濾過裂隙

濾過裂隙（），即腎臟的組成腎元之腎小體內的鮑氏囊上之足細胞的"足突"叉合彼此形成"濾過裂隙"(或裂隙孔)、且裂隙極小(約為8 nm)，而帶有負電荷、大分子以及帶陰電性的分子會被阻擋在外。[1] 濾過裂隙可對比於腎小球內皮細胞的膜孔(fenestra)，並由"裂隙隔膜"(slit diaphragm)跨越其上。

腎臟腎單位由腎小球至鮑氏囊(棕色大箭頭往上方向)之濾過裂隙的過濾作用示意圖：
(A).腎小球的內皮細胞(The endothelial cells of the glomerulus)：
　1.膜孔(fenestra)
(B).腎小球基底膜：
　1.内層板(lamina rara interna)
　2.致密層(lamina densa)
　3.外層板(lamina rara externa)
(C).足細胞：
　1.酵素及結構蛋白(enzymatic and structural protein)
　2.濾過裂隙
　3.膈膜(diaphragma/裂隙隔膜)

結構

一些研究表明，濾過裂隙的尺寸限制了大的分子(比如:血清白蛋白(直径約為15～30μm))、及細胞(比如:红血球(直徑約6～8µm)和血小板(直徑约2～4μm，厚0.2～1.5μm，平均體積7μm³))的通過。[2] 運作"濾過裂隙"的正確功能需要的蛋白質包括腎病蛋白[3]、NEPH1(KIRREL)、NEPH2(KIRREL3)[4]、足蛋白，及CD2AP。[5]

註釋

Guyton, Arthur C.; Hall, John E. . Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders. 2006: 316–317. ISBN 0-7216-0240-1.
George Jarad, Jeffrey H. Miner. . Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension. 2009-05, 18 (3): 226–232 [2019-02-13]. ISSN 1473-6543. PMC 2895306 . PMID 19374010. （原始内容存档于2019-06-09）.
Wartiovaara, J.; Ofverstedt, L. G. R.; Khoshnoodi, J.; Zhang, J.; Mäkelä, E.; Sandin, S.; Ruotsalainen, V.; Cheng, R. H.; Jalanko, H.; Skoglund, U.; Tryggvason, K. (2004). "Nephrin strands contribute to a porous slit diaphragm scaffold as revealed by electron tomography". Journal of Clinical Investigation 114 (10): 1475–1483. doi:10.1172/JCI22562. PMC 525744. PMID 15545998
Neumann-Haefelin, E.; Kramer-Zucker, A.; Slanchev, K.; Hartleben, B.; Noutsou, F.; Martin, K.; Wanner, N.; Ritter, A.; Gödel, M.; Pagel, P.; Fu, X.; Müller, A.; Baumeister, R.; Walz, G.; Huber, T. B. (2010). "A model organism approach: Defining the role of Neph proteins as regulators of neuron and kidney morphogenesis". Human Molecular Genetics 19 (12): 2347–2359. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddq108. PMID 20233749
Fukasawa, H.; Bornheimer, S.; Kudlicka, K.; Farquhar, M. G. (2009). "Slit Diaphragms Contain Tight Junction Proteins". Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 20 (7): 1491–1503. doi:10.1681/ASN.2008101117. PMC 2709684. PMID 19478094

參閱

外部連結

Organology at UC Davis Urinary/mammal/vasc1/vasc3 - "Mammal, renal vasculature (EM, High)
MCG生理学 7/7ch04/7ch04p09
Histology image: 22402loa – 波士顿大学的组织学学习系统
Histology image: 22403loa – 波士顿大学的组织学学习系统

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[guyton11-1] Guyton, Arthur C.; Hall, John E. . Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders. 2006: 316–317. ISBN 0-7216-0240-1.

[2] George Jarad, Jeffrey H. Miner. . Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension. 2009-05, 18 (3): 226–232 [2019-02-13]. ISSN 1473-6543. PMC 2895306 . PMID 19374010. （原始内容存档于2019-06-09）.

[3] Wartiovaara, J.; Ofverstedt, L. G. R.; Khoshnoodi, J.; Zhang, J.; Mäkelä, E.; Sandin, S.; Ruotsalainen, V.; Cheng, R. H.; Jalanko, H.; Skoglund, U.; Tryggvason, K. (2004). "Nephrin strands contribute to a porous slit diaphragm scaffold as revealed by electron tomography". Journal of Clinical Investigation 114 (10): 1475–1483. doi:10.1172/JCI22562. PMC 525744. PMID 15545998

[4] Neumann-Haefelin, E.; Kramer-Zucker, A.; Slanchev, K.; Hartleben, B.; Noutsou, F.; Martin, K.; Wanner, N.; Ritter, A.; Gödel, M.; Pagel, P.; Fu, X.; Müller, A.; Baumeister, R.; Walz, G.; Huber, T. B. (2010). "A model organism approach: Defining the role of Neph proteins as regulators of neuron and kidney morphogenesis". Human Molecular Genetics 19 (12): 2347–2359. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddq108. PMID 20233749

[5] Fukasawa, H.; Bornheimer, S.; Kudlicka, K.; Farquhar, M. G. (2009). "Slit Diaphragms Contain Tight Junction Proteins". Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 20 (7): 1491–1503. doi:10.1681/ASN.2008101117. PMC 2709684. PMID 19478094