Z世代
Z世代(Generation Z,簡稱Gen Z,英語俗稱作zoomers)[1][2],是Y世代之後、阿法世代之前之人口統計群體。 研究人員和大眾媒體將1990年代中後期作為開始出生年份,將2010年代初期作為結束出生年份(較多以1997年至2012年出生的人為範圍)。Z世代的大多數成員都是X世代的子女。[3]
西方世界的主要世代 |
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作為首代從小接觸互聯網和數位行動裝置的社會群體,Z世代的成員即使不一定具備數位素養,也被稱為“數位原住民”。[4][5][6] 此外,與較年幼者相比,長時間使用數位產品的負面影響在青少年中最為明顯。[7] 與前幾代人相比,Z世代的成員在同齡時往往比他們的前輩生活得更慢[8][9];未成年懷孕率較低;減少飲酒(但精神藥物使用則不一定)。[10][11][12][13] Z 世代的青少年比先前世代更關心學業成績和工作前景[14][8],且比1960年代的同齡人更擅長延遲滿足,儘管大眾不這樣認為。[15] 青少年中的性簡訊越來越普遍;對此現象之研究理解仍十分欠缺。[16] 此外,Z 世代次文化一直相對低調但未消失。[17][18]
在全球範圍內,有證據表明,與20世紀相比,女性進入青春期的平均年齡已大大降低,這對她們的福祉和未來產生了影響。[19][20][21][22][23] 此外,Z 世代的過敏症患病率高於整體人群[24][25];對心理健康狀況的認識和診斷更多[26][27],睡眠剝奪更常被發現。[5][28][29] 在許多國家,Z世代比先前世代更容易被診斷出患有智能障礙和精神疾患。[30][31]
在世界範圍內,Z世代的成員花在數位裝置上的時間比先前世代多,閱讀時間則相對減少[32][33][34],這對他們的注意力持續時間[35][36]、詞彙[37][38]、學業成就[39],以及未來的經濟貢獻[32]造成影響。在亞洲,2000年代和2010年代的教育工作者通常尋找並培養頂尖學生;在西歐和美國,重點是表現不佳的人。[40] 此外,東亞和新加坡學生在2010年代的國際標準化考試中始終名列前茅。[41][42][43][44]
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