英語
詞源
繼承自中古英語 、、、、、,來自古英語 (“法語”),來自原始西日耳曼語 (“法蘭克”),等同於 + (對照)。與西佛蘭德語 (“法語”)、荷蘭語 (“法語”)、中古低地德語 、、、 (“法語”)、中古高地德語 、 (“法蘭克的,法蘭西的”;> 德語 (“法蘭克尼亞”))、丹麥語 (“法語”)、瑞典語 、 (“法語”)、冰島語 (“法語”)同源。
用作粗俗語言的義項,其通常指早期19世紀上層階級實際使用的法語表達 (但通常輕微無禮),後來被下層階級用作罵人的話,因為他們認為聽者不會熟悉這些用語。
用來指苦艾酒的義項,是的簡稱。
發音
專有名詞
(可數 和 不可數,複數)
- (主要用於不可數) 法語
- She speaks French.
- 她說法語。
- c. 1390, Robert Grosseteste, translating Chateau d'Amour as The Castle of Love, ll. 25 ff.:
- 1533, Thomas More, The Debellacyon of Salem & Bizance, fol. 96:
- 1991, Michael Clyne, Pluricentric Languages: Differing Norms in Different Nations, Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN,頁號 169:
- Thus, complementary to the French of France, the Quebecois (and in a lesser degree the Frenches of Africa, Swiss French, etc.) would constitute languages in their own right.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- 1997, Albert Valdman, French and Creole in Louisiana,頁號 29:
- Almost three quarters of the population 65 and older reported speaking French.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- 2004, Jack Flam, Matisse and Picasso: The Story of Their Rivalry and Friendship,頁號 18:
- Although he would spend the rest of his life in France, Picasso never mastered the language, and during those early years he was especially self-conscious about how bad his French was.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- 2013, Jocelyn Wogan-Browne, Language and Culture in Medieval Britain: The French of England, C.1100-c.1500, Boydell & Brewer Ltd, →ISBN,頁號 361:
- The Frenches of England remain as working languages in the different registers of various occupational communities and for particular social rituals. Beyond the fifteenth century, French is a much less substantial presence in England, though […]
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- (不可數) 法語交流能力
- My French is a little rusty.
- 我的法語有些生疏了。
- 1742 April 4, R. West, letter to Thomas Gray:
- [Racine's] language is the language of the times, and that of the purest sort; so that his French is reckoned a standard.
- (不可數) 作為學科的法國語言、文學
- I'm taking French next semester.
- 下學期我要上法語課。
- (不可數,委婉,現常ironic) 粗俗語言
- .
- 恕我言粗。
- 1845, Edward Jerningham Wakefield, Adventure in New Zealand, 卷 I,頁號 327:
- The enraged headsman spares no 'bad French' in explaining his motives.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- 1986, John Hughes, Ferris Bueller's Day Off':
- Cameron: Pardon my French, but you're an asshole!
- 2005 5月 29, New York Times Book Review,頁號 12:
- The book... is a welcome change from theory-infected academic discourse, pardon my French.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- (可數) 姓氏
- Dawn French.
衍生詞
- (姓氏):
派生詞
名詞
(可數 和 不可數,複數)
- (主要用於集合名詞和以複數形式) 法國人
- The Hundred Years' War was fought between the English and the French.
- 百年戰爭是英國人和法國人之間的戰爭。
- Under the Fourth Republic, more and more French unionized.
- 在第四共和國時期,越來越多的法國人加入了工會。
- 1579, Francesco Guicciardini as, 譯者 Geoffrey Fenton, The Historie of Guicciardin,頁號 378:
- […] to breake the necke of the wicked purposes & plots of the French […]
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- 2002, Jeremy Thornton, The French and Indian War,頁號 14:
- On the way, scouts reported that some French were heading toward them across the ice.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- (不可數,過時俚語,性) (“口交”)之同義詞(尤指嗦吮陰莖)
- 1968, Bill Turner, Sex Trap,頁號 64:
- You can be whipped or caned... or you can have French for another pound.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- 1996 10月 13, Observer,頁號 25:
- ‘French’—still used by prostitutes as a term for oral sex.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- (主要用於不可數,過時俚語) 的缩略形式
- 1930, Ethel Mannin, Confessions & Impressions,頁號 177:
- Tearle replied that gin-and-French and virginian cigarettes would do for him.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- 1967, Michael Francis Gilbert, The Dust & the Heat,頁號 14:
- He was drinking double gins with single Frenches in them.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
使用說明
複數形式Frenches的使用在早期現代英語出現過,在當代英語很少出現。和其他集體區域居民稱謂詞一樣,French在指代法國人時,會在前面加上定冠詞或定語。
衍生詞
派生詞
形容詞
(比較級,最高級)
- 法國的
- the French border with Italy
- 法國和意大利的邊界
- 與法國人民和文化有關的
- French customs
- 法國習俗
- 法語的
- French verbs
- 法語動詞
- (俚語,性慾) 與口交有關的
- Template:RQ:Mezzrow Blues
- (非正式,常委婉) 用於構成性病的名稱或指代
- French disease ― 性病
- French crown ― 性病造成的脫髮
- ― 梅毒 (字面意思是「法國痘,法國疹」)
同義詞
衍生詞
- ,
- French berry (Rhamnus saxatilis)
- ,
- French cowslip (Primula auricula)
- , ,
- ,
- French honeysuckle (Hedysarum coronarium)
- French lavender (Lavandula stoechas)
- ( & )
- French mulberry (Callicarpa americana)
- French mullet (Albula vulpes)
- ()
- French rose (Rosa gallica)
- French rye (Arrhenatherum elatius)
- French sole (Microstomus kitt)
- French sorrel (Rumex scutatus)
- ()
- ,
- French willow ( Salix triandra)
- ,
派生詞
動詞
(第三人稱單數簡單現在時,現在分詞,一般過去時及過去分詞)
- 的大小寫替代形式
- 1995, Jack Womack, Random Acts of Senseless Violence,頁號 87:
- Even before I thought about what I was doing we Frenched and kissed with tongues.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
替代寫法
衍生詞
參見
來源
- “French, adj. & n.”, OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 2009
- "Where did the term 'Pardon my French' come from...", /r/AskHistorians, 2018.
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