蛇頸龜科

蛇頸龜科Chelidae),亦稱側頸龜科龜鱉目側頸龜亞目現存的三科之一。[2]該科龜類分佈於澳大利亞新幾內亞印度尼西亞部份地區和南美洲大部分地區。該科是龜鱉目下的一個大科,化石歷史可以追溯到白堊紀。該科龜類全部(包括現存物種及化石)位於從前的岡瓦納大陸,此外的其他地區沒有發現任何蛇頸龜科動物。[3]

蛇颈龟科
化石时期:
枯葉龜
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: Reptilia
目: 龜鱉目 Testudines
亚目: 側頸龜亞目 Pleurodira
科: 蛇颈龟科 Chelidae
Gray, 1831[1]

見文內

描述

像所有的側頸亞目龜類一樣,該科龜類的脖頸縮回時全部側向折回。

該科最小的物種包括16(6.3英寸)長的墨累澳龜[4]18(7.1英寸)長的南美扁頭龜15(5.9英寸)長的澳洲短頸龜,最大的物種則有楓葉龜白喉癩頸龜,二者的背殼長度都可達45(18英寸)[5]

蛇頸龜科的背殼都很獨特,[6]原因可能是他們不需要大的背最長肌[7]同時其背殼也很堅固,這是其一種保護機制,增加了對外界衝擊的抵抗力,但也有人認為這是爲了這與其進食方式和其他一些因素有關係。[7]

分類

該科約有20屬,60余種龜。 以下依據1998年喬治斯等人的研究:[8]

  • 亞科:東澳蛇頸龜亞科(Chelodininae)
  • 亞科:蛇頸龜亞科(Chelidinae)
    • 屬:蛇頸龜屬(Duméril 1806)
    • 屬:刺頸龜屬 (Gray 1873[15]
    • 屬:中龜屬 (Gray, 1873)
    • 屬:蟾頭龜屬(Wagner 1830)
    • 屬:扁龜屬 (Wagner 1830)
    • 屬:紅腿蟾頭龜屬(Wagner 1830)
    • 屬:†Bonapartemys (Lapparent de Broin&de la Fuente 2001[16]
    • 屬:†Lomalatachelys (Lapparent de Broin&de la Fuente 2001[16]
    • 屬:†Prochelidella (Lapparent de Broin&de la Fuente 2001[16]
    • 屬:†Palaeophrynops (Lapparent de Broin&de la Fuente 2001[16]
    • 屬:†Parahydraspis (Wieland 1923[17]
    • 屬:†Linderochelys (de la Fuente et al. 2007)
  • 亞科:漁龜亞科(Hydromedusinae)
    • 屬:漁龜屬(Wagler 1830)
    • 屬:†Yaminuechelys (de la Fuente et al. 2001)

種系發生

該科現存物種的種系發生基於1998年喬治斯等人的研究:[8]

    蛇頸龜科    
                      漁龜亞科          

  漁龜屬

  蛇頸龜亞科    

  蛇頸龜屬

  蟾頭龜屬

  紅腿蟾頭龜屬

  中龜屬

  扁龜屬

  刺頸龜屬

  東澳蛇頸龜亞科    

  小長頸龜屬

  擬澳龜屬

  寬胸癩頸龜屬

  隱龜屬

  溪龜屬

  澳龜屬

  癩頸龜屬

參考資料

  1. Gray, J. E. 1831. Synopsis Reptilium or short descriptions of the species of reptiles. Part 1. Cataphracta, tortoises, crocodiles, and enaliosaurians. London. 85 pp.
  2. Obst, Fritz Jurgen. Cogger, H.G. & Zweifel, R.G. , 编. . San Diego: Academic Press. 1998: 111–112. ISBN 0-12-178560-2.
  3. Georges, A., & Thomson, S. 2006. Evolution and Zoogeography of Australian freshwater turtles. In: Merrick, J.R., Archer, M., Hickey, G., and Lee, M. (eds.), Evolution and Zoogeography of Australasian Vertebrates. Sydney: Australia.
  4. Cann, J. (2008) Freshwater Turtles: A Wild Australia Guide, Qld, Australia: Steve Parish Publishing, p. 46.
  5. Thomson, S., Georges, A. and C. Limpus, (2006). A New Species of Freshwater Turtle in the Genus Elseya (Testudines: Chelidae) from Central Coastal Queensland, Australia. Chelonian Conservation and Biology. 5(1):74-86.
  6. Thomson, S. and Georges, A. 1996. Neural bones in chelid turtles. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2:82-86.
  7. Thomson S. 2003. Long necks, flat heads and the evolution of piscivory. World Chelonian Trust 页面存档备份,存于
  8. Georges, A.; J. Birrell, K. M. Saint, W. McCord und S. C. Donnellan (1998) A phylogeny for side-necked turtles (Chelonia: Pleurodira) based on mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequence variation Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 67: 213-246
  9. Megirian, D. and Murray, P. 1999. Chelid turtles (Pleurodira, Chelidae) from the Miocene Camfield Beds, Northern Territory of Australia, with a description of a new genus and species. The Beagle (Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory) 15:75–130.
  10. Gray, J.E. (1867) Description of a new Australian tortoise (Elseya latisternum). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 20: 43-45.
  11. Cann, J. and Legler, J.M. (1994). The Mary River Tortoise: a new genus and species of short-necked chelid from Queensland, Australia (Testudines; Pleurodira). Chelonian Conservation and Biology 1(2):81-96.
  12. Thomson, S. & Georges, A. (2009) Myuchelys gen. nov. — a new genus for Elseya latisternum and related forms of Australian freshwater turtle (Testudines: Pleurodira: Chelidae) Zootaxa 2053: 32–42.
  13. Seibenrock, F. 1901. Beschreibung einer neuen schildkrotengattung aus der familie Chelydidae aus Australien: Pseudemydura. Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien 38:248-251.
  14. Legler, J.M. & Cann, J. 1980. A new species of chelid turtle from Queensland, Australia. Contributions to Science (Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County) 324:1-18.
  15. Gray, J.E. 1873. Observations on chelonians, with descriptions of new genera and species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4)11:289-308.
  16. Broin, F. de. and de la Fuente, M.S. 2001. Oldest world Chelidae (Chelonii, Pleurodira), from the Cretaceous Patagonia, Argentina. Palaeontology 333:463-470.
  17. Wieland, G. R. 1923. A new Parana Pleurodiran. American Journal of Science. 5(25):1-15.

外部連結

维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源:蛇頸龜科
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