英语

发音


用圣诞灯光描绘的耶稣诞生

围在圣诞树旁的学生
  • (標準英音，通用美式) 英語發音：krĭsʹməs、國際音標(幫助)：/ˈkɹɪsməs/
  • （英国南部）音频：(檔案)
  • （通用美式）音频：(檔案)
  • 韻部：-ɪsməs
  • 斷字：Christ‧mas

词源 1

专有名词派生自中古英語 、 (“圣诞节；圣诞季节；圣诞节庆祝活动”) [以及其他形式]，[1]源自古英語 (“圣诞节”, 字面意思是“基督的弥撒”)，源自 (“基督”) + (属格标记词) + (“弥撒”)。英语词作 +‎ (表示节日或神圣的日子的后缀)分析。[2]

名词、形容词和动词[3]均派生自专有名词。

形容词词义指传统上与圣诞节联想起来的颜色。

专有名词

(可數 和 不可數，複數) (亦作作定語)

  1. (原基督教) 圣诞节，耶诞节
    近義詞： (英国，俚语，幽默) 、(英国，俚语，幽默) 、(澳大利亚，俚语) 、(英国，俚语，幽默) 、(英国，俚语，幽默) 、、
    Do you celebrate Christmas?
    你过圣诞节吗？
    This Christmas we’ll open presents, then go to grandma’s for dinner.
    这个圣诞节我们先拆礼物，然后去奶奶那里吃晚饭。
    • [[15th century] (date written), “”, 出自 Christmasse Carolles, London: […] Wynkyn de Worde, 出版於 1521, →OCLC; republished in , Typographical Antiquities: Being a Historical Account of Printing in England: […], London: […] W[illiam] Faden, and sold by J. Robinson, […], 1749, →OCLC，頁號 96，列號 2:
      Be gladde, lordes, bothe more and lasse, / For this hath ordeyned our stewarde / To chere you all this christmasse / The bores heed with mustarde.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）]
    • Template:RQ:Grafton Chronicle
    • Template:RQ:Dekker Dramatic Works
    • Template:RQ:Bacon Henry 7
    • Template:RQ:Dampier New Voyage
    • Template:RQ:Spectator
    • 1798 July, “Account of Lincoln’s Inn: With a Perspective View of the Hall and Chapel”, 出自 The Universal Magazine of Knowledge and Pleasure; […], 卷 CIII, London: […] W[illiam] Bent, […], →OCLC，頁號 42，列號 2:
      The lord chancellor holds his fittings in this hall, and in former days, like the Temple, it had its revels and great Chriſtmaſſes. […] The account of the great feaſt in the hall of the Inner Temple, by the ſerjeants, in 1555, is extremely worth conſulting: and alſo of the hoſpitable Chriſtmaſſes of old times.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • Template:RQ:Irving Sketch Book
    • 1840 January, Sylvanus Swanquill [pseudonym; ], “Merry Christmas and Happy New Year”, 出自 The New Sporting Magazine, 卷 XVIII, 期 105, London: Walter Spiers, […], →OCLC，頁號 53:
      “Lawk!” says our old granddam, who has taken the liberty of looking over our manuscript while we were gone to mix a glass of water and something. “Lawk!” says she, “how can you write such stuff? Christmas, indeed! you’ve no Christmas now. Do you call this Christmas? It’s more like a vapour bath. Such weather! Lawk, how times are changed! the Christmasses I remember! the good, old-fashioned Christmasses, when there was snow on the ground six feet deep, and poor people were starved to death by dozens, and you couldn’t go out without having your fingers frost-bitten, and coals were at six shillings a hundred, and canals froze up so that you couldn’t get your goods, and the roads all impassable, and daren’t ask a few friends to merrymake for fear of losing three or four of ’em going home in snow-drifts, and—oh, those were Christmasses! we shall never see such times again!”
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • Template:RQ:Dickens Christmas Carol
    • Template:RQ:Tennyson In Memoriam
    • 1859, , 章號 XXIX, 出自 Temper. A Novel., New York, N.Y.: Dick & Fitzgerald, […], →OCLC，頁號 205:
      Reader have your Christmasses hitherto been marked with happiness? Thank God for it. […] Then mamma died—and later in your college days, dear Herbert, when you were both as tall as men, but as fond of play as ever—and we used to spend such happy Christmasses, till our dear father died, / “That was our first sad winter, the one which followed his death, for you remember how sadly we all missed him, and we were still in mourning—but the next one was a happy day, for Lawry was so full of spirits—and that was our last happy Christmas. Herbert darling, Lawrence has left the last impression of happiness on my memory—he, who has since broken up our domestic peace, and for a long time spoilt our Christmasses—Heaven bless him! […]”
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • Template:RQ:Christina Rossetti Time Flies
    • 1942 7月 30, （作曲作詞）, “”, 演出者 , New York, N.Y.: , →OCLC:
      I'm dreaming of a white Christmas / With every Christmas card I write / May your days be merry and bright / And may all your Christmases be white
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1943 (date written), “”, 出自 作詞, 作曲, Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas: 源自the M.G.M. Picture , 演出者 , New York, N.Y.: , 出版於 1944, →OCLC:
      Have yourself a merry little Christmas / Let your heart be light / Next year all our troubles will be out of sight
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1994, , The Remarkable Life of Victoria Drummond, Marine Engineer, London: , →ISBN，頁號 354:
      The last time I saw her was a week before Christmas, 1980. We took down a fat branch of berried Megginch holly, which we stuck in a pot for a Christmas tree, hung with silver balls and glitters. Aunt Victoria looked at it, smiled and unexpectedly said, “Christmas.” Surely she was sitting there dreaming of Christmasses long past: Christmas in the South China Sea, the Christmas lights of Hong Kong, hot Christmasses so long ago in the Anchises under the Southern Cross stars, or even longer ago of Christmasses at Megginch, singing carols round the lighted Christmas tree in the hall, while Queen Victoria’s goddaughter in her starched white dress and bronze shoes had worn the sparkling pendant given her by the great Queen.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1994 10月 29, , （作曲作詞）, “”, 出自 , 演出者 Mariah Carey, New York, N.Y.: , →OCLC:
      I don't want a lot for Christmas / There is just one thing I need / I don't care about the presents / Underneath the Christmas tree / I just want you for my own / More than you could ever know / Make my wish come true / All I want for Christmas is you
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  2. (常用于营销) (“圣诞季，圣诞节期间”)之簡寫
    The last three Christmases have been good for retailers.
    前三个圣诞季零售商的生意都不错。
    Christmas shoppers spent less this December than last year, but our store will probably see just as many returned items during the twelve days of Christmas.
    这个12月份，圣诞节购物者花费比去年减小，但我们商店可能会在圣诞节期间的12天内收到一样多的退货。
    • 1963 10月 14, , （作曲作詞）, “”, 演出者 , New York, N.Y.: , →OCLC:
      There'll be parties for hosting / Marshmallows for toasting / And caroling out in the snow / There'll be scary ghost stories / And tales of the glories / Of Christmases long, long ago
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1981, （作曲作詞）, “Christmas is Love”, Grand Rapids, Mich.: Singspiration, →OCLC:
      Christmas is such a wonderful time of the year / Christmas, it's the season of good cheer / […] / Christmas is love, Christmas is love / The love of God, oh that's the marvelous thing
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  3. 美国境内的多个地名。
  4. 姓氏。
其他形式
  • , (弃用)
  • , (缩写, 非正式)
  • (缩写, 古旧)
衍生词汇
派生語彙
  • → 南非語:
  • → 吉伯特語:
    • → 英語:
  • → 戈林語:
  • → 夏威夷語:
  • → 印地語: (krismas)
  • → 霍皮語:
  • → 毛利語:
  • → 孟語: (kharetsamāt)
  • → 緬甸語: (hka.racca.mat)
  • → 日語: (Kurisumasu)
  • → 朝鮮語: (Keuriseumaseu)
  • → 西班牙語:
  • → 斯瓦希里語:
参见

(联想词)：

名词

(不可數)

  1. (非正式或英國，regional) 圣诞装饰品 （冬青等）
    • Template:RQ:Cleland Way to Things
    • Template:RQ:Dickens Pickwick Papers
    • 1893 September, , “[Folk-lore Miscellanea.] May-Day at Watford, Herts.”, 出自 Folk-lore: A Quarterly Review of Myth, Tradition, Institution, & Custom, 卷 IV, 期 III, London: David Nutt, […] for The Folk-lore Society, →OCLC，頁號 403:
      Two of the girls carry between them on a stick what they call "the garland", […] The "garland" in shape reminds me of the "Christmas" which used to form the centre of the Christmas decorations in Yorkshire some few years ago, except that the latter had a bunch of mistletoe inside the hoops.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

形容词

(無比較級) (美國)

  1. 红色和绿色的，圣诞配色的
  2. (主要用於新墨西哥，烹飪，指一碟菜) 佐以红绿辣椒的

动词

(第三人稱單數簡單現在時，現在分詞，一般過去時及過去分詞)

  1. (及物)
    1. (非正式) 用圣诞装饰品装饰
      • Template:RQ:Mayhew London Labour
      • 1966, , , New York, N.Y., Hollywood, Los Angeles, Calif.: , →OCLC, Act I, scene ii，頁號 17:
        (Moving to the holly boughs.) Come on; let's finish Christmassing the place.
        （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
      • 2012, Robin S. Shapiro, “It’s Never too Late to Play the Violin”, 出自 Touchstones: Essays on Spirituality and Healing, [Bloomington, Ind.]: , →ISBN，頁號 27:
        Haddonfield was completely Christmased deep in December. It was lovely to see the beautifully decorated shops. Huge bows adorned the streetlamps, aerosol snow framed the windows, and people bundled up were moving in and out of the shops as the aroma of spice and clove from holiday candles scented the air.
        （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    2. (棄用，罕用) 祝...圣诞快乐
      • Template:RQ:Chapman Works
  2. (不及物)
    1. 过圣诞节，庆祝圣诞节
      • 2016 11月 3, Ricki Green, “David Jones asks ‘How do Australians Christmas?’ in new campaign via TBWA Sydney”, 出自 Campaign Brief‎，2023-12-24歸檔自原頁面:
        The 2016 campaign via TBWA Sydney asks the question, ‘How do Australians Christmas?’ with a film to be launched today featuring global superstar and style icon, Cate Blanchett.
        （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    2. 度过圣诞节期间
      • 1878, “Ironbark” [pseudonym; ], “Christmas in Australia”, 出自 Southerly Busters, Sydney, N.S.W.: John Sands, […], →OCLC，頁號 73:
        I've Christmased since those palmy days / In many a varied spot, / And suffered many a weary phase / Of Christmas cold and hot.
        （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
      • 1878 December, Horace L. Nicholson, “Baulked by a Berry”, 出自 W. J. Morgan 編, The St. James’s Magazine and United Empire Review, 卷 XXXIV, London: Charing Cross Publishing Company, […], 出版於 1879, →OCLC，頁號 1107:
        I have spent Christmas on the Severn, at Sharpness Point; in Paris, under siege, and among scenes of heartrending distress; among the Scotch hills, with Presbyterian severity, and I have Christmased in Normandy, where every tree seems green with mistletoe.
        （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
      • 1889 7月 6, “Facts and Fancies”, 出自 St. Stephen’s Review, 期 330, London: The Publishing Company, →OCLC，頁號 9，列號 1:
        on arrival in India will land at Bombay, and travel through Southern India, proceeding from Madras by sea to Calcutta. He will Christmas at Calcutta, and then make a tour through Bengal, and pay a visit to the frontier.
        （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
      • Template:RQ:Braddon Christmas Hirelings
      • 1938 January, Program: A Magazine for Program and Entertainment Committees, 卷 4, 期 4, New York, N.Y.: Program Company, →OCLC，頁號 7:
        will be one of the spearheads of the list for the coming season, a result of Mr. Peat’s holiday visit to England, where he Christmassed with .
        （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
      • 1993, , “End of the Rainbow”, 出自 The Arabists: The Romance of an American Elite, New York, N.Y.: , →ISBN, part I (Dream)，頁號 80:
        Christmasing in Khartoum, writing in his Cairo study about the Al Azhar University, overseeing the publication of learned articles about Moslem medievalism, attending conferences and tea parties hosted by his former AUB students, feted constantly in many an Arab capital, and filling up his diary with descriptions of the bazaars of Lucknow and the exotic birds of Asia, was reaping the bounty of a life devoted to the Arabs and Moslem culture.
        （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
      • 2012 10月 26, Lorrene Desbien, “December 22”, 出自 Losing Sarah: A Mother’s Journey to Peace, Bloomington, Ind.: , →ISBN，頁號 64:
        In particular, please keep my brother in your prayers as he Christmases in Afghanistan.
        （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
其他形式
  • (缩写, 非正式)

词源 2

略自，[2]可能是或的变体，是的委婉形式。

叹词

  1. (委婉) 真是的，天啊，我靠 （表示厌烦或惊讶）
    • 1930, [pseudonym; Frederic Dannay, Manfred Bennington Lee], “‘The Time has Come …’”, 出自 , New York, N.Y.: , →OCLC，頁號 269:
      "I've been tottering on the edge … Christmas!" His eyes brightened with a sudden thought. "How stupid I've been!" he cried at once.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1959, , “On the Scent”, 出自 , New York, N.Y.: , 出版於 November 1981, →ISBN, section 3，頁號 158:
      She said, "All right with you, Bertie?" / "Oh Christmas! he said. "I suppose so."
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

参考资料

  1. ↑ “Criste-mas(se, n.” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
  2. 1 2 对比“Christmas, n.1 and int.”, OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, December 2023; “Christmas, n.”, Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.。
  3. ↑ “Christmas, v.”, OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, July 2023

延伸阅读

异序词

低地苏格兰语

名词

  1. 圣诞节礼物
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