詞源

源自拉丁語。

名詞

(複數)

1. 古羅馬的衛城

異序詞

• , , , ,

詞源

來源不確定，可能來自：

• 原始意大利語 ，源自原始印歐語 (“圍住”)（對比翁布里亞語 (uerfale, “做占卜的地方”)、赫梯語 [script needed] (warpa-, “圍場”)、吐火羅語A (“花園”)、吐火羅語B (“花園”)）。^[1]
• 派生自原始印歐語 (“城市”)（源自 (“圍住”)，參見赫梯語 [script needed] (gurtas, “城堡”)、梵語 (gṛhá, “房屋”)、英語 (“院子”)）^[2]，但這種說法會導致不規則變化的出現：規則變化應作 ˣhorbus。

發音

• (古典拉丁語) 國際音標^(幫助)：/urbs/, [ʊrps̠]
• (教會拉丁語) 國際音標^(幫助)：/urbs/, [urbs]

• 音頻 (古典)：

  (檔案)

名詞

 f (属格); 第三类变格

1. 城市，有城墻的城鎮
   • 106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, In Catilinam :

     O di immortales, ubinam gentium sumus? Quam rem publicam habemus? In qua urbe vivimus?

     O immortal gods, where on earth are we? What government do we have? In what city do we live?

   Urbi ferro flammāque minatus est.

   他用火和劍威脅著城市。

2. 羅馬城
   • 100 BCE – 44 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.7:

     Caesari cum id nuntiatum esset, eos per provinciam nostram iter facere conari, maturat ab urbe proficisci et quam maximis potest itineribus in Galliam ulteriorem contendit et ad Genavam pervenit.

     當愷撒聽到他們向本國進發的消息時，他馬上帶上最多的士兵出城，遠征高盧，一路直到日內瓦。

   .

   從羅馬城建成之日起。

   Urbi et orbi.

   到羅馬城，到全世界。

參考資料

• urbs in Charlton T. Lewis & Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1879
• “urbs”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• urbs在Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français (拉丁語-法語詳解詞典), Hachette中的內容
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • the heart of the city: sinus urbis (Sall. Cat. 52. 35)
    
  • to set fire to a city: inflammare urbem
    
  • the city is very beautifully situated: urbs situ ad aspectum praeclara est
    
  • the city is situate on a bay: urbs in sinu sita est
    
  • to be far from town: longe, procul abesse ab urbe
    
  • to enter a city: ingredi, intrare urbem, introire in urbem
    
  • arrival in Rome, in town: adventus Romam, in urbem
    
  • to draw near to a city: appropinquare urbi, rarely ad urbem
    
  • to advance nearer to the city: propius accedere ad urbem or urbem
    
  • in the fifth year from the founding of the city: anno ab urbe condita quinto
    
  • native place: urbs patria or simply patria
    
  • the plague breaks out in the city: pestilentia (not pestis) in urbem (populum) invadit
    
  • a report is spreading imperceptibly: fama serpit (per urbem)
    
  • after having duly taken the auspices: auspicato (rem gerere, urbem condere)
    
  • to banish a person, send him into exile: ex urbe (civitate) expellere, pellere aliquem
    
  • to expel a person from the city, country: exterminare (ex) urbe, de civitate aliquem (Mil. 37. 101)
    
  • to garrison a town: praesidiis firmare urbem
    
  • to garrison a town: praesidium collocare in urbe
    
  • to raise a siege (used of the army of relief): urbis obsidionem liberare