
- Dieleman-van Zaayen A. (1972). Spread, prevention and control of mushroom virus disease. Mushroom Sci. 8:131-54.
- Vedder, P.J.C. (1975). Practical experiences with Agaricus bitorquis. The Mushroom J. 32:262-9.
- Van-Zaayen, A. (1976). Immunity of strains, of Agaricus bitorquis to mushroom virus disease. The Mushroom J. 47:360–3.
- Hasselbach O.E., Mutsers, P. (1971). Agaricus bitorquis (Quel.) Sacc. ein wärmeliebendes familienmitglied der Champignons. Champignon. 130:20–6.
- Steane, G.R. (1980). The case for growing Agaricus bitorquis. The Mushroom J. 96:435-8.
- Vedder, P.J.C. (1978). "Cultivation". In the Biology and Cultivation of Edible Mushrooms, pp. 377–92. Eds: Chang, S.T, Hayes, W.A. Academic Press: New York, San Francisco.
- Guler, P., Ergene, A., Tan, S. Production of high temperature-resistant strains of Agaricus bitorquis. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 5(8):615-9.
- Sharma, S.S., Doshi, A. (2001). High temperature tolerant button mushroom (Agaricus bitorquis) and its strains suitable under Rajasthan conditions. J Mycol Plant Pathol. 31(2):256–7.
外部链接
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