詞源

Beekes 認為源自原始印歐語 (“編織，扭曲”)。與古希臘語 (pénomai, “勞累”)、原始日耳曼語 (“旋轉”)、立陶宛語 (“扭曲”)同源。

發音

名詞

(pónos) m (屬格); 二類變格

1. 工作，勞作；辛勞
   • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 866:

     πόνος πόνῳ πόνον φέρει

     pónos pónōi pónon phérei

     勞作帶來辛勞。

2. 鍛煉
3. 任務；業務，生意
4. 勞累，勞苦；疼痛；痛苦
5. 工作的產物：作品，產品

拓展閱讀

• “πόνος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “πόνος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “πόνος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• πόνος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 出版于1963
• “πόνος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G4192, Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • affliction idem, page 17.
  • disorder idem, page 235.
  • distress idem, page 242.
  • drudgery idem, page 254.
  • effort idem, page 263.
  • exertion idem, page 291.
  • hardship idem, page 386.
  • infirmity idem, page 438.
  • labour idem, page 472.
  • onus idem, page 574.
  • product idem, page 645.
  • strain idem, page 822.
  • striving idem, page 827.
  • struggle idem, page 828.
  • suffering idem, page 835.
  • task idem, page 856.
  • toil idem, page 880.
  • trial idem, page 893.
  • trouble idem, page 897.
  • tug idem, page 900.
  • vigilance idem, page 951.
  • work idem, page 988.
  • wrench idem, page 992.
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, ISBN 9789004174207
• πόνος - ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ (since 2011) Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch) 芝加哥大學。

詞源

源自古希臘語 (pónos)。

名詞

(pónos) m (复数)

1. (醫學) 疼痛
2. 痛苦