小包脚菇属

小包腳菇屬
	银丝草菇
科学分类
界：	真菌界 Fungi
门：	担子菌门 Basidiomycota
纲：	傘菌綱 Agaricomycetes
目：	伞菌目 Agaricales
科：	光柄菇科 Pluteaceae
属：	小包腳菇屬 Volvariella
模式種
	小包脚菇 Volvariella argentina; Speg. (1898)
異名
	Volva Adanson, 1763; Volvarius Roussel, 1806;

小包腳菇屬（学名：Volvariella）是光柄菇科的一個屬，其下有約50種物種[1]，多生長於草原、樹林的土壤中，有至少一種物種（立起小包脚菇）寄生於其他蕈類[2]。本屬物種的子實體多缺乏蕈環，具有類似鵝膏菌屬的蕈托，蕈褶中菌髓發育型態為逆向菌髓（inverse trama，即菌髓發育成熟後，子實下層的菌絲會朝菌髓側生長）[3]，擔孢子表面平滑、梅澤試劑檢驗結果為陰性（即不含有類澱粉蛋白），孢子印則多為深粉紅色[3]。有些物種外形與鵝膏菌屬的類群相當類似，但後者多具有蕈環，且孢子印呈白色[1]。

2002年，有分子系統發生學研究顯示小包腳菇屬與裂褶菌屬與牛排菌屬的親緣關係較為接近[4]，但2011年的研究不支持此一結論，而顯示小包腳菇屬是一個複系群，因此將粘盖包脚菇等部分物種分出，歸入新屬Volvopluteus，為光柄菇屬的姊妹群，原小包腳菇屬的核心類群則與蠅頭菌屬與拱頂菌屬的親緣關係較為接近[3]。

物種

本属包括以下物种：[5]

Volvariella aethiops A. Favre & Vialard
Volvariella alabamensis (Murrill) Shaffer
Volvariella alachuana (Murrill) Shaffer
Volvariella apalotricha (Berk. & Broome) Pegler
Volvariella arenaria (Pat.) Singer
小包脚菇 Volvariella argentina Speg.
巴氏小包脚菇 Volvariella bakeri (Murrill) Shaffer
Volvariella bingensis (Beeli) Shaffer
银丝草菇 Volvariella bombycina (Schaeff.) Singer，丝盖小包脚菇
冬小包脚菇 Volvariella brumalis S.C. He
Volvariella caesiotincta P.D. Orton
Volvariella californica (Earle) Singer
Volvariella canalipes (Murrill) Shaffer
Volvariella castanea (Massee) G.C. Rath
Volvariella cinerascens (Bres.) M.M. Moser
Volvariella clarkeae Grgur.
Volvariella cnemidophora (Mont.) Singer
Volvariella congolensis N.C. Pathak
Volvariella cookei Contu
古巴小包脚菇 Volvariella cubensis (Murrill) Shaffer
Volvariella cygnopotamia (Berk.) Singer
Volvariella delicatula (Massee) Manjula
双体小包脚菇 Volvariella diplasia (Berk. & Broome) Singer
Volvariella dunensis (Vila, Àngel & Llimona) Justo & M.L. Castro
美味草菇 Volvariella esculenta (Massee) Singer，可食小包脚菇
Volvariella fuscidula (Bres.) M.M. Moser ex Shaffer
Volvariella glandiformis (Berk. & Broome) Pegler
黏盖草菇 Volvariella gloiocephala (DC.) Boekhout & Enderle
Volvariella goossensiae (Beeli) Shaffer
Volvariella guttulosa E.F. Malysheva & A.V. Alexandrova
Volvariella heterospora Menolli & Capelari
白毛小包脚菇 Volvariella hypopithys (Fr.) Shaffer
Volvariella indica M.K. Saini, N.J. Kaur & Atri
Volvariella insignis Heinem.
伊朗小包脚菇 Volvariella iranica (Fallahyan) Szczepka
Volvariella islagarciae Raithelh.
牙买加小包脚菇 Volvariella jamaicensis (Murrill) Shaffer
朝鲜小包脚菇 Volvariella koreana Seok, Yang S. Kim, K.M. Park, W.G. Kim, K.H. Yoo & I.C. Park
Volvariella krizii Pilát
Volvariella lepiotospora Singer
Volvariella leucocalix Sá & Wartchow
Volvariella liliputiana (Henn.) G.C. Rath
Volvariella macrospora Singer
Volvariella mammosa N.C. Pathak
间型小包脚菇 Volvariella media (Schumach.) Singer
Volvariella microspila (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) S. Ito
Volvariella minuta M. Kumar bis, Jagad. & Kaviy.
Volvariella minutella Courtec.
Volvariella morozovae E.F. Malysheva & A.V. Alexandrova
灰小包脚菇 Volvariella murinella (Quél.) M.M. Moser ex Dennis, P.D. Orton & Hora
Volvariella nana Pegler
Volvariella nauseosa (Romagn.) Vizzini & Contu
Volvariella nigrodisca Shaffer
Volvariella nigrovolvacea Kosina
雪白小包脚菇 Volvariella nivea T.H. Li & Xiang L. Chen
Volvariella niveosulcata E.F. Malysheva, O.V. Morozova & A.V. Alexandrova
Volvariella nullicystidiata Menolli & Capelari
Volvariella oswaldoi (Bat.) Putzke
Volvariella palmicola (Beeli) Heinem.
Volvariella paraguayensis (Speg.) Shaffer
Volvariella parvispora Heinem.
Volvariella peckii (G.F. Atk.) Shaffer
Volvariella pellucida Shaffer
Volvariella perciliata Courtec.
Volvariella platensis (Speg.) Shaffer
Volvariella psammophila Singer
拟苞小包脚菇 Volvariella pseudovolvacea (Berk. & Broome) Singer
Volvariella ptilotricha E.F. Malysheva & A.V. Alexandrova
Volvariella pulla E.F. Malysheva & A.V. Alexandrova
矮小包脚菇 Volvariella pusilla (Pers.) Singer
Volvariella rava T.H. Li & Jiang Xu
Volvariella reidii Heinem.
Volvariella rondoniensis Singer
Volvariella sathei Senthil., Rah. Sharma & S.K. Singh
Volvariella smithii Shaffer
Volvariella stercoraria (Peck) Singer
Volvariella strangulata (Romagn.) Vizzini & Contu
Volvariella striata N.C. Pathak
褐毛小包脚菇 Volvariella subtaylorii Hongo
Volvariella subxerophytica Singer
立起小包脚菇 Volvariella surrecta (Knapp) Singer
小绒苞小包脚菇 Volvariella taylorii (Berk. & Broome) Singer
裂托小包脚菇 Volvariella terastia (Berk. & Broome) Singer
Volvariella terrea Musumeci & A. Riva
Volvariella thwaitesii (Hook. f.) G.C. Rath
毛托小包脚菇 Volvariella villosovolva (Lloyd) Singer
草菇 Volvariella volvacea (Bull.) Singer
Volvariella woodrowiana (Massee) Manjula

立起小包脚菇
草菇
银丝草菇

參考資料

Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. 10th. Wallingford, UK: CABI. 2008: 727. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
Shaffer R. . Mycologia. 1957, 49 (4): 545–79 (see pp. 574–5). JSTOR 3756159. doi:10.2307/3756159.
Justo A, Vizzini A, Minnis AM, Menolli N Jr, Capelari M, Rodríguez O, Malysheva E, Contu M, Ghignone S, Hibbett DS. 115 (1). Fungal Biology: 1-20. 2011. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2010.09.012.
Moncalvo JM, et al. . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2002, 23 (3): 357–400 [2018-12-07]. PMID 12099793. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00027-1. （原始内容存档于2013-08-17）.
. GBIF. [2022-05-13]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-12）.

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[Kirk2008-1] Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. 10th. Wallingford, UK: CABI. 2008: 727. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.

[Shaffer_1957-2] Shaffer R. . Mycologia. 1957, 49 (4): 545–79 (see pp. 574–5). JSTOR 3756159. doi:10.2307/3756159.

[Justo-3] Justo A, Vizzini A, Minnis AM, Menolli N Jr, Capelari M, Rodríguez O, Malysheva E, Contu M, Ghignone S, Hibbett DS. 115 (1). Fungal Biology: 1-20. 2011. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2010.09.012.

[4] Moncalvo JM, et al. . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2002, 23 (3): 357–400 [2018-12-07]. PMID 12099793. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00027-1. （原始内容存档于2013-08-17）.

[5] . GBIF. [2022-05-13]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-12）.