Z世代

Z世代(Generation Z,簡稱Gen Z,英語俗稱作zoomers)[1][2],是Y世代之後、阿法世代之前之人口統計群體。 研究人員和大眾媒體將1990年代中後期作為開始出生年份,將2010年代初期作為結束出生年份(較多以1997年至2012年出生的人為範圍)。Z世代的大多數成員都是X世代的子女。[3]

作為首代從小接觸互聯網和數位行動裝置的社會群體,Z世代的成員即使不一定具備數位素養,也被稱為“數位原住民”。[4][5][6] 此外,與較年幼者相比,長時間使用數位產品的負面影響在青少年中最為明顯。[7] 與前幾代人相比,Z世代的成員在同齡時往往比他們的前輩生活得更慢[8][9]未成年懷孕率較低;減少飲酒(但精神藥物使用則不一定)。[10][11][12][13] Z 世代的青少年比先前世代更關心學業成績和工作前景[14][8],且比1960年代的同齡人更擅長延遲滿足,儘管大眾不這樣認為。[15] 青少年中的性簡訊越來越普遍;對此現象之研究理解仍十分欠缺。[16] 此外,Z 世代次文化一直相對低調但未消失。[17][18]

在全球範圍內,有證據表明,與20世紀相比,女性進入青春期的平均年齡已大大降低,這對她們的福祉和未來產生了影響。[19][20][21][22][23] 此外,Z 世代的過敏症患病率高於整體人群[24][25];對心理健康狀況的認識和診斷更多[26][27]睡眠剝奪更常被發現。[5][28][29] 在許多國家,Z世代比先前世代更容易被診斷出患有智能障礙精神疾患[30][31]

在世界範圍內,Z世代的成員花在數位裝置上的時間比先前世代多,閱讀時間則相對減少[32][33][34],這對他們的注意力持續時間[35][36]詞彙[37][38]、學業成就[39],以及未來的經濟貢獻[32]造成影響。在亞洲,2000年代和2010年代的教育工作者通常尋找並培養頂尖學生;在西歐和美國,重點是表現不佳的人。[40] 此外,東亞新加坡學生在2010年代的國際標準化考試中始終名列前茅。[41][42][43][44]

作為消費者,他們的總體購買行為偏離了民意調查中通常與他們相關的理想和價值觀[45][46][47]

參見

參考文獻

  1. . Merriam-Webster. October 2021 [October 25, 2021]. (原始内容存档于February 11, 2020).
  2. . Dictionary.com. [14 June 2020]. (原始内容存档于January 26, 2021).
  3. . Signal Vine. 26 August 2021 [10 March 2022]. (原始内容存档于April 7, 2022).
  4. Turner, Anthony. . Journal of Individual Psychology. 2015, 71 (2): 103–113. S2CID 146564218. doi:10.1353/jip.2015.0021.
  5. Twenge, Jean. . The Conversation. October 19, 2017 [November 11, 2020]. (原始内容存档于November 12, 2020).
  6. Strauss, Valerie. . Education. The Washington Post. November 16, 2019 [November 21, 2019]. (原始内容存档于November 17, 2019).
  7. Adelantado-Renau, Mireia; Moliner-Urdiales, Diego; et al. . JAMA Pediatrics (American Medical Association). September 23, 2019, 173 (11): 1058–1067. PMC 6764013可免费查阅. PMID 31545344. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.3176. hdl:10234/186798.
  8. . International. The Economist. January 10, 2018 [September 29, 2020]. (原始内容存档于September 19, 2020).
  9. Twenge, Jean. . The Conversation. September 19, 2017 [November 13, 2020]. (原始内容存档于November 15, 2020).
  10. Schepis, Ty. . The Conversation. November 19, 2020 [November 21, 2020]. (原始内容存档于November 21, 2020).
  11. Hymas, Charles. . The Telegraph. December 9, 2020 [December 19, 2020]. (原始内容存档于December 10, 2020).
  12. Chandler-Wilde, Helen. 需要付费订阅. The Telegraph. 2020-08-06 [2020-08-08]. ISSN 0307-1235. (原始内容存档于January 10, 2022) (英国英语).
  13. UCL. . UCL News. 2020-08-06 [2020-08-08]. (原始内容存档于September 26, 2020) (英语).
  14. 需要付费订阅. The Economist. 2019-02-27 [2019-03-28]. ISSN 0013-0613. (原始内容存档于March 28, 2019).
  15. Protzko, John. . Intelligence. May–June 2020, 80 (101451) [September 26, 2020]. S2CID 218789047. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2020.101451. (原始内容存档于February 3, 2023).
  16. Del Rey, Rosario; Ojeda, Mónica; Casas, José A.; Mora-Merchán, Joaquín A.; Elipe, Paz. Rey, Lourdes , 编. . Educational Psychology. Frontiers in Psychology. August 21, 2019, 10 (1828): 1828. PMC 6712510可免费查阅. PMID 31496968. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01828可免费查阅.
  17. Petridis, Alexis. . The Guardian. March 20, 2014 [January 4, 2021]. (原始内容存档于November 22, 2020).
  18. Watts, Peter. . Apollo. April 10, 2017 [January 4, 2021]. (原始内容存档于January 7, 2021).
  19. Weir, Kirsten. . Monitor (American Psychological Association). March 2016, 47 (3): 40 [December 20, 2020]. (原始内容存档于September 17, 2022).
  20. Lamothe, Cindy. . BBC Future. June 12, 2018 [January 9, 2021]. (原始内容存档于January 25, 2021).
  21. University Of Southampton. . Science Daily. December 1, 2005 [December 28, 2020]. (原始内容存档于February 1, 2021).
  22. Hochberg, Ze′ev; Konner, Melvin. . Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2020, 10 (918): 918. PMC 6970937可免费查阅. PMID 31993019. doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00918可免费查阅.
  23. Eckert-Lind, Camilla; Busch, Alexander S.; Petersen, Jørgen H.; Biro, Frank M.; Butler, Gary; Bräuner, Elvira V.; Juul, Anders. . JAMA Pediatrics (American Medical Association). 2020, 174 (4): e195881. PMC 7042934可免费查阅. PMID 32040143. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.5881.
  24. Graphic Detail. . Daily Chart. The Economist. October 3, 2019 [October 3, 2019]. (原始内容存档于October 4, 2019).
  25. . Health. National Post. July 30, 2019 [November 24, 2019]. (原始内容存档于September 26, 2020).
  26. American Psychological Association. . Science Daily. March 15, 2019 [December 31, 2020]. (原始内容存档于December 20, 2020).
  27. Schraer, Rachel. . Health. BBC. February 11, 2019 [December 26, 2020]. (原始内容存档于January 5, 2021).
  28. Kansagra, Sujay. . Pediatrics (American Academy of Pediatrics). May 2020, 145 (Supplement 2): S204–S209 [January 1, 2021]. PMID 32358212. doi:10.1542/peds.2019-2056I可免费查阅. (原始内容存档于July 29, 2022).
  29. University of Rochester. . Science Daily. January 9, 2020 [January 1, 2021]. (原始内容存档于April 17, 2021).
  30. Maulik, Pallab K.; Mascarenhas, Maya N.; Mathers, Colin D.; Dua, Tarun; Saxena, Shekhar. . Research in Developmental Disabilities. 2011, 32 (2): 419–436 [September 15, 2020]. PMID 21236634. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2010.12.018. (原始内容存档于September 26, 2020).
  31. Buckley, Nicholas; Glasson, Emma J.; et al. . Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry (The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists). May 30, 2020, 54 (10): 970–984. PMID 32475125. S2CID 219170827. doi:10.1177/0004867420924101可免费查阅.
  32. Thomas, Leigh. . World News. Reuters. December 3, 2019 [February 5, 2020]. (原始内容存档于February 5, 2020).
  33. Ferguson, Donna. . The Guardian. February 29, 2020 [November 7, 2020]. (原始内容存档于November 1, 2020).
  34. Sliwa, Jim. . American Psychological Association. August 20, 2018 [November 8, 2020]. (原始内容存档于November 1, 2020).
  35. . Your Therapy Source. 2019-04-18 [2021-03-31]. (原始内容存档于April 17, 2021).
  36. . Penn State University. [2021-03-31]. (原始内容存档于April 17, 2021).
  37. Massey University. . Social Sciences. Phys.org. September 20, 2010 [November 7, 2020]. (原始内容存档于January 26, 2021).
  38. Adams, Richard. . The Guardian. April 19, 2018 [November 11, 2020]. (原始内容存档于November 12, 2020).
  39. Busby, Eleanor. . Education. The Independent. April 19, 2018 [November 22, 2020]. (原始内容存档于November 9, 2020).
  40. Clynes, Tom. . Nature. September 7, 2016, 537 (7619): 152–155. Bibcode:2016Natur.537..152C. PMID 27604932. S2CID 4459557. doi:10.1038/537152a可免费查阅.
  41. Chhor, Khatya. . France24. December 8, 2016 [December 9, 2020]. (原始内容存档于November 8, 2020).
  42. Alphonso, Caroline. . The Globe and Mail. December 3, 2019 [November 13, 2019]. (原始内容存档于December 3, 2019).
  43. DeSilver, Drew. . Pew Research Center. February 15, 2017 [November 21, 2020]. (原始内容存档于November 20, 2020).
  44. Wai, Jonathan; Makel, Matthew C. . The Conversation. September 4, 2015 [December 19, 2020]. (原始内容存档于January 23, 2021).
  45. . The Economist. January 19, 2023 [January 29, 2023]. (原始内容存档于January 22, 2023).
  46. . The Economist. January 16, 2023 [January 29, 2023]. (原始内容存档于January 28, 2023).
  47. Reice, Alex. . The Week. December 1, 2021 [January 29, 2023]. (原始内容存档于January 29, 2023).
  • R. Dorsey, Jason; Villa, Denise. . Harper Business. 2020. ISBN 978-0062970299.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.