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这篇文章的共同创作者是 Laura Marusinec, MD. Marusinec博士是美国威斯康星州儿童医院的一位认证儿科医生,同时也是该院临床实践委员会的成员。她于1995年获得了威斯康辛医学院的医学博士学位,并于1998年在威斯康星州的儿科医学院完成了专科住院实习。Marusinec还是美国医学作家协会以及小儿急症护理协会的成员。
本文引用了35条参考,详情参见页面底部。
这篇文章已经被读过33,475次。
步骤
方法 1
方法 1 的 4:
了解症状和原因
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留意常见症状。头皮湿疹会给头皮和受影响的皮肤部位带来问题。常见的症状包括皮屑(头屑)、发痒、泛红、皮肤呈鳞屑状或结硬皮、出现一块块油腻的皮屑和脱发。[4]
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确认风险因素。虽然医生还不确定为什么有的人会患上脂溢性湿疹,有的人不会,但是下面的因素显然会增加患病风险:[9]
- 体重过重或肥胖。
- 疲惫。
- 环境因素(比如天气干燥)。
- 压力。
- 其它皮肤问题(比如痤疮)。
- 患有某些疾病,包括中风、人类免疫缺陷病毒、帕金森病或头部损伤。
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不要使用含有酒精的护肤和护发产品。酒精会去掉皮肤表层有保护作用的油脂,导致头皮干燥。这会加重头皮剥落和发痒症状,可能引发脂溢性湿疹。[10]
- 清洗皮肤和头皮时,动作要轻柔。不要用力擦洗。洗头时,用手指轻轻按摩皮肤。在不会洗掉头皮油脂的前提下,把头发洗干净。
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不要抓挠发痒的皮屑。当身体某个部分干燥、发痒时,你很难不去抓挠。但是,还是得尽量克制自己,以免皮肤受刺激和流血。
- 过度抓挠甚至会引发二次感染。
方法 2
方法 2 的 4:
使用非处方产品(成人)
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先咨询医生或药剂师。即使是非处方产品,也有可能影响某些疾病或身体状况,所以使用前,最好先咨询医生或药剂师。[13]
- 如果你有过敏、患病、正在服用药物、怀孕或处于哺乳期,展开任何治疗之前,一定要先问过医生。
- 不要在未咨询儿科医生的情况下,擅自给小孩展开治疗。治疗儿童头皮湿疹是不同的过程,本文的部分3会详细说明。
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使用非处方产品。许多非处方洗发精和油都能治疗头皮湿疹。这些产品是使用处方洗发精之前的首选治疗方案。你可以在很长的一段时间内每天使用它们。
- 这些非处方洗发精并未获准用在儿童身上!只能用来治疗成人头皮湿疹。
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用硫化硒洗发精洗头。它能杀死引发头皮湿疹的酵母菌。只要杀死酵母菌,皮肤就有机会治愈,而不会加重干燥、发炎或头屑发痒症状。
- 常见的副作用包括头发或头皮变得干燥或油腻。比较少见的副作用包括头发变色、脱发和受刺激。[16]
- 每周至少得使用2次才能见效。
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用鸡蛋油按摩头皮。鸡蛋油(卵油)含有天然免疫球蛋白,经常使用有助于治疗头皮湿疹。
- 必须每周用两次,留在头上过夜,并且至少坚持一年。
- 蛋油中含有丰富的欧米茄-3脂肪酸——二十二碳六烯酸,能促进新的上皮细胞生长。
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使用水杨酸洗发精。它有去角质作用,帮助治愈头皮表层的脱皮状况。1.8%到3%浓度的水杨酸洗发精都很有效。唯一的副作用是会刺激皮肤。
方法 3
方法 3 的 4:
治疗患上头皮湿疹的婴儿和小孩
警告
- 本篇指南不能代替专业医嘱、诊断或治疗。开展任何治疗(包括非处方产品)之前,一定要先咨询医生。
参考
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/seborrheic-dermatitis/basics/definition/con-20031872
- ↑ http://www.eczema.org/adultseborrhoeic
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/seborrheic-dermatitis/basics/definition/con-20031872
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/seborrheic-dermatitis/basics/symptoms/con-20031872
- ↑ Clark GW, Pope SM, Jabari KA. Diagnosis and Treatment of Seborrheic Keratosis. Am Fam Physician. 91(3), 2015:185-190.
- ↑ Clark GW, Pope SM, Jabari KA. Diagnosis and Treatment of Seborrheic Keratosis. Am Fam Physician. 91(3), 2015:185-190.
- ↑ http://www.eczema.org/adultseborrhoeic
- ↑ http://www.eczema.org/atopic
- ↑ http://www.healthline.com/health/skin/seborrheic-dermatitis#RiskFactors3
- ↑ http://www.healthline.com/health/skin/seborrheic-dermatitis#RiskFactors3
- ↑ Alavian CN, McEnery-Stonelake M. Keratosis, Seborrheic. The 5-Minute Clinical Consult Standard 2015. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2015, 3572–3580.
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/seborrheic-dermatitis/basics/lifestyle-home-remedies/con-20031872
- ↑ http://nes.yoomee.com/adult-seborrhoeic-eczema
- ↑ http://nes.yoomee.com/adult-seborrhoeic-eczema
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/seborrheic-dermatitis/basics/treatment/con-20031872
- ↑ http://www.drugs.com/sfx/selenium-sulfide-topical-side-effects.html
- ↑ Satchell AC, Saurajen A, Bell C, Barnetson RS. Treatment of dandruff with 5% tea tree oil shampoo. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;47(6):852–855.
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2888552/#b33-ptj35_6p348
- ↑ Henley DV, Lipson N, Korach KS, Bloch CA. Prepubertal gynecomastia linked to lavender and tea tree oils. N Engl J Med.2007;356(5):479–485
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2888552/#b29-ptj35_6p348
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2888552/#b29-ptj35_6p348
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2888552/#b29-ptj35_6p348
- ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a605014.html
- ↑ http://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-75147-179/ketoconazole-topical/ketoconazoleshampoo-topical/details
- ↑ Peter RU, Richard-Barthauer U. Successful treatment and prophylaxis of scalp seborrhoeic dermatitis and dandruff with 2% ketoconazole shampoo: results of a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Dermatol. 1995;132(3):441-445.
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11485891
- ↑ http://www.nursingcenter.com/JournalArticle?Article_ID=1198036
- ↑ Al-Waili NS. Therapeutic and prophylactic effects of crude honey on chronic seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff. Eur J Med Res. 2001;6(7):306-308.
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11485891
- ↑ http://www.nursingcenter.com/JournalArticle?Article_ID=1198036
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11485891
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2888552/#b29-ptj35_6p348
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2888552/#b29-ptj35_6p348
- ↑ http://www.drugs.com/cdi/coal-tar-shampoo.html
- ↑ http://nes.yoomee.com/infantile-seborrhoeic
- ↑ http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/skin/cradle_cap.html
- ↑ http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/skin/cradle_cap.html#
- ↑ Clark GW, Pope SM, Jabari KA. Diagnosis and Treatment of Seborrheic Keratosis. Am Fam Physician. 91(3), 2015:185-190.
- ↑ http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/skin/cradle_cap.html#
- ↑ http://nationaleczema.org/eczema/child-eczema/infants-toddlers/
- ↑ http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/skin/cradle_cap.html#
- ↑ Peter RU, Richard-Barthauer U. Successful treatment and prophylaxis of scalp seborrhoeic dermatitis and dandruff with 2% ketoconazole shampoo: results of a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Dermatol. 1995;132(3):441-445.
- ↑ Poindexter GB, Burkhart CN, Morrell DS. Therapies for Pediatric seborrheic dermatitis. Pediatr Ann. 2009;38(6):333-338.
- ↑ http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/skin/cradle_cap.html#
- ↑ http://nationaleczema.org/eczema/child-eczema/infants-toddlers/
- ↑ Schwartz JR, Rocchetta H, Asawanonda P, Luo F, Thomas JH. Does tachyphylaxis occur in the long-term management of scalp seborrheic dermatitis with pyridine zinc-based treatments? Int J Dermatol 48(1), 2009:79-85.
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2888552/#b29-ptj35_6p348
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2888552/#b29-ptj35_6p348
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2888552/#b29-ptj35_6p348
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/seborrheic-dermatitis/basics/treatment/con-20031872
- ↑ Ortonne JP, Nikkels AF, Reich K, et al. Efficacious and safe management of moderate to severe scalp seborrhoeic dermatitis using clobetasol propionate shampoo 0.05% combined with ketoconazole shampoo 2%: a randomized, controlled study. Br J Dermatol. 2011;165(1):171-176.
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2888552/#b29-ptj35_6p348
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2888552/#b29-ptj35_6p348
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/seborrheic-dermatitis/basics/treatment/con-20031872
- ↑ http://health.usnews.com/health-conditions/allergy-asthma-respiratory/atopic-dermatitis-or-eczema/treatment#8
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/seborrheic-dermatitis/basics/treatment/con-20031872
- ↑ Lee E, Koo J, Berger T. UVB phototherapy and skin cancer risk: A review of the literature. Int J Dermatol. 2005;44(5):355–360.
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2888552/#b44-ptj35_6p348
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/eczema/basics/treatment/con-20032073
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/seborrheic-dermatitis/basics/treatment/con-20031872
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2888552/#b29-ptj35_6p348
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2888552/#b29-ptj35_6p348
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/seborrheic-dermatitis/basics/treatment/con-20031872
- ↑ Berk T, Scheinfeld, N. Seborrheic Dermatitis. P T. 2010;35(6):348-352.