1984 in spaceflight
Orbital launches
First5 Jan
Last22 Dec
Total129
Successes128
Failures1
National firsts
Space traveller Canada
 India
Rockets
Maiden flightsAriane 3
Atlas G
Space Shuttle Discovery
RetirementsTitan 24B
Crewed flights
Orbital8
Total travellers37

The following is an outline of 1984 in spaceflight.

Launches

Date and time (UTC) Rocket Flight number Launch site LSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat)
Operator Orbit Function Decay (UTC) Outcome
Remarks

January

31 January
03:08
United StatesTitan 34D/Transtage United StatesCape Canaveral LC-40 United States
United StatesOPS-0441 (Vortex 4) NRO High Earth SIGINTIn orbitSuccessful

February

3 February
13:00
United StatesSpace Shuttle Challenger United StatesKennedy LC-39A United StatesUnited Space Alliance
United StatesSTS-41-B NASA Low Earth Satellite deployment11 February
12:15
Successful
United StatesWestar 6 Western Union Intended: Geosynchronous
Actual: Low Earth
Communications16 November
11:59
Deployment failure
IndonesiaPalapa B2 Telkom Indonesia Intended: Geosynchronous
Actual: Low Earth
Communications16 November
11:59
Deployment failure
West GermanySPAS-1A NASA Low Earth (Challenger) Microgravity research11 February
12:15
Successful
Crewed orbital flight with five astronauts; first use of the Crewed Maneuvering Unit and the first Space Shuttle landing at the Kennedy Space Center.
PAM failures led to Westar 6 and Palapa B2 being stranded in Low Earth orbit. The satellites were subsequently retrieved by Space Shuttle Discovery during mission STS-51-A in November and were returned to Earth for refurbishment.
Westar 6 was sold to AsiaSat and renamed AsiaSat 1, and launched by a Chinese Long 3 March carrier rocket on 7 April 1990.
Palapa B2 was renamed Palapa B2R and was launched by an American Delta II 6925-8 carrier rocket on 13 April 1990.
5 February
18:44
United StatesAtlas H United StatesVandenberg SLC-3E United States
United StatesOPS-8737 (NOSS 7) US Navy Low Earth SIGINTIn orbitSuccessful
8 February
12:07
Soviet UnionSoyuz-U Soviet UnionBaikonur Site 31/6 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionSoyuz T-10 Low Earth (Salyut 7) Salyut 7 EO-311 April
10:48
Successful
Crewed orbital flight with three cosmonauts
21 February
06:46
Soviet UnionSoyuz-U Soviet UnionBaikonur Site 31/6 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionProgress 19 Low Earth (Salyut 7) Logistics1 April
18:18
Successful

March

5 March
00:50
European UnionAriane 1 FranceKourou ELA FranceCNES
United NationsIntelsat 508 Intelsat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful

April

3 April
13:08
Soviet UnionSoyuz-U Soviet UnionBaikonur Site 31/6 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionSoyuz T-11 Low Earth (Salyut 7) Salyut 7 EP-32 October
10:57
Successful
Crewed orbital flight with three cosmonauts including the first Indian space traveller
6 April
13:58
United StatesSpace Shuttle Challenger United StatesKennedy LC-39A United StatesUnited Space Alliance
United StatesSTS-41-C NASA Low Earth Satellite deployment and repair13 April
13:38
Successful
United StatesLDEF NASA Low Earth Material science20 January 1990
06:35
Successful
Crewed orbital flight with five astronauts; Solar Max repair mission
LDEF retrieved by Space Shuttle Columbia during mission STS-32 in January 1990.
14 April
16:52
United StatesTitan 34D/Transtage United StatesCape Canaveral LC-40 United States
United StatesOPS-7641 (DSP-12) US Air Force Geosynchronous Early warningIn orbitSuccessful
15 April
08:12
Soviet UnionSoyuz-U Soviet UnionBaikonur Site 31/6 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionProgress 20 Low Earth (Salyut 7) Logistics7 May
00:32
Successful
17 April
18:45
United StatesTitan 24B United StatesVandenberg SLC-4W United States
United StatesOPS-8424 (KH-8-54) NRO Sun-synchronous Reconnaissance13 AugustSuccessful
Final flight of Titan 24B and the final KH-8 spacecraft

May

7 May
22:47
Soviet UnionSoyuz-U Soviet UnionBaikonur Site 31/6 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionProgress 21 Low Earth (Salyut 7) Logistics26 May
15:00
Successful
23 May
01:33
European UnionAriane 1 FranceKourou ELA FranceArianespace
United StatesSpacenet F1 Spacenet Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful
28 May
14:12
Soviet UnionSoyuz-U Soviet UnionBaikonur Site 31/6 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionProgress 22 Low Earth (Salyut 7) Logistics15 July
18:52
Successful

June

9 June
23:03
United StatesAtlas G United StatesCape Canaveral LC-36B United States
United NationsIntelsat 509 Intelsat Intended: Geosynchronous
Achieved: Low Earth
Communications24 OctoberLaunch Failure
Maiden flight of Atlas G
Upper stage malfunction left payload in a useless orbit
13 June
11:37
United StatesAtlas E/SGS-2 United StatesVandenberg SLC-3W United States
United StatesUSA-1 (GPS-9) US Air Force Medium Earth NavigationIn orbitSuccessful
25 June
18:47
United StatesTitan 34D United StatesVandenberg SLC-4E United States
United StatesUSA-2 (KH-9-19) NRO Sun-synchronous Reconnaissance18 OctoberSuccessful
United StatesUSA-3 (SSF-D-5) NRO Sun-synchronous ELINTIn orbitSuccessful

July

17 July
17:40
Soviet UnionSoyuz-U2 Soviet UnionBaikonur Site 31/6 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionSoyuz T-12 Low Earth (Salyut 7) Salyut 7 EP-429 July
12:55
Successful
Crewed orbital flight with three cosmonauts
First crewed flight of Soyuz-U2

August

4 August
13:32
European UnionAriane 3 FranceKourou ELA FranceArianespace
FranceEutelsat 1F2 Eutelsat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful
FranceTelecom 1A France Télécom Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful
Maiden flight of Ariane 3
Eutelsat 1F2 retired in 1993
14 August
06:28
Soviet UnionSoyuz-U Soviet UnionBaikonur Site 1/5 Soviet Union
Soviet UnionProgress 23 Low Earth (Salyut 7) Logistics28 August
01:28
Successful
28 August
18:03
United StatesTitan 34B United StatesVandenberg SLC-4W United States
United StatesUSA-4 (SDS-1-5) US Air Force Molniya CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful
30 August
12:41
United StatesSpace Shuttle Discovery United StatesKennedy LC-39A United StatesUnited Space Alliance
United StatesSTS-41-D NASA Low Earth Satellite deployment5 September
15:37
Successful
United StatesSBS-4 SBS Current: Graveyard
Operational: Geosynchronous
CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful
United StatesTelstar 302 AT&T Current: Graveyard
Operational: Geosynchronous
CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful
United StatesLeasat 2 US Navy Current: Graveyard
Operational: Geosynchronous
CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful
United StatesOAST-1 NASA Low Earth (Discovery) Solar array R&D5 September
15:37
Successful
Crewed orbital flight with six astronauts
Maiden flight of Space Shuttle Discovery

September

8 September
21:41
United StatesAtlas E/SGS-2 United StatesVandenberg SLC-3W United States
United StatesUSA-5 (GPS-10) US Air Force Medium Earth NavigationIn orbitSuccessful

October

5 October
11:03
United States Space Shuttle Challenger United States Kennedy LC-39A United States United Space Alliance
United States STS-41-G NASA Low Earth Satellite deployment13 October
16:26
Successful
United States ERBS NASA Low Earth Radiation budget observation9 January 2023
04:04[1]
Successful
United States OSTA-3 NASA Low Earth (Challenger) Earth imaging13 October
16:26
Successful
United States ORS NASA Low Earth (Challenger) Satellite refuelling demonstration13 October
16:26
Successful
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts including the first Canadian space traveller
Shuttle Imaging Radar-B (SIR-B)
ERBS retired on 14 October 2005

November

8 November
12:15
United StatesSpace Shuttle Discovery United StatesKennedy LC-39A United StatesUnited Space Alliance
United StatesSTS-51-A NASA Low Earth Satellite deployment and retrieval16 November
11:59
Successful
CanadaAnik D2 Telesat Canada Current: Graveyard
Operational: Geosynchronous
CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful
United StatesLeasat 1 US Navy Current: Graveyard
Operational: Geosynchronous
CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful
Crewed orbital flight with five astronauts
Anik D2 retired on 31 January 1995
Retrieved Westar 6 and Palapa B2 satellites which were stranded in Low Earth orbit after PAM failures during deployment from Space Shuttle Challenger on mission STS-41-B in February.
10 November
01:14
European UnionAriane 3 FranceKourou ELA FranceArianespace
United StatesSpacenet F2 Spacenet Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful
European UnionMARECS 2 ESA Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful

December

4 December
18:03
United StatesTitan 34D United StatesVandenberg SLC-4E United States
United StatesUSA-6 (KH-11-6) NRO Sun-synchronous ReconnaissanceIn orbitSuccessful
12 December
10:42
United StatesAtlas E/Star-37S-ISS United StatesVandenberg SLC-3W United States
United StatesNOAA 9 (NOAA-F) NOAA Sun-synchronous MeteorologyIn orbitSuccessful
22 December
00:02
United StatesTitan 34D/Transtage United StatesCape Canaveral LC-40 United States
United StatesUSA-7 (DSP-12) US Air Force Geosynchronous Early warningIn orbitSuccessful

Deep-space rendezvous

There were no deep-space rendezvous in 1984.

EVAs

Start date/time Duration End time Spacecraft Crew Remarks
7 February 5 hours
55 minutes
STS-41-B
Challenger
United StatesBruce McCandless II
United StatesRobert L. Stewart
McCandless and Stewart rode on the Crewed Maneuvering Unit (MMUs) during the first untethered EVAs in history. Both astronauts practiced using tools and procedures for the planned capture and repair of the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) satellite to be performed in a subsequent flight.[2]
9 February 6 hours
17 minutes
STS-41-B
Challenger
United StatesBruce McCandless II
United StatesRobert L. Stewart
Continued testing the MMUs and practice with tools and procedures to be used with recovery and repair of the SMM satellite.[2]
8 April
14:18
2 hours
38 minutes
16:56 STS-41-C
Challenger
United StatesGeorge Nelson
United StatesJames van Hoften
Nelson rode the MMU to the SMM satellite. Van Hoften stood by in the payload bay to provide any needed assistance. After three unsuccessful attempts to capture the SMM with the Trunnion Pin Acquisition Device (TPAD) tool and one attempt to grab the satellite by hand, the spacewalkers returned to Challenger. The SMM was recovered the next day with the RMS.[3]
11 April
08:58
6 hours
44 minutes
15:42 STS-41-C
Challenger
United StatesGeorge Nelson
United StatesJames van Hoften
Completed repair of the SMM satellite and then continued testing of the MMU.[4]
23 April
04:31
4 hours
20 minutes
08:46 Salyut 7 EO-3 Soviet UnionLeonid Kizim
Soviet UnionVladimir Solovyov
Installed a new ladder to reach the ruptured Main Oxidizer Line on Salyut 7. First of five EVAs to conduct the repair.
26 April
02:40
4 hours
56 minutes
07:40 Salyut 7 EO-3 Soviet UnionLeonid Kizim
Soviet UnionVladimir Solovyov
Removed installation and installed a valve in the spare oxidizer line. Second of five EVAs to repair the Main Oxidizer Line on the station.
29 April
01:35
2 hours
45 minutes
04:20 Salyut 7 EO-3 Soviet UnionLeonid Kizim
Soviet UnionVladimir Solovyov
Installed a bypass line around the damaged section of the Main Oxidizer Line on the station. Third of five repair EVAs.
3 May
23:15
2 hours
45 minutes
4 May
02:00
Salyut 7 EO-3 Soviet UnionLeonid Kizim
Soviet UnionVladimir Solovyov
Installed a second bypass line and replaced thermal insulation at the Main Oxidizer Line of the station. Fourth of five repair EVAs.
18 May
17:52
3 hours
5 minutes
20:57 Salyut 7 EO-3 Soviet UnionLeonid Kizim
Soviet UnionVladimir Solovyov
Installed two new solar arrays onto the space station.
25 July
14:55
3 hours
35 minutes
18:29 Salyut 7 EP-4 Soviet UnionVladimir Dzhanibekov
Soviet UnionSvetlana Savitskaya
Tested the URI multi-purpose tool with several metal samples.
Savitskaya became the first women in history to perform an EVA.
8 August
08:46
5 hours 13:46 Salyut 7 EO-3 Soviet UnionLeonid Kizim
Soviet UnionVladimir Solovyov
Using a pneumatic press tool delivered by Soyuz T-12, the cosmonauts completed the fifth and final EVA to repair the damaged Main Oxidizer Line of the station by crimping the ends of the ruptured pipe.
11 October
15:38
3 hours
29 minutes
19:05 STS-41-G
Challenger
United StatesDavid Leestma
United StatesKathryn Sullivan
Demonstrated the use of the Orbital Refueling System, including the installation of an ORS valve maintenance kit.[5]
Sullivan was the first American women and the second women in history to conduct an EVA.[6]
12 November
13:25
6 hours 19:25 STS-51-A
Discovery
United StatesJoseph P. Allen
United StatesDale Gardner
Allen rode the MMU to the Palapa B2 satellite and retrieved it into the payload bay. Gardner and Allen then secured the satellite in the payload bay for return to Earth.[7]
14 November
11:09
5 hours
42 minutes
16:51 STS-51-A
Discovery
United StatesJoseph P. Allen
United StatesDale Gardner
Gardner rode the MMU to the Westar 6 satellite and retrieved it into the payload bay. Allen and Gardner then secured the satellite in the payload bay for return to Earth.[7]

References

  • Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
  • Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
  • Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.
  • Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
  • Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report". Archived from the original on 5 October 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
  • McDowell, Jonathan. "Jonathan's Space Report".
  • Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
  • Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
  • Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
  • Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
  • "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
  • "NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
  • "Space Calendar". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
  • "Space Information Center". JAXA.
  • "Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).
Generic references:
 Spaceflight portal

Footnotes

  1. "Retired NASA Earth Radiation Budget Satellite Reenters Atmosphere". NASA. 6 January 2023. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  2. 1 2 Collins Jr., Michael A. (March 1984). "STS 41B National Space Transportation System Program Mission Report" (PDF). NASA. p. 8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2009.
  3. "Space Shuttle Flight 11 (STS-41C)". Space Shuttle Video Library. National Space Society. 2008. Archived from the original on 18 July 2012. Retrieved 17 February 2009.
  4. Collins, Michael (May 1984). "STS-41C National Space Transportation System Program Mission Report" (PDF). NASA. p. 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 18 February 2009.
  5. Collins Jr., Michael A. (November 1984). "STS 41-G National Space Transportation System Program Mission Report" (PDF). NASA. p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 18 February 2009.
  6. Wade, Mark (2008). "Sullivan web page". Encyclopedia Astronautica web site. Archived from the original on 14 February 2009. Retrieved 18 February 2009.
  7. 1 2 "Space Shuttle Flight 14 (STS-51A)". Space Shuttle Video Library. National Space Society. July 2008. Archived from the original on 17 July 2012. Retrieved 20 February 2009.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.